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Eisaku Hayashi, Hiroshi Yamanaka, Kazuko Shimizu
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
141-145
Published: March 20, 1959
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Catalytic reduction of various 4-substituted pyridine 1-oxides in neutral medium, with Raney nickel as a catalyst, was carried out at ordinary temperature and pressure. It was thereby found that N-oxide group in these compounds was selectively reduced, irrespective of the substituent in 4-position, and the products were obtained in a good yield of 85∼98%. 4-Nitropyridine 1-oxide afforded 90% of 4-aminopyridine in acetic acid medium and 4-benzyloxypyridine 1-oxide afforded 93% of 4-hydroxypyridine in one step when reduced over a mixed catalyst of palladium-carbon and Raney nickel. It was considered that this process of reduction is the best method for laboratory preparation of 4-substituted pyridines.
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Eisaku Hayashi, Hiroshi Yamanaka, Kazuko Shimizu
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
146-148
Published: March 20, 1959
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Quinoline 1-oxide and various 4-substituted quinoline 1-oxide derivatives were submitted to catalytic reduction over Raney nickel as a catalyst and results obtained were similar to the case of pyridine derivatives described in the preceding paper. In all cases, compounds were reduced smoothly and in a good yield. In the case of 4-benzyloxyquinoline 1-oxide, the first mole of hydrogen is absorbed rapidly while the next mole of hydrogen is absorbed very slowly, and 4-benzyloxyquinoline 1-oxide is reduced to (X) via 4-benzyloxyquinoline (XIII). This is somewhat different from the behavior of 4-benzyloxypyridine 1-oxide to catalytic reduction over Raney nickel.
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Eisaku Hayashi, Hiroshi Yamanaka, Takeo Higashino
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
149-151
Published: March 20, 1959
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In the catalytic reduction of hydroxamic acid and compounds possessing hydroxyl adjacent to the N-oxide group and forming a hydroxamic acid-type structure, Raney nickel catalyst was found to act specifically in severing the nitrogen-oxygen bond. 2-Hydroxyquinoline 1-oxide, 4-methoxy-and 4-ethoxy-2-hydroxyquinazoline 1-oxide, and benzohydroxamic acid were deoxygenated forming 2-hydroxyquinoline, 4-methoxy- and 4-ethoxy-2-hydroxyquinazoline, and benzamide. In 4-benzyloxy-2-hydroxyquinazoline 1-oxide, the reduction of benzyloxyl group preceded the reduction of N-oxide group and 2, 4-dihydroxyquinazoline was formed via its 1-oxide compound.
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Hiroshi Yamanaka
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
152-158
Published: March 20, 1959
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Reaction of 4-alkoxyquinazolines (II) with perphthalic acid afforded, besides the objective 4-alkoxyquinazoline 1-oxides (III), 2-hydroxy-4-alkoxyquinazoline 1-oxides (IV) as a by-product, formed by oxidation of 2-position. (III) was hydrolyzed to 4-hydroxyquinazoline 1-oxide (V), methylated, and catalytically reduced to 3-methyl-4-quinazolone (VII), whose identification by admixture with an authentic specimen proved the original compounds to be the 1-oxide. The structure of (IV) was also proved by its methylation followed by catalytic reduction to form 4-alkoxy-2-quinazolone (IX).
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Hiroshi Yamanaka
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
158-161
Published: March 20, 1959
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Catalytic reduction of 4-benzyloxy-6-methylpyrimidine 1-oxide in methanol over palladium-carbon resulted in the formation of 6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol via 4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine 1-oxide. The use of Raney nickel as a catalyst in this case afforded 4-benzyloxy-6-methylpyrimidine and this is a new type of reaction not recorded in past literature.
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Shigeru Yoshida, Motoji Asai
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
162-171
Published: March 20, 1959
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Infrared absorption spectra of pyridine- and pyrazine-carboxylic acids have following characteristic absorptions. 1) There are broad absorption bands with peaks at 2450 and 1900 cm
-1. The former shifts to around 1900 cm
-1 by deuteration but the latter does not. 2) Absorptions for O-H in-plane deformation and C-O stretching vibration are present at 1340∼1300 cm
-1 and 1310∼1260 cm
-1, and shift respectively to 1360∼1340 cm
-1 and 1080∼1020 cm
-1 by deuteration. 3) There is no absorption band for O-H out-of-plane deformation and that for [chemical formula] is present at around 700 cm
-1. These characteristic absorptions can be explained by the structure (II) with intramolecular hydrogen bonding for nicotinic and isonicotinic acids, and the structures (VI and VII) with intramolecular hydrogen bonding for picolinic and pyrazinic acids possessing a carboxyl in the position alpha to ring nitrogen. The hydrochloride of pyridinecarboxylic acids and 2, 6-disubstituted isonicotinic acid derivatives possess the structure (II) same as that of ordinary carboxylic acids.
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Ryuichi Kimura, Takahiro Yabuuchi
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
171-174
Published: March 20, 1959
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Optical resolution of 3-piperidino-1, 1-di (2-thienyl)-1-butene hydrochloride and hydrobromide, which had interesting pharmacological properties, was carried out by the preferential recrystallization method, because these could not be resolved by a method for diastereomers. Thus, specific rotation of these isomers was found to be [α]
31.5D ±117.8° in ethanol for isomers of hydrochloride and [α]
13D ±127.4° in chloroform for those of hydrobromide. Moreover, it was recognized that the racemic modifications of these salts were racemic mixtures and not racemic compounds, by the investigation of the melting point-composition diagrams and infrared absorption spectra.
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Ryuichi Kimura, Masanao Ogawa, Takahiro Yabuuchi
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
175-176
Published: March 20, 1959
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Hiroya Tanabe
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
177-183
Published: March 20, 1959
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The mechanisms of formation of products obtained by oxidation of aniline with periodic acid, (I) to (VI) reported in Part X of this series, are discussed. Mechanism for the production of (I), (IV), and (VI) is considered to involve the action of hydroxyl radical. In the formation of (V) from N-phenyl-p-benzoquinone diimine, a radical reaction is assumed to play a part.
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Seishi Takagi, Kyozo Hayashi
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
183-186
Published: March 20, 1959
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Harris, et al. synthesized DL-homolysine (IV) by the acetamidomalonate method and obtained its monohydrochloride monohydrate as crystals melting at 176°. (IV) was prepared as its monohydrochloride, m.p. 263°, by the reaction of hydrazoic acid and 1, 1, 6-hexanetricarboxylic acid, which was obtained from cyclohexanone, and (IV) was derived to its benzoate. Two different methods of preparation were further tried, one from 7-aminoheptanoic acid and the other from 1-chloro-5-benzamidopentane, and the same substance melting at 263° was obtained in both cases. The procedure reported by Harris, et al. was followed exactly but the substance of m.p. 263° was obtained instead of that melting at 176° reported by Harris, et al.
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Kyozo Hayashi
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
187-191
Published: March 20, 1959
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DL-Homoserine is an amino acid which is important in the biochemical study on the metabolism of amino acids. Several methods for the synthesis of DL-homoserine have been reported, but they have many disadvantages ; for example, they involve long process of reaction and extremely complicated method of separation of DL-homoserine formed. By the Schmidt reaction, DL-2-amino-4-alkoxybutyric acid and ethyl 2-acetamido-4-alkoxybutyrate were obtained respectively from (2-alkoxyethyl) malonic acid and 2-(2-alkoxyethyl) acetoacetate, and they were hydrolyzed with 48% hydrobromic acid to DL-2-amino-γ-butyrolactone hydrobromide. This was deacidified with ion exchange resin and simultaneously the ring cleavage was effected, giving DL-homoserine in a good yield and without difficulties in isolation and purification.
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Eiji Ochiai, Chikara kaneko
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
191-195
Published: March 20, 1959
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Bei der Nitrierung von Chinolin-N-oxyd mit uberschussigem Benzoylnitrat in Chloroform-Losung entsteht ausser 3-Nitrochinolin-N-oxyd eine nadelformige schwachgelbe Substanz vom Schmp. 258° (u. Zers.) als das Hauptprodukt, dessen Konstitution als N-Benzoyloxy-3, 6-dinitrocarbostyril festgestellt wurde. Das letztere entsteht auch bei analoger Nitrierung von 3- bzw. 6-Nitrochinolin-N-oxyd mit Benzoylnitrat. 5-bzw. 7-Nitrochinolin-N-oxyd ergab bei ganz analoger Nitrierung mit Benzoylnitrat je ein isomeres Produkt von der Zusammensetzung C
16H
9O
7N
3, dessen Konstitution hochstwahrscheinlich 3, 5- bzw. 3, 7-Dinitro-N-benzoyloxycarbostyril ist.
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Eiji Ochiai, Chikara Kaneko
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
195-198
Published: March 20, 1959
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Die Nitrierung des 6-Methyl- bzw. 3-Bromchinolin-N-oxydes mit Benzoylnitrat verlauft prinzipiell ganz ahnlich wie beim Chinolin-N-oxyd. Es entsteht ein Mononitroderivat des entsprechenden Chinolin-N-oxydes und N-Benzoyloxycarbostyrils. Zu bemerken ist dabei, dass wegen der Blockierung der 3-bzw. 6-Stellung nur die Mononitrierung auf 6- bzw. 3-Stellung und keine weitere Nitrierung stattfindet.
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Kyosuke Tsuda, Kiyoshi Sakai
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
199-205
Published: March 20, 1959
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1-Methyl-3, 5-bis (athoxycarbonylmethyl)-piperidon- (4) (IV), welches durch Mannich-Reaktion hergestellt wird, liefert bei der katalytischen Reduktion die zwei stereoisomeren 4-Hydroxy-Verbindungen (Va und Vb). Es wird demnach gezeigt, dass die Struktur von (IV) als Meso-Form bezeichnet werden kann. Durch Tauschen des N-Methyl-Rests von (Va) bzw. (Vb) mit Benzoyl-Rest entsteht (VIIIa) bzw. (VIIIb). (VIIIa) kann mit 10-proz. HCl oder Ac
2O zum γ-Lacton ubergefuhrt werden. Dagegen wird aus (VIIIb) mit 10-proz. HCl nur die Hydroxy-dicarbonsaure erhalten. Die Struktur von (Va) bzw. (Vb) kann somit der cis, cis-Form bzw. trans, trans-Form zugeordnet werden. Bei der NaBH
4-Reduktion von (IV) entstenden nur die 4-Hydroxy-Verbindungen der trans, trans-Reihe. Ausserdem kann (Vb) mit SOCl
2 leicht zur 4-Chlor-Verbindung verwandelt werden. Es ist damit anzunehmen, dass (Va) bzw. (Vb) die Konstellation von 3e : 4a : 5e (XXa) bzw. 3e : 4e : 5e (XXb) besitzt.
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Seishi Takagi, Hisashi Tanaka, Minoru Yano, Katsunosuke Machida
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
206-208
Published: March 20, 1959
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Polymethylenebisthioureas were synthesized from diamines by two methods. In one method, diamines were converted into corresponding bisisothiocyante and then treated with ammonia. In the other method, benzoyl isothiocyanate was reacted with diamines and N-benzoyl derivatives obtained were decomposed to form bisthioureas. Better yield was achieved by the latter method. Polymethylenebisthiosemicarbazides and polymethylene-bis-thioureas were also synthesized. These compounds were submitted to pharmacological test as a possible ganglion blocker.
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Yoshiro Kobayashi
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
209-212
Published: March 20, 1959
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N-Benzoyldihydronichin (I) geht beim Behandeln mit Thionylchlorid in das epimere N-Benzoyldihydroepinichin (II) uber. (II) ergab beim Erhitzen mit Salzsaure das Dichlorhydrat des O-Benzoyldihydroepinichins (III), welches beim Befreien der Base mit Ammoniak wieder in (II) zuruckgeht. Diese Eigenschaften stimmen mit der mesoiden bzw. racemoiden Konfiguration bei 8 und 9 Kohlenstoffatomen des Dihydronichins bzw. Dihydroepinichins uberein.
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Atsuji Okano, Kazuhiko Hoji, Tosaku Miki, Akio Sakashita
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
212-221
Published: March 20, 1959
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Several new glycosides were isolated from digitalis seeds. Five substances, A-VI acetate, C-I', A-VII, B-II, and X
1, were obtained as crystals, and four substances, B-III, C-II, A-VII', and B-III', were obtained as a colorless powder. In accordance with their colorations and absorption spectra, it was assumed that A-VI, A-VII', B-III, and B-III' belong to gitoxigenin series, C-I' and C-II to digitoxigenin series, and B-II to digitanol series.
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Atsuji Okano, Kazuhiko Hoji, Tosaku Miki, Akio Sakashita
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
222-225
Published: March 20, 1959
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The structure of substance C-II, newly isolated by the writers and described in the preceding paper, was examined. This substance occurs as a crystalline powder, m.p. 238∼242°(Kofler, uncorr.), C
41H
64O
18·2H
2O ; [α]
20D-1.4° ; U.V. λ
EtOHmax 218 mμ (log ε 4.22). The sugar portion obtained by hydrolysis of Kiliani method was identified as fucose and glucose on paper chromatography. The partial decomposition of substance C-II afforded glucodigifucoside (digitoxigenin β-D-glucosido-β-D-fucoside), by elimination of one mole of glucose. The acetolysis of the acetate of substance C-II gave α-octaacetylcellobiose and it was established that substance C-II is digitoxigenin β-cellobiosido-β-D-fucoside. This is a new cardioglycoside and was named digifucocellobioside.
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Atsuji Okano, Kazuhiko Hoji, Tosaku Miki, Akio Sakashita
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
226-232
Published: March 20, 1959
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The structures of substance B-III and B-III', newly isolated from digitalis seeds, were examined. It was found that enzymatic hydrolysis of substance B-III afforded gitoroside, and a mild acid hydrolysis afforded gitoxigenin and new trisaccharide which consists of cellobiose and digitoxose. This sugar was named digilanidotriose. Therefore, substance B-III is formulated as gitoxigenin cellobiosido-digitoxoside, and was designated as gitorocellobioside. The partial decomposition of gitorocellobioside with a snail enzyme afforded a new diglycoside which is gitoxigenin glucosido-digitoxoside and this was designated as glucogitoroside. Substance B-III' was examined by the same method and was shown to be a new cardiotonic pentaglycoside which has a structure of gitoxigenin cellobiosido-tridigitoxoside, and was named gitoxin cellobioside.
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Kyosuke Tsuda, Shigeo Nozoe
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
232-238
Published: March 20, 1959
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By consecutive formylation, methylation, and deformylation, 4, 22-stigmastadien-3-one (IV) affords 2α-methyl-4, 22-stigmastadien-3-one (VII), while the same treatment of the 5α-dihydro compound (VIII) of (IV) gives the 2α-methyl derivative (XI), which agrees with the reduction product of (VII) with lithium in liquid ammonia. The same treatment of the 5β-dihydro compound (XIIIa) of (IV) forms the 4β-methyl derivative (XXa). These experimental results are consistent with the general rule that the 2-position in 3-oxo-5α-steroids and 4-position of 3-oxo-5β-steroids are active.
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Kyosuke Tsuda, Shigeo Nozoe
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
238-240
Published: March 20, 1959
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Formylation of progesterone (I) gives the 2, 21-bis (hydroxymethylene) compound (II) and 2-hydroxymethylene compound (III). Methylation of (III) and subsequent deformylation affords 2α-methylprogesterone (V). Formylation of the 5α-dihydro compound (VIII) of (I) results in the sole formation of the 2-hydroxymethylene compound (IX), and its methylation followed by deformylation gives the 2α-methyl derivative (VI). On the contrary, the 5β-dihydro compound (X) of (I) affords only the 4, 21-bis (hydroxymethylene) compound (XI).
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Yoshinobu Sato
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
241-247
Published: March 20, 1959
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2-Cyanomethyl-3-methoxymethylpyridine and ethyl (3-methoxymethyl-2-pyridyl) acetate were prepared from ethyl 2-methylnicotinate. Condensation of these compounds with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate afforded 1, 3-bis (ethoxycarbonyl)-9-methoxymethyl-4-oxo-4H-quinolizine and 1-cyano-3-ethoxycarbonyl-9-methoxymethyl-4-oxo-4H-quinolizine. The ethoxycarbonyl group in these compounds was saponified and further decarboxylated on being heated with hydrochloric acid. A more drastic condition easily afforded 3, 6-dioxo-1H, 3H, 6H-pyrano [3, 4, 5-i, j] quinolizine.
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Yoshinobu Sato
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
247-251
Published: March 20, 1959
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Three-step reduction of 3, 6-dioxo-1H, 3H, 6H-pyrano [3, 4, 5-i, j] quinolizine (I) and a compound derived from it, 3, 6-dioxo-2-methyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H, 6H-pyrido [3, 4, 5-i, j] quinolizine (III), respectively afforded perhydropyrano [3, 4, 5-i, j] quinolizine (XVI) and 2-methylperhydropyrido [3, 4, 5-i, j] quinolizine (XIX). It was concluded that both compounds possess the cis-quinolizidine ring.
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Hisashi Tanaka, Minoru Yano, Katsunosuke Machida
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
252-253
Published: March 20, 1959
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Tatsuo Ohta, Toshio Miyazaki, Teruo Ninomiya
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
254-255
Published: March 20, 1959
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The presence of sarcinene and sarcinaxanthin was postulated in a Staphylococcus citreus strain.
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Eiji Ochiai, Masayuki Ishikawa
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
256-258
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Tomoharu Okuda
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
259-262
Published: March 20, 1959
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Shigehiko Sugasawa, Sanya Akaboshi, Yoshio Ban
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
263-264
Published: March 20, 1959
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Yoshio Sasakawa
1959 Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages
265
Published: March 20, 1959
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