New Cold War has begun. Chinese President Xi Jinping declared to build world-class military at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on October 2017. Xi emphasized the New Era for China at the Defense White Paper on July 2019. On the other hand, the United States preserved the Peace Through Strength at the National Security Strategy on December 2017. This paper clarifies how the U.S. and Chinese described operational concept in the era of New Cold War.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate local government plans from the perspective of improving urban resilience using the“ Resilient Cities Framework” and“ City Resilience Index” developed by the Rockefeller Foundation and Orve Allp & Partners. We conducted a survey of materials published on the plans and policies of each local government. We investigated whether they correspond to the goals of“ City Resilience Framework” and “City Resilience Index”. The result was expressed as a radar chart. Since existing evaluation systems have limitations, it is necessary to develop a resilience evaluation system unique to Japan in the future.

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This study is about active withdrawal utilizing knowledge. When a company expands overseas, it uses the analytical framework accumulated in fields such as multinational corporation theory and international management to enter the local country. However, because of changes in the business environment, overseas expansion does not always proceed as analyzed. Therefore, what we need is“ strategic withdrawal”. The management team does not passively withdraw from overseas markets, but assumes risks related to withdrawal in advance, and if it can carry out active withdrawal, it will lead to sustainable growth and competitive advantage of the company. This study first clarifies the “risk of withdrawal in overseas business” that can be assumed before entering the market and the“ risk of difficulty in withdrawal” that should be assumed after entering the overseas market. Next, this study considers the withdrawal as an active competence restructuring -knowledge-based active withdrawaland reveals the strategic withdrawal process in overseas businesses.

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Mega events attract global attention and generate huge economic effects from activities such as infrastructure development and inbound tourism. On the other hand, there are risks of disruption to business operations due to rapid increases in the number of people and goods in the venue and surrounding areas. This paper examines risks and countermeasures for corporate activities in mega events from perspectives of commuting, logistics, and terrorism, based on the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics in 2020 as well as past events.

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