Aging is becoming one of a big problem in advanced countries, thus development of medicine treating or preventing dementia is carried out since incidence of the disease is raised higher along with aging. We tried to find the components inducing neuronal differentiation from 57 kinds of traditional medicinal plants in Myanmar. From the results of evaluation of cytotoxicity and induction of phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in PC12 cells by 171 extracts from 57 species of traditional medicinal plants in Myanmar, only three kinds of Croton tiglium L. extracts and ethyl acetate extract of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex kurz, showed both of low-cytotoxicity and phosphorylation of ERK1/2. It was deduced that neuronal differentiation was induced by C. tiglium methanol extract, because it up-regulated both neurite outgrowth and expression of neurofilament-M (NFM). On the other hand, from the results using three mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, it was considered that phosphorylation of five kinases (ERK1/2, p38MAPK, c-jun N-terminal kinas (JNK), ERK5, and Akt) and three kinases (ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and JNK) were necessary for neuronal differentiation by NGF and C. tiglium methanol extract, respectively. Water soluble polymer such as proteins is not contained in C. tiglium methanol extract, though the neuronal differentiation induction was shown by it. Therefore, there is a possibility that the taken active components from C. tiglium are carried by blood flow followed by transportation to the brain.

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Let S be a set of propositional logical symbols containing → (the implication), Γ be a set of S-formulas and H_S + Γ be the smallest S-logic, i.e., H_S + Γ is the smallest set of S-formulas such that H_S + Γ is closed under taking modus ponens and substitutions and H_S + Γ contains Γ as well as the provable S-formulas in the intuitionistic propositional logic. In this paper, we give an algebraic characterization of the following condition by using Horn’s construction:³⁾ H + Γ is a conservative extension over H_S + Γ. Also, we give alternative proofs for some Khomich’s theorems^{8, 9, 12)} by applying this characterization.

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The 4050 cocliques, of length 22, of the McLaughlin graph Γ are classified into 8 types.^{6, 7)} Using this, we construct an involution σ in the automorphism group Aut(Γ) and give a proof of Aut(Γ) ≅ McL: 〈σ〉. Here McL is the simple McLaughlin group.

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By the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake, a great amount of disaster waste and tsunami deposit was produced. Authors aimed to apply the research findings to reclaimed ground for housing land using useless disaster wastes. In this paper, firstly, laboratory element tests were performed to verify the mechanical properties. Secondary, field tests were performed after the results of the laboratory test were discussed about those mechanical properties. Finally, vibration mitigation performance of reclaimed ground made up of disaster wastes was confirmed by seismic analysis. From series of discussions, it is shown that disaster wastes were able to use practically to a reclaimed ground which has vibration mitigating performance against earthquake.

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