巻号一覧
19 巻 (1954)
- 4 号 p. 255-
- 2-3 号 p. 97-
- 1 号 p. 1-
19 巻, 2-3 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1～17を表示しています
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J. M. J. de Wet1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 97-103
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリーThe chromosome numbers of 47 species belonging to 29 genera have been counted. Of these 38 species and 10 genera were previously unknown cytologically. The following genera have been investigated for the first time cytologically: Enneapogon (n=12); Pogonarthria (n=10); Triraphis (n=10); Acroceras (n=9); Rhynchelytrum (n=9); Schizachyrium (n=10); Urochloa (n=10); Bothriochloa (n=10); Dichanthium (n=10); and Hemarthria (n=10). The genus Aristida is characterized by two basic chromosome numbers, n=11 and n=12. Two chromosome races have been observed in Hyparrhenia hirta, 30 chromosome diploids and 45 chromosome tetraploids. H. aucta with 2n=20 seems to be characterized by a basic chromosome number of n=10.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (372K) -
Carl C. Lindegren, G. Fred Townsend1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 104-109
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1768K) -
Atuhiro Sibatani, Hiroto Naora1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 110-116
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリーIt was demonstrated that the dark cells and light cells encountered in fixed sections of some normal and injured livers can artificially be produced by immersing liver slices in distilled water. The formation of these cells is not brought about by the action of distilled water per se but rather represents an artefact caused by fixation with formalin-containing fixatives, being readily realized at a certain level of cell injuries. The strong stainability of the dark cell and the weak one of the light cell seem to be due to the change in volume rather than in quantity of stainable materials of cells. A possibility of changes in the intensity of nuclear and cytoplasmic staining caused by the unmasking of stainable groups was suggested.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3375K) -
Kakurô Horié1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 117-129
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリー1. When a cell of Hydrodictyan was placed in a 1 molar sucrose solution its shrinkage soon occurred and finally it was squeezed flatly to band-like form without causing any separation between the cell membrane and cytoplasm. This may be explained as to be due to the impermeability of the cell membrane to sucrose.
2. The impermeability of the cell membrane to sucrose, however, is not absolute, because the shrinkage of the membrane does not continue so long and the normal stretched state recovers again in a long time. The time required for the recovery in solutions of equal osmotic concentration is available as a relative measure of permeability of cell membrane.
3. The cell membrane permeability of Hydrodictyon to sucrose is influenced by the hydrogen ion concentration of the medium. It reaches the maximum in the region near pH 7.0 and the minimum between pH 2 and 4. This may probably be explained by the assumption that the hydration degree of the cell membrane depends on the pH-values. The membrane permeability is lower in the younger cell and higher in the adult one.
4. The permeability of the cell membrane to organic substances was studied. Small molecular volume and the high surface activity of the solutes are outstanding factors to permit them to pass readily through the cell membrane.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2403K) -
G. Fred Townsend, Alvin Sarachek, Carl C. Lindegren1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 130-132
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1663K) -
T. S. Raghavan1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 133-143
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリーA brief reference to the cyto-genetical peculiarities of sugarcane is made as affecting the methods adopted in its breeding. Diploid parthenogenesis, with and without chromosome elimination, has been observed in S. robustum and Co. 602. This is likely to play an important part in the origin and establishment of new chromosomal races, as well as in breeding. Some of the Co. canes derived from crossing are now suspected to be parthenogenetic derivatives. This along with cytoplasmic inheritance that is now known to be present in some of the sugarcanes, makes it necessary to bestow more care to the mother than to the staminate parent in sugarcane breeding.
The formation of diploid eggs is believed to be due to post-meiotic endomitosis of the spore tetrad. Hence the variations in the parthenogenetic seedlings. Eggs with unexpected chromosome number presumably owe their origin to chromosome elimination associated with duplication of the function-ing group. Such eggs are also shown to take part in fertilisation besides giving rise to parthenogenetic seedlings. The presence of a large element of chance in sugarcane breeding seems inevitable and cannot be eliminated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (6882K) -
Sterling Emerson1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 144-151
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1977K) -
II. Offsprings from haploid individuals of riceYoshiwo Katayama1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 152-156
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (2319K) -
Donald W. Barton1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 157-175
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリーCytological analysis at pachytene of F1 tomato plants from X-ray and ultraviolet pollen treatment has established that there is a higher proportion of deficiencies to translocations following ultraviolet treatment than following X-ray treatment. These results are in agreement with previously-reported research on maize.
In contrast with previous reports from maize, both X-ray and ultraviolet treatment produced both terminal and interstitial deficiencies in tomato chromosomes. It is suggested that the high proportion of interstitial to terminal deficiencies results from the high selective effect imposed by pro-ximally-localized breakage resulting in long haplo-lethal deficiencies
Chromosome breakage, as observed in F1 plants, was highly localized in the chromatic regions of the chromosomes following both X-ray and ultraviolet treatment. A consideration of the cyclic behavior of the chromatic and achromatic regions leads to the proposition that greater chromatin volume at the time of applied radiation results in a greater frequency of breakage (or less restitution) in the chromatic regions than in the achromatic regions.
The cytological behavior of a number of translocations and deficiencies is discussed. Of particular interert is the cytological behavior of two deficiencytranslocations produced by ultraviolet radiation. One of these is accompanied by an iso-chromosome which exhibits normal centromeric activity with a submicroscopic centromere. In the other case, rebreakage of a translocated achromatic chromosome segment following chiasma formation provided evidence of the cycly of the achromatic regions through meiotic stages.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4525K) -
J. M. J. de Wet1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 176-181
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリーThe lengths of the stomatal cells were measured in thirty-seven species of Danthonia. In twenty-four the chromosome numbers were known; 18 of these were cultivated and the chromosome numbers ascertained. Arranging the species in order of increasing stomatal length it is seen that D. curva, with only 12 chromosomes, has the smallest stomata that D. cirrata, with 72 chromosomes has the longest stomata. Between these two extremes, however, there is not always a correlation between increase in stomatal size and increase in chromosome number. For this reason the species were grouped according to anatomical characteristics and countries of origin. After this was done a correlation between stomatal size and degree of polyploidy became evident. This leads one to conclude that stomatal size may easily be used erroneously as a cytological criterion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (321K) -
K. I. Hanaoka1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 182-190
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリー1. Administration of a 0.025% solution of thiourea to tadpole of Rana temporaria prevented metamorphosis and produced a definite hypertrophy in the thyroid gland as well as in the hypophysis. Histological changes observed in the affected glands correspond in general to those reported by previous authors, but they persisted intact for more than 6 months of treatment.
2. Treatment with 0.1% or 0.2%o solution of the same drug produced in tadpoles of Rana temporaria a relatively high percentage of hermaphroditic males whose testes contained various numbers of young ova.
3. Treatment with a 0.025% solution produced a marked excess of males. Statistical treatments show that sex reversal from female to male has occurred in this group of experimental animals.
4. Germ cell differentiation in the gonads of treated animals proceeded far ahead of that in the control animals; in the testes of Rana temporaria, bundles of spermatozoa were observed as early as September of the first year. Larvae of Hynobius lichenatus also exhibited an accelerated differentiation of germ cells in both males and females.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2549K) -
C. R. Burnham, F. H. White, R. Livers1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 191-202
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリーThirty-four chromosomal interchanges are reported, the result of X-raying of seeds of barley. One line had two separate rings of four chromosomes each.
Pollen abortion in plants with one ring ranged in different lines from 14 to 58 per cent, the average being 28.8. The search for a line with rings but no pollen abortion was unsuccessful, however, the number of lines ex-amined was not large.
Stocks homozygous for the interchange have been established for 28 of the 34 lines. The use of a tester set of five interchanges in identifying the chromosomes involved in new interchanges is illustrated. The chromosomes have been labeled temporarily by the letters a through g. The testers are a-b, b-d, c-e, e-f, and c-d, the last being needed to identify only certain combinations.
Trisomics have been identified in the progeny of plants heterozygous for an interchange, the configuration at meiosis being a chain of 5 chromosomes.
The g chromosome carries the large satellite, confirming the result of Hagberg and Tjio.
Linkage tests with different interchanges involving only one chromosome in common indicate that the e chromosome carries linkage group IV, f carries group V. b carries group III.
Their usefulness in supplementing the genetic linkage markers in tests to locate new genes is illustrated.
They will make it possible to test and establish the independence of the 7 linkage groups; to identify each linkage group with its chromosome. Studies which are in progress to determine the breakage points in the chromosomes and in the linkage groups will make them usable for special problems.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (751K) -
Takao Nishida1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 203-216
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリー1. Studies on the Golgi bodies, the mitochondria and the special granules in the Sertoli cells were made. White rats and mice were used mainly as the material. Besides, cattle, dogs, pigs, rabbits and guinea pigs were employed for the purpose of comparison.
2. The Golgi apparatus of the Sertoli cells consists of separate Golgi bodies. Of these, there are two distinct types, the larger and the smaller. Golgi bodies of the larger type are found near the basal end of the cells, while those of the smaller are evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Both of them consists of an externum, impregnable with silver or osmium, and an internum which is not, though with exceptions, blackened by either of them. The binary nature of the smaller Golgi bodies is also revealed in living cells under the phase microscope.
3. The Golgi bodies in the Sertoli cell are lacking or very few when the sperms are free in the lumen. They appear or increase in number with the formation of the spermatids of the following period and their number is the largest about the time when typical sperm heads are shaped. Then, they begin to decrease again when mature sperms move lumenwards. Thus, it may be said that they are more abundant when the Sertoli cell is physiologically active.
4. Throughout the present work no typical Golgi networks are found. In metallic impregnation slides, the Golgi bodies of the smaller type are spherules, platelets and filaments with bizarre contours and those of the larger are globules with elaborate processes. These varied forms are interpreted to be a result of manifold variations in form during the fixation, undergone by the Golgi bodies, which are spherical droplets, constituted mainly of lipoid, in the living cells. This is shown to be the case by the experiment of myelin figure formation. The lipoidal nature of the Golgi bodies are evident, as they are stained with Sudan black and by Ciaccio's, Smith-Dietlich's and Yamada-Hotta's methods.
5. The mitochondria of the Sertoli cells are either rods or spherules in form and are evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm, Closer observation reveals, however, that they are arranged in rows parallel to the proximodistal axis of the cell. Sometimes, mitochondrial rows are seen to be in direct continuity between two adjacent Sertoli cells, proving that there exists a real cytoplasmic connection between them. There is no difference as regards the form, the distribution and the orientation in the cell and the stainability of the mitochondria in different stages of the spermatogenesis.
6. There are special granules, about 10 micron in diameter, in the the Sertoli cell, which are stained vigorously with neutral red. They are supposed to be related to the function of the Sertoli cell of disposing of the bits of cytoplasm, which are cast off by the spermatids during the spermiogenesis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (6373K) -
Sajiro Makino, Paul H. Baldwin1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 217-224
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (404K) -
Tosihide H. Yosida1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 225-238
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリーThe chromosomal characteristics of the tumor cells in the Takizawa quinone-carcinoma and the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma of mice are described. The former is an usual solid tumor and the latter is an ascites tumor. It was found that these two mouse tumors were characterized by possessing tumor stem-cells having sub-tetraploid chromosome numbers, most frequently 75 to 80. The tumor stem-cells of both tumors are remarkable by having their own characteristic chromosome complex. They multiply showing normal mitotic behavior. From the results of observations of the mitotic behavior of the tumor stem-cells in the course of a transplant generation, it can be said that the stem-cells play an important role in the growth of the tumor. Their presence is responsible for the transmission of the tumor in succesive transplantations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2437K) -
V. Über das zytologischen Verhalten des Artbastardes zwischen Bletilla striata (n=16) und Bl. formosana (n=18)Tadamasa Miduno1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 239-248
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリーBei der Reduktionsteilung des vorliegenden Bastardes zeigen alle 16 haploiden Chromosomen von Bl. striata die beständige Paarung mit den 16 unter den 18 haploiden Chromosomen von Bl. formosana. Daraus läßt sich die Homologie zwischen den jede Paarung bildenden Chromosomen beider Arten schließen.
In der I-M, kommen zwei Chromosomen von Bl. formosana als Univalente vor and bilded nie ein Trivalente mit irgendeinem Bivalenten. Daraus läßt sich vermuten, daß jedes Univalente weder im ganzen noch teilweise mit irgeneinem Chromosom homolog ist.
Aus dem Befunde sowohl des Verhaltens der betreffenden Univalenten wahrend der Reduktionsteilung wie auch der Zahlenverhältnisse von den 16-, 17-, and 18-chromosomigen Pollen wird es gefolgert, daß die Univalenten während des Verlaufs der Reduktionsteilung oder der ersten postmeiotischen Teilung entweder vor oder nach ihrer Längsspaltung degenerieren and sich verlieren können.
Das Vorkommen der Pollen mit der ungefähr diploiden (±32) Chromosomenzahl wurde auf die in der II-Teilung aufgetretene Vereinigung der Metaphasen- oder Anaphasenplatten zurückgeführt.
Für das Manuskript hat der Verfasser von Herrn Prof. Y. MORI hiesiges Institutes Hilfe erfahren and möchte hier ihm dafür seinen herzlichsten Dank aussprechen.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1320K) -
I. Die jungen Prothallien von Polystichum craspedosorum DielsNoriko Yamasaki1954 年 19 巻 2-3 号 p. 249-254
発行日: 1954/10/05
公開日: 2009/03/19
ジャーナル フリーDie Chromosomenzahl von Polystichum crospedosorum wurde bei der Prothallienzelle als n=40 festgestellt. Die Sporen dieses Farnes wurden in der 0.5%igen, wässerigen Colchicinlösung ausgesät and einige mißgebildete Prothallien erhalten, wie von ROSENDAHL berichtet ist. Bei diesen mißgebildeten Prothallien konnte die Verfasserin die Chromosomenzahl als n=ca. 77 also ungefähr die doppelte Zahl der bei der Kontrolle beobachteten feststellen. Folglich kann man die Mißbildung der Prothallien als ein Anzeichen der Chromosomenverdoppelung ansehen.
Die Korrelation zwischen der Chloroplastenzahl in einer Zelle and dem Oberflächenraum derselben Zelle wurde geprüft and man konnte die schwache Korrelation zwischen ihnen bei den behandelten and den unbehandelten Materialien finden.
Die Untersuchung wurde auf Anregung des Herrn Prof. T. MIDUNO von hiesigem Institut ausgeführt. Es sei mir gestattet, an dieser Stelle ihn für die stete Förderung and Unterstützung bei meiner Arbeit herzlich zu danken; auch babe ich von Herrn Prof. Y. MORI für das Manuskript and noch von Herrn Prof. I. TAJIMA für die statistische Rechnung bei meiner Arbeit dankenswerte Hilfe erfahren抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2598K)
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