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Volume 78, Issue 3
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Kei H. Kojo, Hiroki Yasuhara, Nastumaro Kutsuna, Seiichiro HasezawaArticle type: Technical note
2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 203-204
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (628K) -
Puntivar Kaewmad, Alongklod Tanomtong, Thanawhat Kaewboribut, Weeranuc ...2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 205-211
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis research was the first karyological analysis of the black crowned crane (Balearica pavonina) and the scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata). Two specimens of B. pavonina (one male and one female) and two specimens of L. punctulata (one male and one female) were obtained from Nakhon Ratchasima Zoo, Thailand. After using the standard peripheral blood lymphocyte culture method at 41°C for 72 h in the presence of colchicine, the metaphase spreads were performed on microscopic slides and air-dried. A conventional staining technique was applied to stain the chromosomes. The results showed that the diploid chromosome number of B. pavonina is 2n=80. The chromosomes have two sizes; 11 pairs of macrochromosomes and 29 pairs of microchromosomes were observed. The macrochromosomes consist of 14 metacentric, 6 submetacentric, and sex chromosomes. The Z chromosome is a medium metacentric chromosome and the W chromosome is a small metacentric chromosome. The diploid chromosome number of L. punctulata is 2n=72. The chromosomes have two sizes; 10 pairs of macrochromosomes and 25 pairs of microchromosomes were observed. The macrochromosomes consist of 2 metacentric, 4 submetacentric, 2 acrocentric, 10 telocentric, and sex chromosomes. The Z chromosome is a small metacentric chromosome and the W chromosome is the smallest metacentric chromosome.View full abstractDownload PDF (506K) -
Wilailuk Khrueanet, Weerayuth Supiwong, Chanidaporn Tumpeesuwan, Sakbo ...2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 213-222
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSWe report the first chromosome analysis and localization of the nucleolar organizer region of the land snail Sarika resplendens (Philippi 1846) in Thailand. The mitotic and meiotic chromosome preparations were carried out by directly taking samples from the ovotestis. Conventional and Ag-NOR staining techniques were applied to stain the chromosomes. The results showed that the diploid chromosome number of S. resplendens is 2n=66 and the fundamental number (NF) is 132. The karyotype has the presence of six large metacentric, two large submetacentric, 26 medium metacentric, and 32 small metacentric chromosomes. After using the Ag-NOR banding technique, one pair of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) was observed on the long arm subtelomeric region of chromosome pair 11. We found that during metaphase I, the homologous chromosomes show synapsis, which can be defined as the formation of 33 ring bivalents, and 33 haploid chromosomes at metaphase II as diploid species. The karyotype formula of S. resplendens could be deduced as:
(2n=66): Lm6+L2sm+Mm26+Sm32View full abstractDownload PDF (451K) -
Krit Pinthong, Bhuvadol Gomontean, Bungon Kongim, Suthip Khakhong, Taw ...2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 223-234
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSWe report the first cytogenetic comparison of four grouper genera from Thailand. Kidney cell samples were taken from the blueline hind (Cephalopholis formosa), humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis), orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), and leopard coralgrouper (Plectropomus leopardus). The mitotic chromosome samples were prepared directly from the kidney cells. Conventional and Ag-NOR staining techniques were applied to stain the chromosomes. The results showed that diploid chromosome numbers of Ce. formosa, Cr. altivelis, E. coioides, and P. leopardus were 2n=48 for all species, and the fundamental numbers (NF) were 52, 52, 50, and 48, respectively. The presence of metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, and telocentric chromosomes were 2-0-2-44, 0-2-2-44, 0-0-2-46, and 0-0-0-48, respectively. After the Ag-NOR banding technique, one pair of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) was observed on the short arm telomeric region of chromosome pair No. 2 in Ce. formosa, on the short arm telomeric region of chromosome pair No. 18 in Cr. altivelis, on the short arm telomeric region of chromosome pair No. 20 in E. coioides, and on the long arm subcentromeric region of chromosome pair No. 20 in P. leopardus. The karyotype formula could be deduced as Ce. formosa (2n=48): La2+Lt28+Mt16+S2m; Cr. altivelis (2n=48): La2+Lt24+M2sm+Mt8+St2; E. coioides (2n=48): Lt28+Ma2+Mt16+St2; and P. leopardus (2n=48): Lt24+Mt24.View full abstractDownload PDF (681K) -
Dalvir Kaur, Puneet Kumar, V. K. Singhal2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 235-242
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSChromosome counts, detailed meiotic course, microsporogenesis, and pollen fertility studies have been carried out in two species of Trigonella, T. emodi Benth. and T. pubescens Edgew. ex Baker collected from the Kinnaur and Chamba districts of Himachal Pradesh (India). Both of the species from Kinnaur have been studied cytologically for the first time. T. pubescens which showed a diploid count of n=8 is recorded chromosomally for the first time worldwide. Both of the species depicted the occurrence of chromatin transfer involving 2–12 pollen mother cells (PMCs) in 15.88–62.88% cases. The partial or complete chromatin transfer resulted in the formation of hypoploid-, hyperploid, and enucleated PMCs. Also, the migration of nucleolus along with chromatin material resulted in PMCs with supernumerary nucleoli. In addition to the migration of chromatin, PMCs also showed late disjunction of some bivalents, lagging of chromosomes, and chromatin bridges during anaphases/telophases. Consequent to these meiotic irregularities, sporads with micronuclei, pollen sterility (9–62.00%), and apparently fertile pollen grains of two different sizes were obtained. In both the species, the occurrence of cytomixis has been reported for the first time and it seems to be a natural phenomenon under direct genetic control.View full abstractDownload PDF (372K) -
Mariana Bozina Pine, Raquel Bonzine Gallo, Bruno Clarkson, Nelson Fer ...2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 243-248
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe family Hydrophilidae is the largest group of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea to which the largest aquatic Polyphaga are allocated. Phylogenetic studies based on morphological characters suggest that in Hydrophilidae, specifically in Hydrophilini, the body size is related to the group evolution. Despite these morphological analyses, cytogenetic studies of this family are scarce, and there is not a correlation of morphologic and cytogenetic data outlined for this group. In this paper, we analyzed seventeen specimens of Tropisternus mutatus sapucay Fernández & Bachman from rivers from two localities in Southern Brazil. Chromosome analyses showed 2n=18 with a sex chromosome system of the Xyp type (2n=18=16+Xyp). All the autosomes, including the Xp chromosome, were metacentric. The basal number and the possible divergence among the different Hydrophilidae species analyzed to date, as well as the phylogeny proposed for Hydrophilini, are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (370K) -
Yoshikazu Hoshi, Tatsuro Yahata, Hikaru Kamigomori, Akiko Soejima2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 249-254
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSRAPD analysis was carried out using 60 random primers to investigate molecular genetic characterization of the amphidiploid Aster microcephalus var. ovatus and its presumable diploid parents. One of the presumable parents, A. iinumae, possesses S-type karyotype consisting of shorter chromosomes, which is considered to be derived from L-type karyotype consisting of longer chromosomes, characteristic to another presumable parent, A. ageratoides. In all, 611 reproducible fragments were amplified, and the fragment-band size range was from 50 to 12000 bp in the three species. Cluster analysis of RAPD data showed that the three species had quite similar genetic distances from each other with high values. The karyotypes of both Aster ageratoides and A. microcephalus var. ovatus include a set of L-type chromosomes, and the two species possess about 100 specific RAPD bands in common. The common band number between A. ageratoides and A. microcephalus var. ovatus was quite higher than those between A. ageratoides and A. iinumae, and between A. iinumae and A. microcephalus var. ovatus. This indicates that many fragments found in the L-type chromosomes do not exist in the S-type chromosomes, which could have caused chromosome size reduction from L-type to S-type.View full abstractDownload PDF (302K) -
Yogesh Jangonda Koli, Sunil Madukar Gaikwad, Dilip Laxman Bharmal, Gan ...2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 255-260
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSChromosome analysis was performed in six grasshopper species of the family Acrididae, viz., Acrida exaltata (2n=23+XO), Phlaeoba antennata (2n=23+XO), Gastrimargus africanus africanus (2n=23+XO), Parahieroglyphus bilineatus (2n=23+XO), Cyrtacanthacris tatarica (2n=23+XO), and Hieroglyphus banian (2n=23+XO), with X chromosome being the largest in the complement. Detailed karyotypic information regarding chromosome length, total complement length of chromosome set, and relative length were measured using the Micromeasure software.View full abstractDownload PDF (305K) -
B. R. Choudhary, P. Joshi2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 261-267
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSInterspecific hybridization is an important tool to elucidate intergenomic relationships, transfer characters across species, create genetic variability, and to develop synthetic amphidiploids. It has been widely used for improving Brassica. The present study was conducted to find out the crossability between Brassica juncea (AABB, 2n=36) and B. napus (AACC, 2n=38), analyze chromosome association in the F1 hybrids, and to estimate variability in F2 progenies of the cross. The crossability between B. juncea and B. napus was higher when B. juncea was used as the female parent. The hybrids, in general, were vigorous and intermediate in morphological attributes. The meiotic studies of F1 plants of cross B. juncea × B. napus (AABC, 2n=37) exhibited 10 bivalents in the majority of the pollen mother cells (PMCs) analyzed. A maximum of 14 bivalents in AABC hybrids and the presence of multivalent associations were attributed to the auto- and allosyndetic nature of pairing within and between the B and C genomes. In the F2 generation, a high percentage of plants resembling B. juncea type and transgressive segregation for many characters were found.View full abstractDownload PDF (260K) -
Mahin Afroz, Syeda Sharmeen Sultana, Sheikh Shamimul Alam2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 269-275
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe three morphological forms based on leaf structure, viz. the Peltate leaf form, the Ovate-lanceolate leaf form, and the Sagittate leaf form, belonging to Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.) Schott were cytogenetically studied after differential staining with orcein, CMA, and DAPI. Moreover, molecular analysis using RAPD was also undertaken. The three specimens were found to possess 2n=28 chromosomes. The centromeric formula was 12m+16sm in the Peltate leaf form, 22m+6sm in the Ovate-lanceolate leaf form, and 18m+10sm in the Sagittate leaf form. Different CMA- and DAPI banding patterns were found in the Peltate leaf form and the Sagittate leaf form. No CMA- or DAPI band was found in the Ovate-lanceolate leaf form. Heteromorphicity in respect of CMA- and DAPI band indicated deletion of GC- and AT- rich repeats from the respective homologue members of the Peltate and Sagittate leaf form. The Ovate-lanceolate leaf form was significantly different from the other two forms in respect of differential karyotype analysis. The satellite of the Sagittate leaf form and the Ovate-lanceolate leaf form showed preferential staining. Each form has a characteristic RAPD fingerprinting pattern. The Sagittate leaf form showed a number of different-sized unique RAPD fragments in different primer combinations and thus was placed in a different clade from the other two forms in the phylogenetic dendrogram. Therefore, each form could be characterized on the basis of karyotype and RAPD analysis. This information will be helpful in further elucidating the taxonomic rank of these three morphological forms of Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.) Schott.View full abstractDownload PDF (326K) -
Nusrat Sultana, Syeda Sharmeen Sultana, Sheikh Shamimul Alam2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 277-284
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThree aquatic angiospermic plants, namely, Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle. and two morphological forms of Egeria densa Planch. (dense leaf form and less dense leaf form), were studied cytogenetically and at the molecular level by using RAPD with five primer combinations. Hydrilla verticillata (2n=24) and Egeria densa (dense leaf form, 2n=16) showed distinct bimodal karyotypes. The smaller chromosome groups were metacentric in both the plants. The range of individual chromosome length for both bigger and smaller chromosomes groups was almost similar in these two plants. The total length of chromosome complement was about 1.5 times bigger in Hydrilla verticillata than in Egeria densa (dense leaf form). On the basis of RAPD finger-printing, these two plants were placed in the same cluster with very narrow genetic distance. This suggests that Hydrilla verticillata is actually an autotriploid of Egeria densa (dense leaf form). In contrast, the two forms of Egeria densa (dense leaf and less dense leaf form) were totally genomically different. Egeria densa (dense leaf form) was found to posses 2n=16 chromosomes, whereas 2n=24 chromosomes were found in Egeria densa (less dense leaf form). The “dense leaf form” has a distinct bimodal karyotype. In contrast, the “less dense leaf form” has a monomodal karyotype. The range of individual chromosome length of these two forms was also different. In Egeria densa (less dense leaf form), a pair of AT-rich secondary constriction bearing chromosomes was present, which was totally absent in the other form. Each specimen possessed distinct CMA-banding karyotypes. The RAPD fingerprinting placed these two forms in different clusters with a large genetic distance. The cytogenetical and RAPD data did not support placing the “dense leaf form” and “less dense leaf form” under the same species of Egeria densa. Therefore, a peer revisions for the taxonomic status of these three aquatic angiosperm is necessary.View full abstractDownload PDF (358K) -
Vivek Sharma, Raghbir C. Gupta, Santosh Bala, Bikram Singh2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 285-296
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis paper presents the meiotic analysis of 180 populations of 104 medicinally important plant species belonging to 68 genera of 32 families from North India. We present the world's first chromosome reports of the species Astragalus amherstianus (2n=16), Dactylorhiza hetagirea (2n=40), Euphrasia himalaica (2n=22), Gentiana kurroo (2n=26), Lonicera hypoleuca (2n=18), Saussurea albescens (2n=34), Scrophularia koelzii (2n=40), and Veronica biloba (2n=28). For Arnebia euchroma (2n=14), Campanula latifolia (2n=34), Chenopodium foliosum (2n=18), Clinopodium vulgare (2n=20), Hypericum perforatum (2n=64), Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (2n=36), Lappula barbata (2n=48), Lindelofia anchusoides (2n=24), Oxyria digyna (2n=14), Pedicularis longiflora (2n=14), Polygonum alpinum (2n=20), Polygonum cognatum (2n=60), Polygonum minus (2n=48), Polygonum polystachyum (2n=20), and Valeriana officinalis (2n=28), we show the first chromosome number reports from India. Barleria spinosa (2n=40), Campanula colorata (2n=34), Gentiana moorcroftiana (2n=26), Plantago erosa (2n=24), Potentilla supina (2n=28), Rumex nepalensis (2n=54), and Veronica hederifolia (2n=28) are reported with varied chromosome numbers.View full abstractDownload PDF (407K) -
Kazumasa Ikeda, Syunichi Sato, Hideyuki Matoba, Katsuya Nagano, Hirosh ...2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 297-303
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSChromosome numbers of four Trigonotis taxa, T. brevipes (2n=24), T. peduncularis (2n=54), T. radicans var. radicans (2n=28), and T. radicans var. sericea (2n=24), were investigated and reported here for the first time. Our findings suggest that the chromosome number of T. radicans var. radicans represents 2n=24+4, because four small chromosomes were distinguished among the total of 28. FISH techniques revealed 5S rDNA sites in different chromosomes with 18S rDNA sites in T. brevipes and T. peduncularis, but in the same chromosomes in the two varieties of T. radicans. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences further suggested that the chromosomal features of T. radicans are specific and perhaps derived from within the genus.View full abstractDownload PDF (331K) -
Anahita Shariat, Ghasem Karimzadeh, Mohammad Hassan Assareh2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 305-312
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSSavory is an annual or perennial semi-bushy aromatic plant cultivated for medicinal purposes. The karyology of five Iranian endemic Satureja (Lamiaceae) species collected from different locations was analyzed for the first time. In all species, the chromosome types were determined as mostly “m” and “sm”. Four species (Satureja bakhtiarica, S. khuzestanica, S. rechingeri, and S. sahandica) were diploids with a karyotype formula of either 2n=2x=30m or 28m+2sm, falling into categories 1A and 1B according to Stebbins, while S. specigera was tetraploid (2n=4x=58m+2sm), falling into category 1B. Satellites were observed in all species. The mean chromosome length (TL) in diploids was 1.56 μm, and 1.35 μm in tetraploids. This small size (<3 μm) of the chromosomes, along with the presence of only two morphometric chromosome types and the predominance of metacentrics (m), confirm a relatively high degree of karyotypic symmetry. We believe that such data will enhance the karyological knowledge of the genus Satureja, and will prove to be an important source of information for new research concerning this genus.View full abstractDownload PDF (372K) -
Yoshinobu Asai, Kazuhisa Takeda, Takamichi Kamiyama, Shigeru Ogawa2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 313-320
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIn some monocotyledonous plants, the generative cell of mature pollen grains possesses small, colored granules within its cytoplasm. However, the identity and origin of these colored granules have been unclear. We unexpectedly found that in Hymenocallis littoralis (Amaryllidaceae), the generative cell of mature pollen grains contained numerous reddish-brown granules. The present investigation was conducted to determine their origin and identity by light and electron microscopy. Most of the generative cells attached to pollen walls were pale red. At this stage, together with small vacuoles, crescent-shaped cavities each encircling some part of the cytoplasm and vacuoles containing cytoplasm appeared within the generative cell cytoplasm. The generative cell detached from the pollen wall and became reddish-brown and spindle shaped in mature pollen. The generative cell contained many small vacuoles. No chromoplasts and few lipid droplets were observed within the cytoplasm. The generative cell entered the pollen tube and divided into two sperm cells, each having many reddish-brown granules. These granules were stainable with neutral red. These results indicate that the reddish-brown granules correspond to small vacuoles and that their formation may commence prior to the detachment of the generative cell from the pollen wall, probably partly in association with autophagy.View full abstractDownload PDF (714K) -
Isamu Miyakawa, Kosuke Arata, Miki Matsunobu, Tomomi Inai2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 321-326
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe alkane-assimilating yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is an obligate aerobic yeast whose mitochondrial function is indispensable for its survival. However, little is known about the morphology of the mitochondria in Y. lipolytica grown on different carbon sources. During the course of our study, we found that routine methods for staining mitochondria and the mitochondrial nucleoids of S. cerevisiae cannot be successfully applied to Y. lipolytica cells grown on a hydrophobic substrate. In this report, we present modified methods for staining these structures in Y. lipolytica cells. We also show that marked development of the mitochondria was not observed in oleic acid-grown cells, as it was in glucose-grown cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (335K) -
Ranjana Thakur, D. C. Gautam2013 Volume 78 Issue 3 Pages 327-331
Published: September 25, 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 10, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSMoths belonging to the order Lepidoptera have high numbers of small-sized chromosomes which are holocentric. The modal chromosome number in Lepidoptera ranges from n=29 to n=31 but variations have also been found. This order has two types of sex determination systems: (i) WZ ♀; ZZ ♂ and (ii) OZ ♀; ZZ ♂. Lepidopterans are the subject of great interest because of the pest status of many of its species. The present work was undertaken to study the chromosomes of the following moth species from Himachal Pradesh: Cnaphalocrocis medinalis G., Euproctis chrysorrhoea L., Idaea aversata L., and Pygospila tyres C. The haploid chromosome numbers observed in C. medinalis, E. chrysorrhoea, I. aversata, and P. tyres were 30, 31, 26, and 28, respectively. The karyotypes of all the species showed holocentric chromosomes. A long pair of chromosomes was found in the karyotype of all species. Other chromosomes showed a gradual decrease in size or were almost of the same size.View full abstractDownload PDF (371K)
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