When the cationic liposomes containing DNA were prepared by the conventional lipid-film method, significant degradation and conformational change of DNA was observed during homogenization and sizing procedures, though DNA itself was relatively stable against these procedures. On the other band, when the freeze-dried empty liposomes (FDEL) method was used, no degradation, conformational change or loss of DNA was observed, and high transfection activity was obtained. These findings suggest that the FDEL method is very useful for preparation of liposomes containing DNA. If DNA/liposomes complex was formed using the commercialized cationic liposomes reagents, DNA was stable in the serum-containing medium but the structure of liposomes was disappeared. It was considered that this was the reason why serum-free medium had to be used for transfection. Among more than 300 formulations using the FDEL method, the novel cationic liposomes were developed which had higher transfection activity even in the serum-containing medium. In addition, the way of biodistribution control of cationic liposomes after intravenous administration is introduced in this paper.
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