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Timea WIMMER, Kurt-Jürgen ERDELT, Marlis EICHBERGER, Malgorzata ROOS, ...
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
717-724
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
Advance online publication: July 11, 2014
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This study evaluated and compared the influence of different supporting abutment models on the fracture loads of three-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) fabricated from the following materials (
n=24/material): (i) IPS e.max CAD-on, (ii) IPS e.max ZirCAD, and (iii) Telio CAD. Twelve FDPs of each group were adhesively cemented on a polymeric model and on a base metal alloy one. For the fracture load test the FDPs were loaded at the centre of the pontic (1 mm/min). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, two- and one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Scheffé test and Weibull statistics. Fracture loads were found to be affected by the choice of materials used for the abutment models. The fracture load for zirconia FDPs cemented on metal abutments was higher than on polymeric abutment group. In contrast, Telio CAD cemented on polymeric abutments presented higher fracture loads than group on base metal alloy support.
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Jian-min HAN, Hongyu ZHANG, Hyo-Sun CHOE, Hong LIN, Gang ZHENG, Guang ...
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
725-732
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
Advance online publication: July 09, 2014
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the abrasive wear and surface roughness of 20 currently available commercial dental composite resins, including nanofilled, supra-nanofilled, nanohybrid and microhybrid composite resins. The volume loss, maximum vertical loss, surface roughness (
Ra) and surface morphology [Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] were determined after wear. The inorganic filler content was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The result showed that the volume loss and vertical loss varied among the materials. The coefficients of determination (R
2) of wear volume loss and filler content (wt%) was 0.283. SEM micrographs revealed nanofilled composites displayed a relatively uniform wear surfaces with nanoclusters protrusion, while the performance of nanohybrid composites varied. The abrasive wear resistance of contemporary dental composite resins is materialdependent and cannot be deduced from its category, filler loading and composite matrix; The abrasive wear resistance of some flowable composites is comparable to the universal/posterior composite resins.
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Ali SHOKRANEH, Ali Reza FARHAD, Nastaran FARHADI, Masoud SAATCHI, Seye ...
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
733-738
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
Advance online publication: October 07, 2014
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The aim of the present study was to compare the antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide (CH), triantibiotic mixture (TAM), andCH in combination with chlorhexidine (CHX), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or colchicine (COL) against
Enterococcus faecalis (
E. faecalis) in surface and deep dentinal tubules. Seventy five fresh single-rooted human teeth were infected and divided into five experimental groups (
n=15). The experimental groups were treated with CH+distilled water, CH+CHX, CH+NaOCl, CH+COL+distilled water and TAM+distilled water. Dentin chips obtained from surface and deep dentin of these root canals were prepared and analyzed by counting the number of colony forming units. There was significant difference between groups in the surface dentin (
p<0.05). TAM showed higher antibacterial activity compared to CH-containing groups. There was no significant difference between TAM and CH-containing groups in the deep dentin (
p>0.05). CH-containing medications and TAM can be used as effective disinfectants in treatment of infected root canals.
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Geum-Jun HAN, Jae-Hoon KIM, Mi-Ae LEE, So-Yeon CHAE, Yun-Hee LEE, Byeo ...
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
739-748
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
Advance online publication: October 11, 2014
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Replacing glazing with polishing is still controversial in terms of the surface roughness of dental porcelains. This study investigated the polishing performance of a ceramic-polishing rubber wheel (CP-RW), which contains large uniform and rounded silicon carbide particles and small diamond particles, in improving the surface roughness of two feldspathic porcelains for sintering and CAD/CAM milling. Using a confocal laser scanning microscopy, the changes in the surface roughness parameters were evaluated before and after polishing or glazing for three surface treatment groups: SofLex polishing, CP-RW polishing, and Glazing. Regardless of the parameters, all treatments reduced roughness values (repeated measures ANOVA,
p<0.05). The roughness values obtained after CP-RW polishing were lower than those obtained after SofLex polishing and glazing (2-way ANOVA,
p<0.05). Polishing both ceramics with CP-RW made the surfaces smooth with the lowest roughness values in all parameters. The effect was dependent on the materials used.
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Mohammed A. ALFARSI, Stephen M. HAMLET, Saso IVANOVSKI
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
749-756
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
Advance online publication: October 11, 2014
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Titanium implant surface modification is a key strategy used to enhance osseointegration. Platelets are the first cells that interact with the implant surface whereupon they release a wide array of proteins that influence the subsequent healing process. This study therefore investigated the effect of titanium surface modification on the attachment and activation of human platelets. The surface characteristics of three titanium surfaces: smooth (SMO), micro-rough (SLA) and hydrophilic micro-rough (SLActive) and the subsequent attachment and activation of platelets following exposure to these surfaces were determined. The SLActive surface showed the presence of significant nanoscale topographical features. While attached platelets appeared to be morphologically similar, significantly fewer platelets attached to the SLActive surface compared to both the SMO and SLA surfaces. The SLActive surface however induced the release of the higher levels of chemokines β-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 from platelets. This study shows that titanium surface topography and chemistry have a significant effect on platelet activation and chemokine release.
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Esra CAN SAY, Haktan YURDAGUVEN, Emre OZEL, Mubin SOYMAN
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
757-763
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
Advance online publication: October 11, 2014
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the five-year clinical performance of a two-step self-etch adhesive in non-carious cervical sclerotic lesions with or without selective acid-etching of enamel margins. A total of 104 cervical restorations in 22 patients (46–64 years) were bonded following either self-etch approach (AdheSE non-etch) or a similar application, including selective acid-etching of enamel margins (AdheSE etch), and were restored with resin composite. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and after one, two, three and five-years (84 restorations in 19 patients) according to the USPHS criteria. Data were analyzed using McNemar’s test. Cumulative retention rates for the non-etch and etch groups were 82.6% and 86.1% respectively. No significant differences were detected in the retention rates, marginal adaptations at dentin side and secondary caries between the groups. After five-years, the clinical performance of the two-step self-etch adhesive with or without selective acid-etching of enamel margins, was acceptable.
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Selcuk SAVAS, Murat S. BOTSALI, Ebru KUCUKYILMAZ, Tugrul SARI
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
764-769
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
Advance online publication: October 11, 2014
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The aim of this study was to evaluate temperature changes in the pulp chamber during polymerization of four different pulpcapping materials using a LED-light-curing-unit in the contact and noncontact positions. A pulpal circulation mechanism was simulated to measure increases in temperature in four pulp-capping materials that were applied to the occlusal dentin surface. Two different distances were used between the tip of the unit and the material surface during polymerization; 0 and 2 mm. The data were statistically analyzed using factorial-ANOVA, one-way-ANOVA, and Tukey’s HSD test. There were statistically differences between contact and noncontact groups (
p<0.05). Contact groups produced significantly lower temperature rise compared with noncontact groups. The highest and lowest mean temperature increases were calculated for the Biner LC and the TheraCal LC, respectively. Considering the effects of temperature rising, the distance of the light curing units from restorations should not be overlooked as well as the types of the materials.
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Martha C. C. CASTRO, Fernanda T. SADEK, Eduardo BATITUCCI, Mauro S. MI ...
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
770-777
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
Advance online publication: October 11, 2014
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The bond strength of dental materials has been evaluated by tensile testing of micro-specimens. The cutting process used to obtain specimens may influence the results. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different types of diamond disks and cutting speeds on the bond strength of ceramic specimens and on specimen integrity. Lithium disilicate-based ceramic cubes were bonded with resin cement to composite resin cubes, according to the manufacturers’ instructions. The ceramic/cement/resin blocks thus obtained were divided into two groups to be cut with Buehler
® or Extec
® disks and then sectioned at cutting speeds of 200 rpm and 400 rpm. The results showed that the bond strength values were affected by the cutting speed and disk/speed interaction (
p<0.05). SEM analysis revealed better specimen properties when the blocks were cut at 200 rpm. It was concluded that ceramic specimens must be cut at low speeds.
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Min HE, Zutai ZHANG, Dongxiang ZHENG, Ning DING, Yan LIU
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
778-785
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
Advance online publication: October 11, 2014
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This study aims to investigate the effect of sandblasting on the surface roughness of zirconia and the shear bond strength of the veneering porcelain. Pre-sintered zirconia plates were prepared and divided into four groups. Group A were not treated at all; group B were first sandblasted under 0.2 MPa pressure and then densely sintered; group C and D were sintered first, and then sandblasted under 0.2 MPa and 0.4 MPa pressures respectively. Surface roughness was measured and 3D roughness was reconstructed for the specimens, which were also analyzed with X-ray diffractometry. Finally after veneering porcelain sintering, shear bond tests were conducted. Sandblasting zirconia before sintering significantly increased surface roughness and the shear bond strength between zirconia and veneering porcelain (
p<0.05). Sandblasting zirconia before sintering is a useful method to increase surface roughness and could successfully improve the bonding strength of veneering porcelain.
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Ali KELEŞ, Neslihan ŞIMŞEK, Hatice ALÇIN, Fuat AHMETOGLU, Saim YOLOGLU
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
786-791
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
Advance online publication: October 11, 2014
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This study evaluated the efficacy of the Self-Adjusting File (SAF) in removing the root filling remnants and smear layer left in oval shaped root canals after using R-Endo retreatment files, by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Forty eight maxillary premolars were prepared and the SAF was used in all of the teeth to remove debris and smear layer. Sixteen teeth were used as control and the other 32 teeth were obturated and randomly assigned to two groups according to the retreatment procedures: R-Endo retreatment files and R-Endo retreatment files+SAF. Then, all roots were split longitudinally for SEM evaluation. Using SEM pictures, the number of dentinal tubules and the surface area covered by filling remnants were evaluated. None of the techniques removed root filling remnants and smear layer completely. Additional use of SAF after the retreatment procedures may improve root canal cleanliness in the coronal and middle thirds of oval root canals.
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Ki-Yeon KIM, Taek-Ka KWON, Tae-Joo KANG, Jae-Ho YANG, Shin-Jae LEE, In ...
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
792-798
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
Advance online publication: October 11, 2014
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This study investigated the effect of digital veneering system (DVS) on strengthening the bond between a zirconia core and ceramic veneer. Specimens for Groups 1 (negative control), 2 (positive control), 3, and 4 used conventional porcelain veneering technique on untreated, sandblasted, coloring agent-treated, and modifier-treated zirconia cores respectively. Group 5 used DVS, where glass ceramic veneers —produced by computer-aided milling— were fused to zirconia cores. Microtensile bond strengths (MTBS) at the interface were measured. MTBS results of Groups 1 to 5, expressed in mean (standard deviation), were 28.1 (7.3), 27.8 (6.3), 30.0 (10.2), 32.9 (8.1), and 37.8 (8.1) MPa. The DVS group had significantly higher MTBS than the negative and positive controls (
p<0.05). Results showed that DVS enhanced the bond strength between zirconia core and ceramic veneer, indicating that this system could reduce adhesive failure-related complications that frequently occur at the zirconia core-veneer interface.
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Sandra GUERARD, Jean-Luc BAROU, Julien PETIT, Philippe POISSON
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
799-804
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
Advance online publication: October 11, 2014
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This study examined whether the thermo-modeling process suits the thermal properties of the material constituting mouth-formed mouthguards (MGs). Five mouth-formed MGs were compared: four commercially available MGs (SDI
TM, Gel Nano
TM, Opro Shield Gold
TM, and Kipsta R300
TM) and one prototype. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine melting (T
m) and crystallization (T
c) temperatures and specific fusion and crystallization enthalpies (∆H
f and ∆H
c (J/g)). MGs were modeled with recording of vestibular flange and occlusal cushion temperatures (Toccl). Tm ranged from 45.3°C to 53.0°C and Tc ranged from 40.9°C to 48.2°C. Specific heat of fusion ranged from 40.2 J/g to 62.0 J/g. Toccl was higher than Tm for all MGs except Kipsta R300
TM. Guidelines provided by manufacturers may not be adapted to thermal properties of the MG material. To ensure proper thermomodeling, heating and biting durations should be adjusted.
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Qiu LI, Nichola J. COLEMAN
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
805-810
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
Advance online publication: November 26, 2014
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This study examines the impact of 20 wt% zirconium oxide nanoparticles on the early hydration kinetics of white Portland cement by isothermal conduction calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy. The findings confirm that the nano-ZrO
2 particles do not directly participate in the chemical reactions during cement hydration; although, they do divert the normal hydration processes and accelerate the initial setting reactions. The rate of heat evolution and the extent of the exotherm associated with these reactions are reduced in the presence of nano-ZrO
2. The incorporation of nano-ZrO
2 into the cement also decreases the solubility of the silicate phases but does not compromise its capacity to release hydroxide ions. There was no observed difference in the antimicrobial activity of the nano-ZrO
2-blended and unblended cement pastes against
S. aureus and
E. coli; however, a modest reduction in this property was noted against
P. aeruginosa for the blended cement.
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Mai HARA, Yusuke TAKUMA, Toru SATO, Taku KOYAMA, Masao YOSHINARI
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
811-817
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
Advance online publication: November 05, 2014
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The wear performances of bovine tooth enamel (BTE) against translucent tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZP) compared to that of feldspar porcelain and the influence of surface treatments of translucent TZP were investigated by the two-body wear test. Translucent TZP and feldspar porcelain were used as hemisphere abrader specimens with a radius of curvature of 5 mm; flat BTE surfaces were used as substrate specimens. The cross-sectional area of the worn surfaces of the substrates and the wear volume of the antagonist abraders were measured. Surface roughness, hardness and coefficient of friction as well as SEM observations and EPMA analyses were also performed to investigate the underlying mechanism of wear. The results suggested that BTE is less susceptible to wear when translucent TZP is used as the antagonist in contrast to the use of feldspar porcelain, and that surface treatment of the TZP abraders significantly influenced the wear of BTE substrates.
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Takashi KAMEDA, Kazuo OHKUMA, Kazuto TERADA
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
818-827
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
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4-Methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride/methyl methacrylate-tri-n-butylborane (4-META/MMA-TBB) resin is widely used as a direct bonding adhesive for orthodontic appliances because of its strong bonding ability. However, its clinical disadvantages include long setting times and difficult debonding with subsequent residual adhesive left on the enamel surface. To resolve these problems, thermal heating was applied to orthodontic appliances. The setting time was dramatically reduced by thermal heating (160°C for 5 s), with the shear bond strength remaining the same as that stated in the manufacturer’s instructions. Debonding of appliances following thermal heating (160°C for 20 s) could be easily performed, decreasing the amount of adhesive left on enamel. These conditions were not accompanied by an increase in the heat pain threshold of pulpal dentin. These results suggest that the use of thermal heating in the bonding/debonding of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin may resolve its clinical weaknesses, making its ease of use similar to light-cured resin.
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Akiyoshi YAMAGAMI, Noriyuki NAGAOKA, Kumiko YOSHIHARA, Mariko NAKAMURA ...
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
828-834
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
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Anodic oxidation is used for the surface treatment of commercial implants to improve their functional properties for clinical success. Here we conducted ultrastructural and chemical investigations into the micro- and nanostructure of the anodic oxide film of a titanium implant. The anodic oxidized layer of a Ti6Al4V alloy implant was examined ultrastructurally by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). They were also analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The TEM revealed that the oxide layer of the Ti6Al4V implant prepared through anodic oxidation was separated into two layers. Al and V were not present on the top surface of the anodic oxide. This can be attributed to the biocompatibility of the anodic oxidized Ti6Al4V alloy implant, because the release of harmful metal ions such as Al and V can be suppressed by the biocompatibility.
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Yuko NAGASAWA, Yasushi HIBINO, Hiroshi NAKAJIMA
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
835-844
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
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This study was to examine the retentive force of crowns to implant abutments with commercial temporary cements. Six different temporary cements were investigated. Cast crowns were cemented to the abutments using each cement and their retentive forces to abutments were determined 7 or 28 days after cementing (
n=10). The retentive force of the cements to abutments varied widelyamong the products [27–109 N (7-day), 18–80 N (28-days)]. The retentive force of all the cements was not reduced as the time elapsed, except for two products tested. The polycarboxylate cements and paste-mixing type eugenol-free cements revealed comparable retentive force after 28 days of storage. The powder-liquid type cements showed a positive correlation (
p<0.05) between the retentive force and the shear strength, while a negative correlation (
p<0.05) was obtained for paste-mixing type cement between the retentive force and compressive strength. Mechanical strength of temporary cements could not be a prominent predicting factor for retention of the crowns on the abutments.
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Cho HAN-CHEOL, Masaharu HORI, Takakazu YOSHIDA, Naoko YAMADA, Yuko KOM ...
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
845-851
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
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Calcium phosphate is known as a major component of biological hard tissues. This study aimed to produce calcium phosphate by recycling kneaded surplus gypsum. β-dihydrate gypsum was derived from commercial dental β-hemihydrate gypsum, which was mechanically powdered and mixed with the liquid component of a commercial zinc phosphate cement. This mixture was fired at 1,200°C and evaluated by XRD analysis, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An acceptable ratio of mixing was 4 g of β-dihydrate gypsum powder to 1.5 mL of phosphoric acid liquid. XRD peaks were monotonic below 800°C, but new ß-TCP was formed by firing at 900°C or more, although TG-DTA analysis of synthetic ß-TCP suggested that some residual dihydrate gypsum remained in the sample. SEM images indicated a fused-block bone-like structure covered with phosphorus and calcium. These results suggest that production of synthetic β-TCP is possible through ecological techniques using recycled materials.
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Yu FURUYA, Shih-Hao HUANG, Yuko TAKEDA, Alex FOK, Mikako HAYASHI
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
852-858
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
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This study examined the effect of glass fiber posts on increasing the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Extracted upper premolars with two canals in a root were divided into three groups according to the number of posts they were restored with: none, one, or two. All teeth were endodontically treated, crown-sectioned, and restored with a composite core and a metallic crown. A static oblique load was applied to the restored tooth until fracture, and the fracture pattern was recorded. Stress distributions were examined by finite element analysis (FEA). Teeth with glass fiber post(s) showed significantly higher fracture loads compared with those without posts. In the premolars without posts, von Mises and maximum principal stresses were found on the root surface alone; in premolars restored with posts, stresses were distributed on both root and post surfaces. Risk of root dentin fracture was significantly lowest in teeth restored with two posts.
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Yukyo TAKADA, Masatoshi TAKAHASHI, Akira KIKUCHI, Taichi TENKUMO
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
859-864
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
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The corrosion resistance of different magnetic assemblies —Magfit DX800 (Aichi Steel), Gigauss D800 (GC), Hyper Slim 4013, and Hicorex Slim 4013 (Hitachi Metals)— were electrochemically evaluated using anodic polarization curves obtained in 0.9% NaCl solution at 37°C. Stainless steels (444, XM27, 447J1, and 316L) composing the magnetic assemblies were also examined as controls. This revealed that all of the magnetic assemblies break down at 0.6–1.1 V; however, their breakdown potentials were all still significantly higher (
p<0.05) than that of 316L. The distribution of elements in the laser welding zone between the yoke and shield ring was analyzed using EPMA; except with Magfit DX800, where the Cr content of the shield ring weld was greater than that of 316L. These magnetic assemblies are expected to have good corrosion resistance in the oral cavity, as their breakdown potentials are sufficiently higher than the 316L commonly used as a surgical implant material.
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Osamu SAIKI, Hiroyasu KOIZUMI, Hiroshi NOGAWA, Haruto HIRABA, Nobutaka ...
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
865-873
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of ceramic surface texture on the wear of rounded rod specimens. Plate specimens were fabricated from zirconia (ZrO
2), feldspathic porcelain, and lithium disilicate glass ceramics (LDG ceramics). Plate surfaces were either ground or polished. Rounded rod specimens with a 2.0-mm-diameter were fabricated from type 4 gold alloy and heat-pressed ceramics (HP ceramics). Wear testing was performed by means of a wear testing apparatus under 5,000 reciprocal strokes of the rod specimen with 5.9 N vertical loading. The results were statistically analyzed with a non-parametric procedure. The gold alloy showed the maximal height loss (90.0 µm) when the rod specimen was abraded with ground porcelain, whereas the HP ceramics exhibited maximal height loss (49.8 µm) when the rod specimen was abraded with ground zirconia. There was a strong correlation between height loss of the rod and surface roughness of the underlying plates, for both the gold alloy and HP ceramics.
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Koichi SHINKAI, Shiro SUZUKI
2014 Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages
874-879
Published: November 28, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: December 05, 2014
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The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cyclic impact loading (CIL) on the surface properties of flowable resin composites for posterior restorations. Cavities were filled with one of four flowable resin composites —Clearfil Majesty LV, Estelite Flow Quick, Beautifil Flow Plus F00, or Unifil Loflow Plus— and photo-polymerized. Clearfil Majesty was used as a control. Specimens were subjected to
in vitro CIL testing with a mechanical loading device. The CIL-generated defect in the resin composite was scanned and traced at 10,000, 20,000, 30,000, and 40,000 cycles with a profilometer (
n=5). An image scanner and computer program were used to calculate the mean defect depth on each resin composite restoration. Data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and the post-hoc Tukey test. All tested flowable resin composites showed more surface degradation than the control after 40,000 CIL cycles.
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