All issues
Volume 60 (1989)
- Issue 6 Pages 483-
- Issue 5 Pages 383-
- Issue 4 Pages 271-
- Issue 3 Pages 181-
- Issue 2 Pages 81-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Predecessor
Volume 60, Issue 4
Displaying 1-29 of 29 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Article type: Cover
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages Cover1-
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (62K) -
Article type: Cover
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages Cover2-
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (62K) -
Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages App1-
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (141K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 271-273
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (296K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 274-278
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (556K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 279-282
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (622K) -
Kazuhisa HASEGAWA, Toshiko ASAHIArticle type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 283-289
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSApplication response of Hokuriku shell fossil in paddy rice were studied by pot and field experiment. Growth of paddy rice was compared in the case of amending soil pH to 6.0 by shell fossil application and in the case of calcium carbonate application by pot experiment, on three soils (one reclaimed paddy field soil and two soils of paddy field on alluvial plain) differing in degree of soil acidity. Application response of shell fossil was inferior to : that of calcium carbonate on reclaimed strongly acidic paddy soil, but the response did not largely differ in strong acidity soil on alluvial paddy soil or slight acidity soil. Absorption of elements, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, in rice plant was accelerated by application of shell fossil and absorption of silica was relatively accelerated. Application response of shell fossil (applied 200 kg/10a) accompanied with granulated compound was studied by frame experiment on alluvial plane field soil plowed-in with wheat straw. The soil reduction was slightly reduced over time by application of basic matter such as shell fossil ; available nitrogen concentration in soil was increased ; but concentration of both available phosphorus and ferrous iron was not different from the control. It seemed that shell fossil fertilizer has two main functions : 1) improvement of acid soil pH ; 2) acceleration of absorption of fertilizer elements such as calcium, silicon, etc.View full abstractDownload PDF (730K) -
Jinkichi ITO, Koji IIMURAArticle type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 290-297
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe decomposition process of rice straw applied in the closed chamber set on paddy field was examined from the aspect of gas metabolism by using Gas Chromatograph. 1) Evolution of CO_2 and consumption of O_2 is linearly correlated. When nitrogen fertilizer was applied with organic matter, evolution of CO_2 and CH_4 was increased. The consumption rate of O_2 from atmosphere changed from 20% to 2%. 2) Application of rice straw at the rate of 600 kg/10 a increased the evolution of gas at the rate of 289 kg/10 a for CO_2-C and 36kg/10a for CH_4-C. 3) Measured value of dissolved CO_2 in the flooded water was consistent with the calculated value by using the partial of dissolved CO_2 pressure in the closed chamber and the pH value of the flooded water. 4) The amount of rice straw decomposed in the paddy soil was quantitatively explained by adding CO_2-C and CH_4-C in the atmosphere with bicarbonate dissolved in soil solution and flooded water. 5) Assuming that 300 kg of rice straw is applied to 10 a of paddy field, evolution of CH_4-C from paddy field throughout Japan (2,950,000 ha) was estimated as 200,000 t.View full abstractDownload PDF (851K) -
Kanta KURAMOCHI, Toshio SAKUMAArticle type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 298-306
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn an attempt to grasp the role of macropores on the water movement during infiltration and redistribution in soils of sloped uplands, field experiments using deuterium water (D_2O) as a tracer were conducted in a hilly area of central Hokkaido. Experimental plots (depth=0.7 m ×width=1m×length=5m) isolated by a polyvinyl sheet were made on an upper slope (Plot I, Typic Dystrochrepts) and on a lower slope (Plot II, Typic Haplumbrepts). After the application of D_2O solution, the plots were treated by an artificial rainfall and the distribution of D_2O abundance was traced for 11 days. 1) During the stage of infiltration (t<1 day after rainfall), water flow was not homogeneous, but the uneven distribution of tracer D_2O was observed in both plots, especially in the subsurface horizons. The macropore system in the subsurface soil horizons of the Plot I was characterized by very coarse root channels of more than 10 mm in diameter and, on the contrary, that of Plot Ii consisted mainly of fine or medium, but continuous, interstitial macropores. The very fast percolation and uneven distribution of tracer D_2O can be attributed to the by-pass effect of the macropores. This was ascertained for Plot I by means of a dye-injection method. Only very coarse root channels, 8-10 mm or greater in diameter, were effective as the by-passing routes, since many of the finer macropores (d<5 mm) were clogged up by entrapped air and/or solid debris during the early stage of infiltration. The frequency of very coarse root channels (d>10 mm) in the subsurface horizons of soils in Plot I was about 3 (channels/1 m^2). 2) The distribution of tracer D_2O and its change during the stage of redistribution (1 < t ≤ 11 days) were also dependent on the characteristics of the macropore system. In Plot I, a homogeneous slow seepage through soil matrix was predominant throughout the stage. Because the root channels dominated vertically and were independent, lateral flows in the subsurface horizons were not significant and water accumulated at the bottom of root channels by the by-pass flow was diffused slowly into the surrounding soil matrix. In the Plot II, however, the uneven distribution of tracer D_2O was prolonged and the fast lateral flow through the deeper part of B horizon continued for a longer period than that in Plot I. These are owing mainly to the continuous nature of interstitial macropores among subangular blocky peds in the B horizon and very low permeability of the underlying Cg horizon.View full abstractDownload PDF (1280K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 306-
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (143K) -
Toshio SAKUMA, Yukio MASUYAArticle type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 307-312
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTracer experiments using deuterium water were conducted to grasp the movement of infiltrating water and to discuss the problems of determination of infiltration capacity in the field. The experiments were carried out for three soils, i.e. Sand dune regosols (Typic Udipsamments), Psedogleys (Aquic Dystrochrepts), and Highmoor peat soils (Typic Medifibrist). After the injection of deuterium solution through the inner cylinder of a double ring infiltrometer, soil samples were taken at each point fixed by a 5×5 cm grid using a hand auger and separated by convenient depth increments. The volume wetness and D/H of soil solution were determined for each sample. The Sand dune regosols appeared homogeneous, but the distribution of D/H was unexpectedly uneven in both vertical and horizontal direction. This may be attributable to 1) by-pass flows through very coarse root channels, 2) water repellency of the extremely dried top soil, 3) entrapped air i the dried top soil, and 4) mechanical disturbance of soil structure by intrusion of the inner cylinder. In clayer Pseudogleys the difference between macropore flows and matrix flows was most remarkable among the three soils examined. Since the very compact large peds are often contained, the uniform distribution of infiltrated water was not obtained even in the cultivated top soil. The uneven distribution of D/H in the subsurface horizons is mainly caused by vertical non-Darcian flows through interstitial macropores among very coarse prismatic peds. It seemed that the infiltrated water was stagnated temporarily in the deeper part of Ap, flowed rapidly into vertical macropores, and stagnated again in the deeper Bg horizon. The flows of infiltrating water in the Highmoor peat soil were tortuous, reflecting its horizontal structure and peculiar macropore system consisting of 1) horizontal inter-layer macropores, 2) coarse channels originated by deterioration of subterranean stems of herbaceous plants, and 3) deteriorated roots and stocks of woody elements. Because the size of the inner cylinder, 30 cm in diameter, is not enough for all the cases examined here, it is concluded that the method may not be reliable, though it is convenient for the field determination of infiltration capacity. The size should be carefully selected taking into account the scale of soil macropore system.View full abstractDownload PDF (684K) -
Jyunichi IKEDA, Michiharu KOBAYASH, Eiichi TAKAHASHIArticle type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 313-317
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the effects of salt stress on nitrogen fixation, respiration, and respiratory costs of nitrogen fixation (R_f) in alfalfa root nodules. Respiration was measured as increase in CO_2. Nitrogen fixation was determined by acetylene reduction method. The respiratory costs of nitrogen fixation (R_f) were estimated using the linear regression of respiration on acetylene reduction under the different pO_2 conditions. Salt stress levels were 0, 3000, and 6000 ppm NaCl. 1) TCD as a detector in gas chromatography enabled measurement of respiration and acetylene reduction at the same time. 2) The increase in NaCl stress from 3000 to 6000 ppm NaCl resulted in decrease in respiration from 40.72 to 32.85 μmol/g・fw/h, respectively, with respiration at 0 ppm being 48.24 μmol/g・fw/h, Acetylene reduction also gave 10.60, 10.20, 5.06 μmol/g・fw/h at 0, 3000, and 6000 ppm, respectively. Thus, salt stress suppressed significantly respiration and acetylene reduction. 3) Measurement of respiration and acetylene reduction at the same time allowed estimation of R_f and the growth and maintenance respiration (R_<mg>). R_f and R_<mg> were 2.23 and 24.01 in control, 2.01 and 21.45 at 3000 ppm NaCl, and 3.22 and 16.62 at 6000 ppm NaCl, respectively. At the treatment of 6000, the greatest stress, R_f increased, while R_<mg> decreased.View full abstractDownload PDF (578K) -
Kazuyuki INUBUSHI, Kenzo HORI, Satoshi MATSUMOTO, Masanao UMEBAYASHI, ...Article type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 318-324
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSActive movement of methane (CH_4) from flooded paddy soils to the atmosphere through rice plant was found with the range of 1.6-230 μg C/30 min/pot (0.16-23 mg C/h/m^2) by using acrylic chamber method in pot experiments conducted from August to October. The rate of CH_4 emission was influenced by growth of rice, light conditions, soil type, organic matter application to the soil, injection of solutions to rice rhizosphere, etc. Methane emissions through rice plant became maximum at heading stage and also at late afternoon. Applications of rice- and wheat-straw to the soils enhanced CH_4 emissions to 2-10 times. Rice plant in gley soil gave the higher rate of CH_4 emissions, followed by gray lowland soil and brown lowland soil in this order. Immediately after injection of CH_4-saturated water to rice rhizosphere, a large amount of CH_4 was discharged from shoot of rice plant, while CH_4 emission gave peak at 22 days after injection of sodium acetate solution to the rhizosphere. The rate of CH_4 emission from cross section of rice stem decreased one slightly and then increased to 1.5-4 times higher than the original level 4 h after cutting. Possible mechanism of the CH_4 movement in the rice plant was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (769K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 324-
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (136K) -
Masuo YAMAUCHI, Shizuka SUSAKI, Toshifumi WAKUSHIMA, Hideyasu FUJIYAMAArticle type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 325-334
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarieties of azuki bean (Phaseolus angularis L.) differed in resistance to sodium chloride salinity. There was a negative correlation between sodium (and chloride) concentration and the relative growth of leaf blades or tops. The varietal differences of salinity tolerance (salinized NaCl) for azuki bean were mainly due to Na and/or Cl injury rather than increase of osmotic pressure in the culture solution. It was better to use Na concentration in the leaf blades than Cl concentration as an index of salinity tolerance. The Na concentration in the leaves was mainly affected by the Na excluding power and/or the rate of Na translation to leaves. It was shown that higher Na excluding power's variety highly increased Na concentration in root when they were grown in culture solution added with NaCl (80 mM) for short term (2 days). And it was suggested that the comparative method among Na concentrations of their roots cultured for short term in the solution to which NaCl was added may be available to select the tolerant variety of salinity for azuki bean. The higher the Na distribution rate to stem, the lower the Na translocation rate to leaves.View full abstractDownload PDF (1008K) -
Toshiyuki WAKATSUKI, Shuuichi OMURA, Yuuji ABE, Kazunari IZUMIArticle type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 335-344
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe results of two years of purification experiments of Domestic Waste Water by Multi-Soil-Layering Systems were reported. Top soil materials of Kuroboku-Do, typic Dystrandept, sub-surface soil materials of Sekishoku-Do, typic paleudult, Masa-Do, weathered granite, Zeolite, clinopriolite, and carbon sources such as jute and wooden boxes were arranged to constitute the Multi-Soil-Layering structure. The system showed high levels of removal of nitrogen components in domestic waste water as well as BOD, COD, and phosphorus components. Domestic waste water having two years of mean BOD concentration of 200 mg/l, COD of 88 mg/l, total-N of 56 mg/l, and total-P of 22 mg/l were purified by this system at the rate of 99 % removal of BOD, 94-98 % removal of COD, 57-89 % removal of nitrogen, and 81-100 % removal of phosphorus.View full abstractDownload PDF (930K) -
Toshiyuki WAKATSUKI, Shuuichi OMURA, Yuuji ABE, Kazunari IZUMIArticle type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 345-351
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfluences of seasonal fluctuation of temperature, flow-out rate of treated water, pH, iron and manganese concentrations in waste and treated water on the efficiency of the Multi-Soil-Layering systems were investigated. This system kept very high rate of removal of BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus in the waste water without any serious influences of fluctuation of temperature between 2-34 ℃. Flow-out rate can be maintained without any serious clogging by giving a rest period, one month a year, or using larger particle sized Zeolite if there is no irreversible clogging due to sedimentation of Na-clay, which will be formed during long-term treatment of Na-rich waste water. A system that has a jute net layer was used for flow-out of treated water which contained the maximum 180 ppm of iron and 6.8 ppm of Mn during the last 5 months of experiment. This made relatively high COD concentration of the flow out water from the system. The excessive reducing condition could be controlled by increasing the flow-out rate, using larger-sized Zeolite or increasing oxygen supply to the lower part of the system.View full abstractDownload PDF (559K) -
Youji YAMAMOTO, Shunji INANAGA, Kikuo KUMAZAWAArticle type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 352-357
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of nitrate supply on the nodule formation, nitrogen fixation, growth and yield of groundnut was studied by a pot experiment using ^<15>N-labeled calcium nitrate. Every pot was filled with 6 kg of pH 6 Tanashi volcanic ash soil and supplied with 1.5 g of P_2O_5 as a mixture of superphosphate and fused magnesium phosphate, and 1 g of K_2O as potassium chloride. Each one third of the total pots received 0, 1, or 3 g of nitrogen as ^<15>N-labeled calcium nitrate per pot. Groundnut seeds (Nakate yutaka, Spanish type) were germinated in the sterilized vermiculite, and transplanted in the pots 27 days after germination. The seedlings were inoculated with a broth of groundnut rhizobium bacteria at the time of transplanting. The results obtained were : 1) Number of flowers, total weight of stem and leaves, and total weight of pods increased with increasing nitrogen supply, but the weight of individual pod, and number and total weight of nodules decreased. 2) At the maximum flowering stage, the efficiency of pod formation was highest in the 1 g N/pot treatment. 3) The yield of seeds was almost the same in both the 1 g and 3 g N/pot than 3 g N/pot. 4) The analysis of ^<15>N showed that the contribution of fertilizer nitrogen to total assimilated nitrogen was higher in the treatment of 1 g N/pot than 3 g N/pot. The ratio of fixed nitrogen to total nitrogen increased rapidly from the maximum flowering stage to the ripening stage in the 1 g N/pot treatment. 5) Supply of proper amount of combined nitrogen 1 g N/pot, was useful to get the maximum nitrogen fixation activity and maximum yield of groundnut seeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (565K) -
Hidemasa KATO, Satoshi SAWATA, Hiroshi USUIArticle type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 358-365
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to make clear the long-term effect of cryptomeria (Cryptomeria J.) plantation on the base status of volcanic ash soils, the authors investigated the soils of 41 profiles collected under cryptomeria trees along the so-called Nikko Sugi (cryptomeria) Avenue. The cryptomeria trees along the average were planted about 350 years ago. It was generally recognized that the base saturation percentage of the soils was higher than that of soils under deciduous forests in this area. Soil pH values under the cryptomeria varied within the range of 4 to 7.5. When the soils had the same base saturation, soils of higher carbon content showed lower pH values than those of lower carbon content. In some soils along Nikko Sugi Avenue, the contamination of surface soil by subsoil (including pumice), caused by road repairing, decreased soil carbon content and increased pH values. These results are consistent with the view that buffer action of acid functional group of humus is stronger than that of amorphous aluminosilicates which are main clay constituent in these soils. Generally, the buffer action of surface soil in volcanic ash soil under Cryptomeria J. was greater because of a large quantity of humus. In this soil, the accumulation of calcium would be derived from the litter of cryptomeria. Consequently, even if the bases, particularly calcium, are supplied from the litter, they may be compensated by a large quantity of humus and so soil pH may remain strongly acidic. Since in surface soil contaminated by subsoil, the buffer action of the soil is lower than that of the original surface soil, when calcium is supplied from the litter, the soil pH may increase. It is worth noting that the bases (mainly Ca) accumulated not only in the Sugi avenue soils but also in younger forest soils of Cryptomeria J., and the correlation between carbon content and exchangeable calcium of these soils was recognized.View full abstractDownload PDF (651K) -
Kazushige NAKABAYASHI, Kinji TAKAHASHIArticle type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 366-370
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (495K) -
Minoru YOSHIDAArticle type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 371-373
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (337K) -
Daisuke SUZUKI, Shigeo MORIYAArticle type: Article
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 374-378
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (505K) -
Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 379-381
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (274K) -
Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages App2-
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (544K) -
Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages App3-
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (739K) -
Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages App4-
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1303K) -
Article type: Appendix
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages App5-
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (268K) -
Article type: Cover
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages Cover3-
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (64K) -
Article type: Cover
1989 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages Cover4-
Published: August 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (64K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|