Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
Online ISSN : 2424-0583
Print ISSN : 0029-0610
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Volume 67, Issue 6
Displaying 1-34 of 34 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages Cover1-
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_Cover1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages Cover2-
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_Cover2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages App1-
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_App1
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  • High Sensitivity of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Root Nodule Formation and Dinitrogen Fixation to Basally Dressed Combined-Nitrogen ; A Comparative Study with Soybean
    Yasuhiro ARIMA, Masato SHIRAI
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 605-612
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_605
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    Rhizobium-inoculated common bean was cultivated with basal application of low-level nitrogen with an andosol soil in a field or small pot. In the field experiment, acetylene reduction activity (ARA), nodule growth and soluble sugar concentration (SSC) in nodules were compared 30 d after sowing (DAS) among three and two respective cultivars of common bean and soybean. Without application of combined nitrogen, ARA and nodule growth of two plant species were comparable and nodule number of determinate and semideterminate type common bean was much larger than that of soybean. By the application of 30 kg N ha^<-1> a more drastic decrease of ARA per plant was observed in common bean, especially in determinate and semideterminate types, than in soybean. The mean value of nodule size also more obviously decreased in determinate and semideterminate type common bean. ARA per nodule weight declined only in common bean by nitrogen fertilization, but did not linearly correspond to SSC in nodules among plant species or cultivars. In the pot experiment, respective cultivars of semideterminate type common bean and soybean was compared with two levels of ^<15>N-ammonium sulfate application. In comparison with soybean, common bean indicated larger amount of ^<15>N uptake per plant dry matter and higher ^<15>N atom% in each orgen at 40 DAS revealing active nitrogen-uptake by roots and weak dinitrogen-fixation by nodules through culture period. Dry matter distribution among plant organs was clearly changed only in common bean affected by applied nitrogen level. On the basis of the above results, it was concluded that tested determinate and semideterminate type common bean were highly sensitive in both nodule formation and nitrogen-fixing activity to dressed nitrogen partially attributed to their high capacity in utilizing dressed nitrogen.
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  • A Critical Evaluation of the Analytical Method for Base Status of Soils from Greenhouses
    Akira KANEKO, Shin-Ichiro WADA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 613-618
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_613
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    We analyzed some greenhouse soils and soils from neighboring paddy fields for their base status using conventional methods and found that : (1) the base saturation percentages of some soils were far above 100%, and (2) that of some other soils were below 50%. Additional analyses of the soils for soluble salt, carbonate and exchangeable acidity suggested that : (1) the base saturation percentages above 100% were artifacts caused by the dissolution of nitrate, sulfate, chloride and carbonate salts of the bases in ammonium acetate, and (2) those below 50% were also spurious values due to overestimation of cation exchange capacity. Based on these experimental results, we concluded that the conventional method for the cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cation using 1 mol L^<-1> NH_4OAc solution buffered at pH 7 is not suitable for testing greenhouse soils. The NH_4OAc-extractable bases should be corrected for soluble salts and carbonate to determine the net exchangeable bases.
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  • Characterization of Three Commercial Cabbage Cultivars in Terms of Their Growth Rate, Nitrogen Absorption and Root Development under Different Levels of Nutrition
    Tatsuya TANAKA, Nagao SHIMADA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 619-625
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_619
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    Using hydroponics, we have analyzed the growth and nutrition absorption of three commercial cabbage cultivars (Brassica oleracea L. cv. Kogetsu, Syunrai 500, YR Ryokuhou), under five different concentrations of Hoagland's culture solution (×1/8, 1/2, 1, 2 and 8 in concentration). During the first 20 d after planting, the growth and nitrogen concentration fluctuated against different nutrition levels for all cultivars examined. The most sensitive was 'Syunrai 500' the most tolerant was 'Kogetsu' and moderate was 'YR Ryokuhou.' There were no significant differences in the mineral (P, Mg and K) concentrations among the cultivars. The amount of Ca ion absorbed, however, was lower when plants were cultured under high nutrition conditions, and the optimum concentration which yielded the highest amount of Ca in a plant was different among the cultivars. Root development, length and unit fresh weight (g m^<-1>), was also influenced by the concentration of culture solution. To delineate closely the root system of each cultivar, we observed underground distribution patterns of roots in a specially equipped "root box." The roots of 'Kogetsu' were well developed, while those of 'Syunrai 500' and 'YR Ryokuhou' were very poor and moderate, respectively. The characteristics for growth and nutrition absorption of cultivars is discussed in connection with development of root systems.
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  • Dissolution of Slags in Water and Calcium Chloride Solution : Effects of Solution pH and Calcium Concentration on Solubilities of Slags
    Naoto KATO, Naoto OWA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 626-632
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_626
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    The dissolution of air-cooling and water-cooling blast furnace slags, a silico-manganese slag and a convertor slag in distilled water was examined. The solution pH was maintained constant at 4, 5, 6 or 7 during the dissolution experiments by the addition of hydrochloric acid with an autotitration system in order to study the effect of solution pH on the solubilities of the slags. The amounts of dissolved Si, Ca, and Mg increased with decreasing solution pH. The solubility of the convertor slag was highest among the tested slags in terms of the percentage of dissolved Si to total Si in the slag when solution pH was from 5 to 7, but was lower than those of blast furnace slags at pH 4. Ca/Si and Mg/Si mole ratios in the solution decreased with extraction time except for the convertor slag, suggesting preferential dissolution of Ca and Mg. The slags were also dissolved in calcium chloride solution to study the effect of Ca concentration on Si dissolution from the slags. The amount of dissolved Si decreased with increasing Ca concentration in the solution. The increase in solution pH caused by Ca and Mg dissolution from the slags was suppressed by high Ca concentration in the solution. The dissolution process of the slags in water was considered as follows : i) Ca and Mg are dissolved by ion exchange reaction with hydrogen ion in water (first step). ii) Si-O-Si and/or Al-O-Si chemical bonds are cleaved by hydrolysis (second step). The second step was not necessary for Si dissolution from the convertor slag containing β-larnite as a main mineral.
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  • Nitrate Movement through Soil Profile and Groundwater Pollution by Nitrogen Fertilizer in Sand Dune Upland Soil
    Masanori NONAKA, Ryouetu ABE, Takao KAMURA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 633-639
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_633
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    The study on relationship between nitrogen fertilizer and accumulated water (precipitation and irrigation) and nitrate movement through soil profile on groundwater pollution was carried out on the experimental field in sandy soil for 1 year. The nitrogen fertilizers were applied to 268 N kg ha^<-1> as chemical fertilizers in autumn radish cropping and 171 N kg ha^<-1> as organic matters in summer tobacco cropping. The results were summarized as follows : 1) The chemical form of leached nitrogen was mostly as nitrate. The nitrate concentration in groundwater was increased by more than 100 mm accumulated water per month, but was decreased by below 100 mm accumulated water per month. 2) In the case of more than 100 mm accumlated water per month, the maximum peak of nitrate leaching appeared at 3 weeks after basal application during autumn radish cropping. But, in the drought summer season of 1994, the nitrate leaching was depressed during summer tabacco cropping.
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  • The Dissolution of Calcium Silicate Slag Fertilizers in Flooded Soil
    Naoto KATO, Hiroshi IMORI, Naoto OWA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 640-647
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_640
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    The dissolution of 50 slag samples having different chemical composition in two flooded soils (Eutric Gleysols, local name ; Fujimi soil and kounosu soil) was examined. Si, Ca, Mg and carbonate (sum of CO_2, H_2CO_3, HCO_3^-) concentrations in the soil solution and soil solution pH were measured. In the test using the Fujimi soil, the soil solution was replaced by distilled water (hereafter referred to as soil washing) and then organic compounds, such as glucose and cellulose, were applied to the soil in order to study the effects of depletion of Ca and Mg in the soil solution and CO_2 gas supply on the Si dissolution from the slags and soil solid phase. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) The soil solution pH and the Ca concentration were positively correlated with the ratio of alkalinity content to 0.5 M HCl-soluble SiO_2 content of the slags applied to the soils (A/Si ratio). 2) The Si concentration in the soil solution was negatively correlated with the A/Si ratio. This result could be attributed to the increase in Si adsorption by the soils which was caused by the increase in the soil solution pH. It was also considered that the increased pH and the increased Ca concentration reduced the solubilities of the slags. 3) The Si concentration was decreased by the soil washing but increased by the subsequent addition of the organic compounds. This increase in the Si concentration was large in the slag application treatments, especially in the case of the application of the slags with a high A/Si ratio, as compared with no slag treatment. As a result, the correlation between the Si concentration and the A/Si ratio changed from negative to positive through the soil washing and the addition of the organic compounds. These results could be attributed to the increase in the solubilities of the slags caused by the decrease in the Ca concentration and by the neutralization effect of CO_2 gas which was produced by the decomposition of the organic compounds. 4) It was indicated that the ability of the soil which received the slags to supply silicic acid to the soil solution was enhanced by the decrease in the Ca and Mg concentration in the soil solution and/or the soil solution pH.
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  • Extractable Sulfate Content in Forest Andisols and Its Relationship between Soil Properties and Sulfate Adsorption Capacity
    Tamon FUMOTO, Hidenori IWAMA, Yoji AMANO
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 648-654
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_648
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    Extractable sulfate was determined on 74 samples of Japanese forest Andisols from 12 pedons, and sulfate adsorption isotherms were determined on 24 samples from 8 pedons of those soils. The relationship of extractable sulfate content with soil properties and sulfate adsorption capacity was therefore investigated. (1) Sulfate adsorption capacity, which was described by the adsorption isotherm, varied widely among soils and seemed to depend largely on aluminum content in allophane and on the specific surface area of the soils. On most soil, the increase in sulfate adsorption was relatively small at solution sulfate concentrations over 0.02 mmol L^<-1>. (2) Extractable sulfate content varied widely among soils, from 0.8 to 93.0 mmol(-)kg^<-1> and indicated a positive correlation with Al content in allophane. Furthermore, extractable sulfate content was found to be close to the adsorbed amount at 0.1 mmol L^<-1> of solution sulfate and significantly reflected the sulfate adsorption capacity of each soil. (3) The increase in adsorbed sulfate until soil solution sulfate increases by 0.1 mmol L^<-1> was calculated based on extractable sulfate content and adsorption isotherm. The increase did not correspond to the sulfate adsorption capacity of soils, being influenced by already adsorbed sulfate. Acid buffering capacity of forest Andisols due to sulfate adsorption was therefore considered to be affected by accumulated sulfate, and not to correspond to the sulfate adsorption capacity.
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  • The Factors Affecting Si Concentration in the Soil Solution : Effects of Soil Solution pH, Ca Concentration, CO_2 Gas and Slag Application
    Naoto KATO, Naoto OWA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 655-661
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_655
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    The effects of pH and Ca concentration in the soil solution on the Si dissolution from two soil samples (Eutric Gleysols, local name ; Fujimi soil and Kounosu soil) were investigated under flooded condition. The amount of Si dissolved from the soils decreased with increasing pH when the pH was lower than 9. At higher pH, the amount of Si dissolved increased with increasing pH and the maximum value was obtained at around pH 10 (Kounosu soil) or pH 11 (Fujimi soil), and then decreased again. These results suggested that the amount of the dissolved Si is mainly controlled by adsorption-desorption equilibrium. The Si dissolution from the soils was not affected by the Ca concentration in the soil solution. The slags were applied to the submerged Fujimi soil and CO_2 gas was supplied into the soil to study the effect of CO_2 gas on the Si dissolution from the slags and the soil. The slag application increased the pH and the Ca concentration in the soil solution. On the other hand, the Si concentration in the soil sulution did not necessarily increase because the ability of the soil to adsorb Si was enhanced by the increased soil pH. In almost all slag application treatments, the CO_2 gas supply decreased the soil solution pH and increased the Si concentration in the soil solution, while no change was observed in the treatment without slag. These results indicated that the decrease in the soil solution pH, which was caused by the neutralization effect of CO_2 gas, enhanced the Si dissolution from both the soil solid phase and the slags. It was also indicated that the solubilities of a phosphorus slag, stainless steel slag, magnesium slag and convertor slag in the soil were high compared with those of a water-cooled blast furnace slag and a ferronickel slag.
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  • Translocation and Distribution of N within Peanut Plant
    Shunji INANAGA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 662-667
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_662
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    Attempts were made to clarify the translocation and distribution of nitrogen within peanut plant, by absorbing ^<15>NO_3-N only for 2 d at the flowering stage, and the early, middle and later stages of reproduction. The results obtained are as follows. The translocation of the ^<15>N absorbed at the flowering stage to the fruit was less than those at the reproductive stages, while ^<15>N of the developing leaves after the flowering stage did not remove to the other parts. The distribution of the ^<15>N absorbed at the early, middile and later stages to the fruit was about 15, 40 and 50% immediately after its absorption, respectively, and lastly reached to 62 and 65% at the early and middle stages. These results suggest that N absorbed at the vegetative stage is utilized to maintain the growth of the root, nodule, vegetative and fruit, and that N of the fruit is more dependent on N translocated from the root and nodule with its growth, while N retranslocating from vegetative parts to the fruit is more supported by the fixed or absorbed N at the early stage of reproduction.
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  • Comparison of Aluminum Tolerance between Young Plants and the Cultured Suspension Cells of Alfalfa
    Munechika HONDA, Hiroyuki KOYAMA, Tetsuo HARA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 668-671
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_668
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  • Quantitative Analysis of Boron in Plant and Soil Materials by Prompt Gamma Ray Analysis Using Reactor Guided Neutron Beams
    Koichiro WATANABE, Susumu MIYAMOTO, Akihiro SHIOMOTO, Chushiro YONEZAW ...
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 672-676
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_672
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  • Effects of the Application of Soil Conditioner Consisted of Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids on Soil Chemical Properties of Kuroboku Upland Soils
    Masayuki TANI, Teruo HIGASHI
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 677-681
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_677
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  • Effect of Phosphorus Application on the Growth of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)
    Kozo IWASAKI, Masayuki FUJINAGA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 682-685
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_682
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  • Comparison of Influence of 3 Heavy Solutions on the Isolation of Charred Plant Residues in Volcanic Ash Soils
    Hiromi HONMA, Haruo SHINDO
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 686-691
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_686
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  • Improvement of Quality on Lettuce Harvested in Spring and Summer
    Ryuichi NAKAMURA, Takashi MEGURO, Masaharu MOTOKI
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 692-695
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_692
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  • Role and Guideline of Silicon Nutrition in Low Protein Rice Production
    Yasuo MIYAMORI
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 696-700
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_696
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 700-
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_700
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  • Progress and Prospect of the Research on Paddy Soil Management under Various Rice Growing System : 2. Properties of Rotational Paddy Soil and Managements of Fertilizer Application
    Keiu KITADA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 701-706
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_701
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  • Molecular Biology of Nitrogen Nutrition in Plants. : 2. Molecular Biology of Nitrate and Nitrite Assimilation in Higher Plants
    Shoji IDA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 707-715
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_707
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  • Formation of Soil Microbial Biomass and Its Phosphorus Flow in Soil
    Kenji KOUNO
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 716-725
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_716
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  • Technical Outlook of Microbial Materials (Report on the Soil and Fertilizer Symposium in Kanto and Tokai District in 1995)
    Yoshio NONOYAMA
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 726-730
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_726
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 731-
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_731
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages 732-
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_732
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages App2-
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_App2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Index
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages Toc1-
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_Toc1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Index
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages Index1-
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_Index1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages App3-
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_App3
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Bibliography
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages Misc1-
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_Misc1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages App4-
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_App4
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages Cover3-
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_Cover3
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1996 Volume 67 Issue 6 Pages Cover4-
    Published: December 05, 1996
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20710/dojo.67.6_Cover4
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