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Article type: Cover
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
App1-_u_
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
i-ii
Published: February 05, 1996
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Gang GUAN, Kazunori SAKAMOTO, Tomio YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
1-6
Published: February 05, 1996
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We investigated the relationship between the size of microbial biomass-N, microbial biomass-C and the physicochemical properties of six different soils. Six different types of soil were collected from Chiba University experimental field. The size of biomass-N was closely correlated with the clay content and CEC of soils. The size of biomass-C was also closely correlated with the clay content. The size of biomass-N and biomass-C were higher in the following order, Darkred soil>Brown forest soil*=⃥Humic Andosol>Light-colored Andosol(subsoil)*=⃥Light-colored Andosol(top soil)>Sanddune regosol. We observed that the size of biomass-N was closely correlated with the available N which is known as an index of soil fertility.
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Toshiya SAIGUSA, Hidetaka KATOU, Yoji AMANO
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
7-16
Published: February 05, 1996
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The effects of adsorption and water content on the diffusion of chloride ion(Cl^-)were examined in laboratory columns packed with a regosolic andosol(Thaptic Udivitrand), an ordinary andosol(Acrudoxic Vitric Melanudand), and a cumulic andosol(Pachic Melanudand)in the Konsen district, Hokkaido. The diffusion coefficient of Cl^- in soil, D, was determined from the measured Cl^- content profiles, employing a diffusion model in which D was assumed to be constant in each column. The value of D thus obtained increased with the molumetric water content of the soils. Although the soils were humic or coarse-textured, they had small but definite values of the anion exchange capacity(AEC) of 0.2-2.6 cmol_ckg^<-1> when measured by repeated equilibration with CaCl_2 solutions. The Cl^- adsorption, corresponding to the AEC of this size, was estimated to decrease the values of D in the soils to 0.20-0.70 times those expected in the absence of adsorption. The adsorption of Cl^- by the soils was found to be nonlinear. Hence, the effect of adsorption was most significant when Cl^- concentration was small, and greater values of D were obtained in the soil columns with larger Cl^- content. While AEC per unit mass of soil was in the order cumulic>ordinary>regosolic andosols, the soils with larger AEC had a smaller bulk density so that the resultant effect of adsorption on Cl^- diffusion did not differ much among the soils. Consequently, the relative magnitude of D among these andosols was most influenced by the volumetric water content and its function, the impedance factor. Thus, from the water retention curves detrmined on undisturbed cores, it was suggested that the easiness of Cl^- diffusion was in the order cumulic>ordinary>regosolic andosols under field conditions.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
16-
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Hiroto NAKAO, Tadahiko MAEDA, Shozo KUWATSUKA
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
17-23
Published: February 05, 1996
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The effects of hot water extract and extracted residues of Chlorella cells on the growth of radish seedlings in relation to chages in soil microflora and microbial activity were studied. In particular, actinomycetes spp.isolated from the soil amended with hot water extract of chlorella cells were screened for their productivity of plant growth regulators and antibiotic substances on a plant pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.raphani. The hot water extract promoted the growth of 6 species of streptomyces which generally inhabit the soil. The repeated amendment of hot water extract and its residues of chlorella cells to soil promoted the growth of radish seedling and increased the population of actinomycetes and bacteria in soil. The most significant positive correlations were observed between the growth of seedlings and the population of actinomycetes in these soils. Most actinomycetes spp.isolated from the soil amended with hot water extract produced plant growth regulators and also had antagonistic effects on the plant pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.raphani. The hot water extract promoted the production of plant growth regulators and the growth of 3 actinomycetes spp.tested. Repeated soil amendment of the hot water extract increased the population of indigenous Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.raphani-antagonists in the soil. These results indicated that the plant growth-promotive effects of the hot water extract and its residues of chlorella cells were due to the increase in the amount of plant growth regulators in soil and the enhancement of soil fungistasis by increasing in the poulation of such profitable actinomycetes in soil.
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Masuo YAMAMOTO, Yosito WATANABE
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
24-31
Published: February 05, 1996
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Experiments were carried out to determine the behavior of heavy metals contained in the domestic sewage sludge thrown onto the soil surface. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1)Domestic sewage sludge contained 0.25-0.30 kg kg^<-1> of organic matter as total carbon. The average value of Cd content was 3.4 mg kg^<-1> and Cu and Zn were more than 1000 mg kg^<-1>. 2)The solubility of heavy metals in the sewage sludge in acid solution was in the order Zn>Pb>Cd>Cu, and 65% of total Zn was the acid-soluble form. The water-solubility of heavy metals was found to be Dd>Zn>Pb=Cu. Cadmium was the most soluble element among the four elements, and more than 5% of total Cd was dissolved. 3)The proportion of the acid-soluble fraction of the metals increased with the decomposition of organic matter in the sewage sludge. 4)The acid-soluble amount of heavy metals in the soils was in the order Cd>Pb>Zn=Cu. Acid-soluble Zn was less than 10% of total Zn, indicating that the form of Zn in the soil was different from that of the sewage sludge. 5)The vertical distribution survey of heavy metals in the soil profile indicated that dissolved heavy metals from sewage sludge were not adsorbed in the layer of sandy soil but were sdsorbed and accumulated in the layer of clay soil. 6)About 85% of the organic matter in the sewage sludge amended onto the soil surface disappeared in 75 days, and 50% of Pb, 70% of Cu, and 70-95% of Zn and Cd disappeared during same period.
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Katsutoshi SAKURAI, Jun-ichiro WAKAYAMA, Kozo IWASAKI
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
32-39
Published: February 05, 1996
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Soil fertility of the orange orchards in the greenhouse and the open field in Kagami-cho, Kami-gun, Kochi were evaluated in terms of soil profile description, soil physical properties, fertility, oxide content, clay minerology, and charge properties. Especially, ZPC and σ_p could be considered as effective measures of soil fertility status. The following results were obtained : 1)The dominance of a permanent negative charge is supposed to be more effective to shift the zero point of charge(ZPC) toward lower pH values than the presence of organic matter. 2)The coexistence of exchangeable Ca applied as fertilizer or originated from the colluvial parent material caused the soil ZPC to occur at a higher pH value. Al-intergrade minerals(hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite, HIV)predominated among the clay minerals followed by kaolins. Kaolins might be a strongly weathering product in the past and HIV has been formed as a current product through the reaction of Al with illite, which is one of the dominant clay minerals in the materials derived from the Shimanto formation. This HIV was the major source of permanent negative charge, and is supposed to be a determinant factor of soil ZPC.
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Makoto KITOH, Shigekata YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
40-48
Published: February 05, 1996
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Differences in the mulching effects between plant residues and polyethylene film on soybean growth and physicochemical properties was investigated in a field experimant. 1)Both mulching of plant residues and polyethylene film resulted in an increase in soybean growth. Moreover, the mulching effect on pod yield was larger in plant residue mulching than that of polyethylene film, except mugwort residue mulching, and the highest growth and pod yield were obtained in the mulching with corn residue. 2)The distribution of dry matter to pods was significantly reduced by mulching with polyethylene film, while it was not reduced by plant residues mulch. 3)Minimum soil temperature was higher in the order of plant residues mulch>polyethylene film mulch>control(no mulching), and mulching with plant residue raised the soil temperature by about 3℃ during the early stage of soybean growth. 4)The water potential in unmulched soil suddenly increased, while the values in mulched soil with polyethylene film and corn residue mulch did not increase even in the dry period of growth. 5)The contents of available phosphorus in soil significantly increased in mulched soil with plant residues compared with polyethylene film and unmulched soil. The effect was markedly higher in the mulched soil with corn residue.
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Tatsuya TANAKA, Nagao SHIMADA, Tadashi SATO
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
49-53
Published: February 05, 1996
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We have analyzed growth under different nitrogen levels(150, 200 and 250 kg ha^<-1>)in ten commercial cultivars of Japanese cabbage(Brassica oleracea L.). Potassium and phosphorus levels ramained constant throughout the experiments. Every cultivar showed an increase in head weight with increasing nitrogen levels. However, the extent of those increases were different among the cultivars examined. Similar trends were also seen in the total amounts of nitrogen in the plants. In contrast, the nitrogen efficiency ratios(FW/N, grams of fresh weight of head per milligram of N in the plants)decreased in most cultivars when more nitrogen was applied. Four major minerals concentrations(P, K, Ca and Mg in g kg^<-1>)in the plants were different among the cultivars, however most concentrations were positively correlated with the amount of nitrogen applied in all but one cultivar. In some cultivars, the increment patterns of the Ca concentration were different from that of the other minerals.
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Katsutoshi SAKURAI, Makoto TSUEDA, Kozo IWASAKI
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
54-61
Published: February 05, 1996
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Orange orchards in the greenhouse and the open field in Kagami-cho, Kami-gun, Kochi were monitored in terms of soil moisture and dissolved ions in the soil solution for seven months. Surface and subsurface soils, plant leaves, and the juice of the harvested oranges were also analyzed to evaluate the macro nutrient dynamics between plant and soil. The following two aspects are the key findings to make a prescription for the management of orange orchard both in the greenhouse and the open field : 1)Soil moisture was kept within an appropriate range for the growth of orange trees. 2)In the greenhouse, surface accumulation of phosphorus was conspicuous but this accumulated phosphorus did not necessarily lead to an increase in the amount of phosphorus absorption by the plant. 3)In the open field, an imbalance in the composition of exchangeable cations may cause a nutrient deficiency problem, e.g., a typical symptom due to Mg deficiency was seen in the plant leaves after harvest.
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Kozo IWASAKI, Katsutoshi SAKURAI
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
62-68
Published: February 05, 1996
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Experiments were conducted to compare the depth-wise distribution of the forms and amounts of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn between two orange orchards where the former land use was different. In the B-2 orange orchard, persimmon had been grown until 40 years ago with the application of a copper-based fungicide(Bordeaux solution). On the other hand, the B-4 orchard used be a paddy field until 10 years ago. The sequential extraction method was used to evaluate the different chemical forms of the elements in the soils. These experiments were part of the study on"Analytical pedology of the agricultural land in Kochi." 1)About 80 mg kg^<-1> of Cu accumulation was observed in the surface soils(0-20 cm)of B-2, when compared with B-4. Sequential extraction showed that 36 and 18% of the accumulated Cu was in the organically bound and crystalline Fe oxide-occluded fractions, respectively. These results indicated that the accumulation of Cu in B-2 occurred by the use of Bordeaux solution through occlusion by the soil organic matter and crystalline Fe oxides. 2)Fe and Mn were accumulated at a depth of 20 and 40 cm in the B-4 orchard, respectively. The accumulated Fe and Mn were in the forms of amorphous and crystalline Fe oxides and Mn oxides. The B-2 soils, without any history of lowland rice cultivation, showed no such accumulation. The total amounts of Fe and Mn in the surface soil(0 cm)of B-4 were lower than that of B-2. This could be attributed to the decreases of Fe content in the crystalline Fe oxide-occluded fraction and of Mn content in Mn oxide-and amorphous Fe oxide-occluded fractions.
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Masashi YANAI, Yoshiaki YOSHIDA, Yoshiaki SHIMIZU
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
69-70
Published: February 05, 1996
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Ichiro TANIYAMA, Takeshi OTA, Takashi KUSABA
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
71-72
Published: February 05, 1996
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Masami NANZYO, Tomoki TAKAHASHI, Sadao SHOJI
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
73-77
Published: February 05, 1996
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Makoto KOJIMA, Yoshikuni MASAOKA, Susumu SUGIHARA
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
78-81
Published: February 05, 1996
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Hiroshi TAKENAGA, Masaaki YOSHIBA
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
82-89
Published: February 05, 1996
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OFOSU-BUDU K.G., [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
90-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
90-
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Garcia C., Ceccanti B., Masciandaro G., Hernadez T.
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
90-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
90-91
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
91-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
91-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
91-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
91-92
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
92-
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LAWSON I.Y.D., [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
92-
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[in Japanese], CHAUDHRY M.I., ADU-GYAMFI J.J., [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
92-
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Aveline A., Crozat Y., Pinochet X., Domenach A.-M., Cleyet-Marel J.-C.
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
92-93
Published: February 05, 1996
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
93-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
93-
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Khan M.K., [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
93-
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[in Japanese], ZAPATA F., FARDEAU J.C.
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
93-94
Published: February 05, 1996
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
94-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
94-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
94-
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Article type: Appendix
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
95-
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Article type: Appendix
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
95-98
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
99-
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Article type: Appendix
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
100-101
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Article type: Appendix
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
102-106
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Article type: Appendix
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1996 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
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