巻号一覧
68 巻 (1997)
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- 5 号 p. 487-
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68 巻, 5 号
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原稿種別: 表紙
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. Cover1-
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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原稿種別: 表紙
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. Cover2-
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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原稿種別: 付録等
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. App1-
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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小林 新, 藤澤 英司, 久保 省三, 羽生 友治原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 487-492
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
ジャーナル フリーWe studied the release of nutrients from individual granules of three kinds of coated urea having different coating characteristics. Twenty granules were immersed individually in 10 mL of water and incubated at 30℃ for 84 d. Urea released in the solution was determined intermittently and the data were fitted to the first-order reaction model originally proposed by ISHIBASHI et al. (1992). 1) The release of urea from the individual granules obeyed the simple first-order reaction model. There were comparatively wide variations in the release rate constant (k) and in the lag period (t_<au>) : the coefficients of variation for k were from 37.5 to 59.6%, and those for t_<au> from 21.1 to 47.8%. 2) All the nutrient release curves were exponential, indicating that the sigmoidal curves found with mass samples were caused by the variations in k and t_<au> values. 3) We propose a new nutrient release model, assuming that t_<au> varied according to the normal (Gaussian) distribution. Curves obtained with this model fitted far better to the observed values, particularly to those for the coated urea having larger t_<au> values.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (691K) -
田中 達也, 佐藤 直原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 493-500
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
ジャーナル フリーWe have analyzed the growth and nutrient absorption of three commercial cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) cultivars, Kogetsu, Syunrai 500 and YR Ryokuhou, under varying levels of nitrogen (N) (100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kgha^<-1>). In all cultivars, growth and N concentration differed with varying N application. In a previous report, we showed that growth was correlated with the growth rate in the first 20 d ; thus, we could estimate head weight from growth and head weight rates. Nitrogen absorption patterns were similar during the first growth stage of all cultivars. However, applied nitrogen efficiency (fresh weight of cabbage head per kg N applied) was highest at 100 kg N ha^<-1> in Kogetsu, 150 kg N ha^<-1> in Syunrai 500 and 200 kg N ha^<-1> in YR Ryokuhou. In Kogetsu, N absorbed during the outerleaf development phase contributed to growth, while N absorbed during the head development phase contributed in Syunrai 500. The concentrations of macronutrient phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the plants varied with the N level. Moreover, the K content varied in all cultivars during the head development phase and at low N levels. The Ca concentration in the outerleaves of Kogetsu was higher than other cultivars.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (976K) -
松田 裕之, 藤井 弘志, 柴田 康志, 小南 力, 長谷川 愿, 大渕 光一, 安藤 豊原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 501-507
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIt is a well-known fact that the protein content of milled rice affects its palatability. Field experiments were conducted from 1990 to 1993 to evaluate the relationship between the protein content of milled rice, number of grains per amount of nitrogen (N) in the plant at heading (NG/N) and the amount of N in the grains of two cultivars. The results obtained were as follows. 1. There was a negative correlation between NG/N and amount of N in the plant at heading, while the amount of N in the grain and NG/N were positively correlated regardless of the cultivar. The relationship between the amount of N in the grain and protein content of milled rice fit a linear equation. These results suggest that the protein content of milled rice is affected by NG/N. 2. The cultivar Haenuki had a lower NG/N but had a higher amount of N in the grain than cv. "SASANISHIKI" when observed with the same amount of N at heading. More than 80% of the cv. "HAENUKI" samples had 60 to 70 grains per panicle, while cv. "SASANISHIKI" had 55 to 80 grains per panicle. This indicates that varietal differences in NG/N and the number of grains per panicle affect a difference in the protein content of varieties of milled rice. 3. More than 80% of the milled rice samples contained higher than 8% protein when the amount of N in the rice was more than 1.4 t ha^<-1> at heading regardless of variety. In "SASANISHIKI", plants having a lodging index higher than 3 had a milled rice protein content of more than 8% although the amount of N in the plant at heading was less than 1.4 t ha^<-1>.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (769K) -
米山 忠克, 山崎 晴民, 宗 芳光, 藤原 伸介, 建部 雅子原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 508-513
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe direct analysis of leaf fluids provides real-time information on crops and helps to determine the need for quick action such as top-dressing. It is believed that the solute concentrations of fluids and saps are the principal indication to understanding the nutritional and physiological conditions of crops. Information on the concentrations of the major elements in the fluids has been accumulated gradually, but there is little information about the concentrations of minor elements in the fluids. We conducted several experiments to determine the concentrations of minor elements (mainly Mn, Zn and Fe) in the fluids of leaf petiole and leaf blade and the xylem saps of various crops, mainly cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). In xylem saps, the concentrations of Mn, Zn and Fe were 0.12-2.4, 0.37-1.2 and 0.11-0.24 mg L^<-1>, respectively. In the fluids of leaf petiole, the concentrations of Mn, Zn and Fe were 0.5-26.2, 0.2-29.1 and 0.04-2.8 mg L^<-1>, respectively, and in the fluids of leaf blade, they were 0.7-32.0, 1.2-22.7 and 0.17-1.35 mg L^<-1>, respectively. The concentrations of Mn, Zn and Fe in the leaf fluids of cucumber decreased with the increased application of P. It is thought that the excessive application of P makes minor elements insoluble in the soil or in the root. Fluid and sap analyses were effective methods to diagnose the plant nutrition of both major and minor elements.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (693K) -
逸見 彰男, 松枝 直人, Erni JOHAN原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 514-520
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
ジャーナル フリーAllophane formed in weathered volcanic ash and pumice has a morphology of aggregates composed of fine hollow spherules with diameters of 3.5 to 5.0 nm. The chemical compositions of the wall of hollow spherules vary in Si/Al atomic ratio from 1 : 2 to 2 : 2. There is a regular dependency in physicochemical properties such as structural stability against heating and grinding and surface properties depending upon the Si/Al ratio of allophane. The ratio has been regarded as a factor affecting the nature and properties of allophane. However, it is not known why the ratio of Si and Al making up the structure governs the properties. In this study, allophane having a low Si/Al ratio were enriched with Si, and changes in the surface acidity as the result of Si enrichment were measured ; the mechanism of change being analyzed by means of the molecular orbital method. An allophane sample (Si/Al=1.15:2) was separated from pumice, and treated with diluted solutions of silicic acid (8×10^<-4> and 16×10^<-4> mol L^&lr;-1>). The Si/Al ratios for the samples after the treatments were 1.55 : 2 and 1.82 : 2. Measured surface acidity was higher in intensity for the samples after treatment than before treatment. Infrared spectoscopy proved that Si atoms added to the chemical structure of allophane having a low Si/Al ratio were present in the structure in the state of condensed SiO_4 tetrahedra. A molecular orbital calculation suggests that the intensification of acidity resulting from Si enrichment was ascribable to electron-level interactions of silanol groups (Si-OH) with alminol groups (Al-OH) located near holes in the walls of allophane hollow spherules and with the Si-OH of condensed SiO_4 tetrahedra newly formed in the structure after treatment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (745K) -
佐藤 孝, 西脇 俊和, 大竹 憲邦, 大山 卓爾原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 521-526
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
ジャーナル フリーSoybean nodule contains four leghemoglobin components, Lba, Lbc_1, Lbc_2 and Lbc_3, whose molecular weights and amino acid sequences are similar to each other. An analytical method for determining the concentrations of the four Lb components was developed using capillary electrophoresis, and the concentrations of each component were compared among three soybean cultivars. Soybean nodules were freeze-dried and ground into fine powder. Twenty milligrams of sample powder was extracted with 1 mL of 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). The extract was passed through a hydroxyapatite mini column to eliminate the interfering substances. Twenty five microliters of the partially purified solution was mixed with 5 μL of a potassium ferricyanide (10 g kg^<-1>) and nicotinic acid (10 g kg^<-1>) solution, plus 20 μL of a sodium azide (2 g kg^<-1>) solution. For analysis, we used a fused-silica capillary with a 1 m length and 75 μm internal diameter. 75 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH2.0) was used as the electrolite and charged with 25 kV at 20℃. Leghemoglobin components were detected by optical density at 185 nm. The Lb components were purified and migration time of each Lb component identified. By the analytical conditions described above, four peaks were completely separated and the migration times of Lbc_2, Lbc_3, Lba, Lbc_1 were faster in this sequence. The peak heights of each Lb component was the same, so we used purified Lba as the standard for calibration. The concentrations of each Lb component in nodules with diameters 3-5 mm were analyzed for soybean cultivars "Williams", "Enrei" and "T202" at 40 d after planting. The Enrei nodules contained a higher concentration of total Lb components than the other two cultivars. The relative compositions of the four components were different among the cultivars.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (715K) -
仁王以 智夫原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 526-
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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近藤 錬三, 筒木 潔, 森 隆一原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 527-535
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn Bibai peatland in Hokkaido, Japan, the decomposition of peat is enhanced due to the drying tendency of the soil. Accordingly, the community of Sasa senanensis invades the community of Sphagnum, whose area is diminishing rapidly. Peat samples were collected from this peatland on a transect line which passes through the original Sphagnum community as well as the invading Sasa community. Several physical and chemical properties and indices for the degree of decomposition of peat were determined for these samples. In accordance with the drying tendency, the degree of decomposition and humification increased remarkably as revealed by the change in total nitrogen content, C/N ratio, ash content, fiber content by authentic and new methods, degree of humification by the method of KAILA as determined at 550 and 340 nm, field moisture content, and bulk density. Highly significant correlations were also observed between these characteristics. The new method for the determination of fiber content as proposed in this paper is easy and rapid, and gave almost the same results as those which were obtained by the authentic rubbed fiber method. No significant difference was observed between the results obtained by these two methods.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (988K) -
筒木 潔, 近藤 錬三原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 536-543
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
ジャーナル フリーIn Bibai peatland in Hokkaido, Japan, the decomposition of peat is enhanced due to the drying tendency of the soil. Accordingly, the community of Sasa senanensis invades the community of Sphagnum, whose area is diminishing rapidly. Peat samples were collected from this peatland on a transect line which passes through the original Sphagnum community as well as the invading Sasa community. Peat samples were separated into fractions coarser and finer than 2 mm, and the contents of carbon and nitrogen, degree of humification and composition of phenolic CuO-NaOH oxidation products were analyzed. Yields of p-hydroxyphenyl compounds and vanillyl compounds were high at the sites where the Sphagnum community was conserved. On the other hand, syringyl and cinnamyl compounds were high at the sites where the community of Sasa senanensis had invaded the original high moor plant vegetation as a result of the drying tendency in the wetland. Differences in the yields of phenolic compounds between the fractions>2 mm and>2 mm were small at the sites of Sphagnum vegetation. In the peripheral region of the wetland where the drying tendency is extreme, the yields of phenolic compounds differed remarkably between different size fractions of peat. The yields of p-hydroxyphenyl compounds and vanillyl compounds in fractions finer than 2 mm were remarkably larger than those in the fractions coarser than 2 mm. An opposite tendency was observed for the yields of cinnamyl compounds. These results suggest that the p-hydroxyphenyl compounds and vanillyl compounds were formed from cinnamyl compounds as a result of the decomposition of the lignin component in peat. Highly significant positive correlations were observed between p-hydroxylphenyl compounds and vanillyl compounds, as well as between syringyl compounds and cinnamyl compounds. Negative correlations were observed between cinnamyl compounds and p-hydroxyphenyl compounds and cinnamyl compounds and vanillyl compounds. These results came from the tendency that p-hydroxyphenyl compounds and vanillyl compounds are rather representative of Sphagnum vegetation and syringyl and cinnamyl compounds are representative of angiosperm plants and grass vegetation. Thus, the composition of phenolic CuO-NaOH degradation products was proven to be a good indicator for representing the drying tendency and accompanied vegetation changes in wetlands.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (949K) -
江 耀宗, 李 喬木, 佐伯 和利, 松本 聰原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 544-548
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe humic substances of paddy fields converted from upland fields several decades ago in the cold and semi-dry climate zone of northeast China were analyzed for composition, optical characteristics and humic acid types. The degree of humification in the plow layers had changed as compared to that of each original field soil. The changes were dependent on soil type. There was no change in the humic substance characteristics in layers deeper than plowsole. Humic acid was classified as Rp・A type both in the paddy fields and original soils. The degree of humification of free-type humic acid in the paddy topsoils of this area was lower, and that of bond-type humic acid higher than those of Japanese paddy soils.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (584K) -
石塚 悟史, 岩崎 貢三, 櫻井 克年原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 549-558
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
ジャーナル フリーWe investigated the reclaimed Nihon-siba grassland in Kochi, Japan, with respect to geomorphology and duration after reclamation in reference to morphological, physical, chemical, mineralogical and charge properties of the soils. The following is a summary. 1. Grassland reclaimed 11 years ago showed improvement in soil fertility at the surface soil, while the subsoil showed lower fertility close to that of forest soil. However, grassland older than 20 years showed a significant change even in the subsoil. 2. The zero point of charge (ZPC) and σp values of the 11-year grassland soils were close to those of natural forest soils, while for the grassland over 20 years old, the ZPC value was higher and σp value smaller than the 11-year-old grassland. These changes were caused by the neutralization of permanent negative change due to the accumulation of Fe and Al oxides and/or hydroxides transported from the surface horizon by organic acids produced and excreted at the rhizosphere. 3. A "hard pan" layer was formed at the depth of 10 to 15 cm due to continuous tramping by cattle along with the establishment of a root mat layer. These changes occurred over 11 years. Subsequently, an aggregate structure might develop between the root mat and hard pan layers. Thus, the grassland over 20 years old had an excellent drainage system with good aeration. 4. From a pedo-ecological viewpoint, it requires more than 20 years for reclaimed Nihon-siba grasslands to stabilize both pedologically and ecologically and be recognized as a matured grass field, and an 11-year period is insufficient to achieve this stage after reclamation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1224K) -
三浦 憲蔵原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 558-
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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田代 卓, 三枝 正彦, 佐藤 徳雄, 庄子 貞雄原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 559-563
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of flooding depth and Y-shaped seeding furrow on the growth of rice seedlings were investigated under the conditions of non-tilled direct seeding in poorly drained paddy soil. 1) The effects of flooding depth on the growth of rice seedlings at 12 and 20℃ were as follows : 10 cm>3 cm>1 cm, and the growth rate of seedlings at 12℃ was about one-fifth of that at 20℃. 2) The growth rates of plumules, calculated using total effective temperature, were almost the same at 12 and 20℃. Radicle elongation started at the total effective temperature of 25℃, and the degree of radicle elongation at 12℃ was larger than that at 20℃. 3) The percentages of seedling establishment of surface sown and V-shaped furrrow sown plots were extremely lower (0-5%) than those of V-shaped furrrow and Y-shaped furrow burried plots (62-76%). 4) The radicle elongation, plant length and leaf age of rice seedlings were much improved in the Y-shaped furrrow burrled plot as compared to the V-shaped furrrow burried plot. From the above results, it was concluded that the Y-shaped furrow system without covering soil is most feasible for non-tilled direct seeding in poorly drained paddy fields.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (661K) -
内山 知二, 清水 武原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 564-567
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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佐藤 強, 上沢 正志原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 568-570
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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水野 直治, 尼札米丁 庫爾班原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 571-572
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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望月 康秀, 渡部 育夫, 保科 次雄, 金田 雄二原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 573-577
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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高橋 能彦, 中野 富夫, 藤巻 雄一, 岩津 雅和, 佐々木 康之原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 578-582
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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三浦 周原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 583-588
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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橘田 安正, 水落 勁美原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 589-594
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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原稿種別: 文献目録等
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 595-602
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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原稿種別: 付録等
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 603-
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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原稿種別: 付録等
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 604-605
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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伊藤 信原稿種別: 本文
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. 606-
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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原稿種別: 付録等
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. App2-
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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原稿種別: 表紙
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. Cover3-
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
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原稿種別: 表紙
1997 年 68 巻 5 号 p. Cover4-
発行日: 1997/10/05
公開日: 2017/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (102K)
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