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Volume 71 (2000)
- Issue 6 Pages 777-
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Volume 71, Issue 6
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Article type: Cover
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages Cover1-
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Article type: Cover
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages Cover2-
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages App1-
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Chiharu Ito, Noriharu AeArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 777-785
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to identify the form of available nitrogen in soils, we examined the characteristics of organic nitrogen and quantitative relation between organic nitrogen and metallic ion on several soils extracted by chemical solutions such as dilute sulfuric acid. The results are summarized as follows : 1) According to the chromatograms of size-exclusion and ion-exchange HPLC, the organic nitrogen extracted by dilute sulfuric acid, phosphate buffer, ammonium acetate and distilled water are considered to be almost homogeneous protein-like substances. 2) Ferrum and aluminum were estimated to be combined with protein-like substances but the contribution is different by soil condition. In paddy fields, the contribution of ferrum in combination with protein-like substances is relatively high in terms of the amount of organic matter in the soil, while in upland soil, aluminum contribution is very high and it seemed that ferrum was combined with sparingly resolvable protein-like substances. But soils used in this experiment were classified as light-colored Andosol containing a large amount of active aluminum, therefore the contribution of ferrum and aluminum in upland soil except Andosol is the subject for a future study. 3) In the soils fertilized by a heavy dose of manure, water-soluble organic nitrogen tends to increase. This suggests that the capacity of soils for protein-like substances is limited and that organic matter applied in excess of capacity causes protein-like substances to be water-soluble and flow into the environment. 4) The estimation of available nitrogen by the chemical extraction method sometimes includes a large error compared with results using an incubation method. We inferred a fraction that mineralized easily because of a very weak combination with organo-minerals caused an error by salting out through the extraction. Additional studies on the properties of organic nitrogen extracted from soils fertilized by heavy doses of manure are required.View full abstractDownload PDF (1101K) -
Uptake Response of Crops to Potassium from Andosol and Potassium-Bearing Minerals Applied to AndosolMegumi Sugiyama, Noriharu AeArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 786-793
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a pot experiment using Andosol which has poor K supplying power, we applied three potassium-bearing minerals (biotite, muscovite and K-feldspar) blended in a mortar as the K source, and then examined K uptake among five crop species (groundnut, soybean, upland rice, maize and sunflower). Our findings are as follows. 1) The K uptake ability of groundnut is inferior to the other crops. It was indicated that groundnut mainly absorbs exchange able K. 2) Upland rice was expected to be able to absorb K more than hot HNO_3 extractable K from Andosol. Upland rice, maize and sunflower can absorb more K than hot HNO_3 extractable K from biotite. 3) The K uptake rate from the muscobite of sunflower is superior to the other species, however this doesn't indicate that sunflower can absorb more K than hot HNO_3 extract able K from muscovite. K uptake rates from the feldspar of all crops are low and there was no difference among crops. It indicated that feldspar has very little K availability, so crops can't use K-feldspar as the K source. 4) Our results provide supporting evidence that the sum of crude silicate in the shoot of crop and 2.5% acetic acid extracted silicate in the soil after harvesting is bigger than the silicate in the soil of no-plant pot for crops, especially upland rice and maize pressed weathering on Andosol and biotite. It is expected this pressure is related to K uptake by the crops.View full abstractDownload PDF (913K) -
Kazuhiko Matano, Mitsuhisa Baba, Daisuke Murakami, Toshihiro Sugiura, ...Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 794-800
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA monitoring study was carried out at a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) stand in Minamitonai, Shichinohe Town, Aomori Prefecture, to estimate acid load and buffering reaction using tension-free lysimeters. The term was 16 months from July 1998 to October 1999. Proton (H^+)and other nutrient budgets were examined. Ammonium (NH_4^+) deposition was higher in summer than in winter(P<0.05). Conversely, sulfate(SO_4^<2->) deposition was higher in winter than in summer (P<0.05). Annual inputs were 0.56kmol(+) ha^<-1>y^<-1> for NH_4^+ and 0.70kmol(-) ha^<-1>y^<-1> for SO_4^<2->. High NH_4^+ input contributed to acid load, which was larger than associated atmospheric acid deposition. Base cation exchange, chemical weathering of minerals, and uptake of nitrate(NO_3^-) were the main acid buffer reactions in summer. Base cation mobilization was proportional to total acid production and silica mobilization was proportional to acid production associated with nitrogen transformation. Although there was a high total nitrogen (NH_4^+ + NO_3^-)input, NH_4^+ output at the depth of 80 cm was negligible and NO_3^- output at the depth of 80 cm was 0.23 kmol(-) ha^>-1<y^<-1>, which was 34% of total input. In the case of winter, sulfate adsorption contributed to buffer reactions, which made annual acid production negative. We, therefore, concluded that intensive soil acidification hardly occurred.View full abstractDownload PDF (881K) -
Yoshihiko Takahashi, Takashi Sato, Takashi Hoshino, Toru Tsuchida, Tak ...Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 801-808
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe tried to improve the soil physical conditions of a clayey upland field converted from a drained paddy field by the application of rice hulls. Nitrogen starvation occurred with rice hull application due to the high C/N ratio. Vegetable soybean is able to grow under N starvation conditions because of N_2 fixing activity. Rice hulls (2kg m^<-2> or 4 kg m^<-2>) were applied in 1997, and vegetable soybean was cultivated in 1997 and 1998. 1) As a result of a soil incubation examination, in the first year, 20 mg N kg^<-1> and 48 mg N kg^<-1> were immobilized with rice hull treatments of 2 kg m^<-2> and 4 kg m^<-2>, respectively. In the second year, 8 mg N kg^<-1> and 22 mg N kg^<-1> were immobilized. 2) With the immobilization of N in the rice hull treatment of 2 kg m^<-2>, it was possible to correspond by increasing the amount of fertilizer-N (3 g m^<-2>). However, in the 4 kg m^<-2> rice hull application treatment, fertilizer-N must be increased more. 3) Analysis of the field soil and bleeding xylem sap indicated that the soil NH_<4->N/NO_<3->N ratio was high, while the NO_<3->N amount was low in the xylem sap from the rice hull plot. A large quantity of ureide-N in xylem sap was detected in the plants of the rice hull plot, which suggests the promotion of N_2 fixation in rice hull treatment. 4) The rice hull treatment increased the yield more than conventional treatment. Especially, when basal fertilizer-N was increased, the degree of yield increase became high. The yield increase was due to an increase in the number of pods per node. The factor was related to N_2 fixation activity during the flowering stage. 5) The sugar and free amino acid concentrations in the seed, which are related to taste, didn't have a consistent relationship between the rice hull and fertilizer-N treatments. But it was clear that when vegetative growth was suppressed and yield decreased, the taste became bad. In conclusion, rice hull application affected the growth and yield of vegetable soybean. The problem of nitrogen starvation after the rice hull application could be alleviated by increasing fertilizer-N. Moreover, the rice hull treatment increased the N_2 fixation activity of root nodules and increased the yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (944K) -
Katsumi Kojima, Atsushi Ueta, Takeshi Tange, Hisayoshi YagiArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 809-815
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor further understanding of rhizosphere effects in the forest soil, chemical properties, nitrogen mineralization and soil enzyme activities were compared between rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil. Study sites were manmade forests of Abies sachalinensis and Picea jezoensis in the Tokyo University Forest in Hokkaido. Soil pH of rhizosphere was lower than that of non-rhizosphere soil. The contents of carbon, nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen of the rhizosphere soils were higher than those of the non-rhizosphere soils. Nitrogen mineralization potential(amount of rapidly and moderately decomposable organic nitrogen) and nitrogen mineralization activity of rhizosphere soils were higher than those of non-rhizosphere soil. From the relationship between the amount of nitrogen mineralization potential and nitrogen mineralization activity, it was suggested that the activity of microbes playing roles in nitrogen mineralization was higher in the rhizosphere soils than in the non-rhizosphere soils. Nitrification activity of rhizosphere soils was lower than that of non-rhizosphere soils. The lower pH of the rhizosphere soils seemed to affect the lower nitrification activity. Soil enzyme activities (protease, cellulase and acid phosphatase) of the rhizosphere soils were higher than those of non-rhizosphere soils. Rhizosphere effects differed neither in species nor sampling months.View full abstractDownload PDF (929K) -
Naoharu Mizuno, Kenji Horie, Shiro NosakaArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 816-825
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe main body of Mt. Bozu (alt.: 791 m) is derived from the serpentinization of ultramafic rocks in Hokkaido, and it has a large scree slope on its ENE side. The vegetation is sparse(around 20% in vegetational cover) and mainly herbaceous including seven ultramafic herb species. The characteristics of the chemical compositions of the ultramafic rocks, soils and the ultramafic plants of seven species in the area of Mt. Bozu areas follows. 1) The main elements in the ultramafic rocks are silica (SiO_2:39%), magnesia (MgO:37%), ferrous oxide(FeO:6.2%) and moisture (H_2O:16%). The four elements account for about 98-99% of the total components. The moisture content and magnesia concentration in the part of degradation are higher than that in the rocks after a landslide. 2) The distribution of soil pH is 6-8, and the exchangeable Ca concentration is about 1/5 of the exchangeable Mg concentration. The average exchangeable K concentration is very low (12mg kg^<-1>). Exchangeable Ni is less than 10mg kg^<-1>. 3) The concentration of phosphorus in the ultramafic plant leaves is lower than that in common plant leaves or tree leaves. Therefore, the relative concentrations of other essential elements (N,K,Mg,Ca,Mn,Fe,Cu,Zn) to phosphorus concentration are twofold higher than those in common plant leaves, and fourfold those in tree leaves. 4) The iron concentration is higher in ultramafic plants than in common plants or tree leaves. Therefore, the average Fe/Ni ratio is 20 in ultramafic plant leaves, 16 in common plant leaves and 5 in tree leaves. The nickel toxic symptom was observed only on the leaves of Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata, which had an Fe/Ni ratio of 5.View full abstractDownload PDF (1021K) -
Kenichi Sato, Kouji NakamuraArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 826-833
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe method of estimation of nitrogen mineralization of animal manure-coffee residue compost (AMCC) is proposed by combining a glass fiber-filter paper bag method with the accumulated effective soil temperature method. The estimated value of AMCC nitrogen mineralization by the proposed method agreed well with the measured value. The ratio of AMCC nitrogen mineralization to the AMCC added during the rice season was about 25%. The nitrogen mineralization of AMCC proceeded 60% till the maximum tillering stage and 70% till panicle formation stage in the planted field. The ratio of AMCC nitrogen mineralization by the equation was estimated to be about 25% in the pot, and the observed value was 19.5% (95% confidence interval, 15.9-23.6%) in the pot experiment. The results suggest that the proposed method of combining a glass fiber-filter paper bag method with the accumulated effective soil temperature method is useful to estimate the nitrogen mineralization. The AMCC applied before the wheat crop influenced the growth and yield of the following rice crop.View full abstractDownload PDF (1062K) -
Tadakatsu Yoneyama, Mio YoshidaArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 834-838
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOrganic carbon and nitrogen contents in soils and the natural abundance of carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ^<13>C, δ^<15>N) were analyzed to estimate old vegetation at three sites (Takarabe, Ooiwata,Yamada) in southern Kyushu. The soil samples were obtained from each layer of tephra profiles developed at the sites. C and N contents were relatively high in the kuroniga (buried humic ash) layer, while low in the Miike pumice layer, akahoya (highly glassy ash) layer and shirasu (pyroclastic flow deposit) layer. Theδ^<13>C of soil organic C ranged from -26.1‰ (which means the old vegetation largely originated from C_3 plants) to -19.2‰ (around 56% C_4 plant origin). Regarding the δ^<13>C of the lower kuroniga layers at the three sites, lower parts of the Miike pumice layer and kuroboku (highly humic ash) layer at Yamada were less than -24‰ (more than 79% C_3 plant origin). In other soil layers, larger in put of C_4 plant carbon was suggested from their higher δ^<13>C values. The δ^<15>N values ranged from +1.2‰ (which suggests large N in put by N_2 fixation) to +10.7‰ (which indicates δ^<15>N was enriched by N metabolism such as ammonia volatilization and denitrification). The δ^<13>C and δ^<15>N values were well correlated(R^2=0.4751, P<0.0001).View full abstractDownload PDF (566K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 839-
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Yasuyuki Fukagawa, Satoshi Yamada, Atsushi Ido, Masuo YamanouchiArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 840-848
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAccumulation and retransportation of calcium and magnesium in each leaflet were examined for stock 'Asanami,' cultivated according standard methods. In addition, the effects of Ca or Mg on growth, the quality of flower and the concentration of other elements in each part were studied by the use of stock grown in a sand culture with Ca treatments (0-500mg L^<-1>) or Mg treatments (0-300mg L^<-1>). We estimated the critical concentrations of Ca or Mg for the normal growth of stock. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Concentrations of Ca and Mg were higher in lower leaflets than in upper ones. The Ca concentration of each leaflet in creased with progression of the growth stage, but Mg concentration was not changed through out the growth. Neither ion was retransported to leaflets above the tenth leaflet. 2. The critical concentrations (g kg^<-1>) of Ca were 9 at the 21st-30th leaflets, 8 at the 31st-40th leaflets, 3 in stem and 5 in flower, and the range of luxurious absorption was wide. The critical concentration (g kg^<-1>) of Mg was almost 2 at the 11th-30th leaflets and flower, and 1 in stem, and the range of luxurious absorption was narrow in the stem and flower. 3. In almost all of the leaflets, P, Mg and Fe concentrations decreased significantly with the increase of Ca concentration, but Mn and Zn concentrations increased. The increase of Mg concentration significantly induced the decrease of Ca, but increases in P and Mn.View full abstractDownload PDF (1058K) -
Michio Yasuda, Taimei Okada, Takuhito NozoeArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 849-856
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the relationship between nitrogen enrichment by biological nitrogen fixation(BNF) and several soil managements in ways to pack soil into inverted polyethylene bottles, with opened bottoms and mouths set on a net in a paddy field in the Tohoku district of Japan. The polyethylene bottles were removed about 4 months later and the packed soils were divided into two layers; surface (1-2cm in depth) and next (1-2cm<). The amount of nitrogen enrichment was calculated by multiplying the difference in nitrogen contents between the two layers by dry weight of the surface layer soil. The results are as follows. 1) The amount of nitrogen enrichment by BNF was measured mostly within 1-3 g m^<-2> and that in common paddy soils without application of organic matter was 2.0gm^<-2>. The effects of soil management on nitrogen enrichment was shown in the following order: surface-spreading rice straw>puddling>mixed-rice straw>non-treatment. Especially, the effect of surface-spreading rice straw was remarkably high on drained paddy soils. 2) Nitrogen enrichment under surface-spreading rice straw was inhibited by the application of nitrogen fertilizer, and this inhibition in creased along with the movement to a higher concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the soil solution measured late in July. 3) The amount of nitrogen enrichment was correlated negatively with both total nitrogen content of soil and the concentration of ammonium nitrogen by soil incubation under submerged conditions. 4) The surface and next layer of soil were incubated under submerged conditions and a rate of mineralization of nitrogen enrichment was calculated from the difference in concentration of ammonium nitrogen between the two layers. The rate of mineralization was negatively correlated with the amount of nitrogen enrichment.View full abstractDownload PDF (930K) -
Sadahiro Yamamoto, Toshimasa Honna, Kaori Utsumi, Eneji Anthony Egriny ...Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 857-865
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the characteristics of soil humic substances evaluated by the optical properties of whole humus extract (WHE) without fractionation, the relationships between the optical properties of WHE extracted with sodium hydroxide under room temperature and the optical and extractable properties of humic (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) in the WHE were examined. 1) As for the absorbance of WHE at 600nm (Ae6), 80% or more of Ae6 originated from HA. The Ae6 of melanic andisols was almost equal to the absorbance of HA at 600nm (Ah6). On the other hand, the contribution of HA to the absorbance of WHE at 400nm (Ae4) was lower than that at 600nm, while the contribution of FA to Ae4 increased corresponding to the increase in the amount of FA in WHE. 2) Color density (CD), which was optical absorbance of nondiluted WHE at 600nm, was quantitatively explained by the contribution rate of HA to Ae6, the rate of humus extraction (Ce), the percentage of HA in WHE (PQ) and the optical index of HA at 600nm (RF) overall. Because the Ae6 of melanic andisols was considered in the absorbance of HA, the CD was explained by the amount (Ch=Ce×PQ) and darkness of the extracted HA in WHE, and indicated a high value by the extraction of more HA with darker optical properties. 3) EΔlogK{=log(Ae4/Ae6)} was explained by the following equation: EΔlogK=ΔlogK+log(α6/α4), where α6 and α4 were the contribution rate of HA absorbance to Ae6 and Ae4, respectively, and ΔlogK was the color coefficient of HA. EΔlogK showed a larger value than ΔlogK by the term of log(α6/α4), which increased in proportion to the percentage of FA in WHE. 4) CD evaluated both optical and extractable characteristics of HA at the same time, while EΔlogK evaluated not only the optical characteristic of HA but also the ratio of HA and FA in WHE. Therefore, the differences in humus characteristics by the soil types could be better explained with these indices than with the optical properties of HA alone.View full abstractDownload PDF (1032K) -
Norio Sato, Akihiro TaguchiArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 866-873
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo prevent nutrient loss which results from draining flooded water on paddy fields for transplantation and to confirm the suitable time between puddling and drainage, the daily changes in some of the nutrients in flooded water were investigated on a paddy field with different fertilizer applications, such as the amount of chemical fertilizer and the type of organic matter. These results are summarized as follows. The concentration of total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus in the flooded water on the paddy field decreased as the days after puddling increased. Four days after puddling, the concentration of ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus in the flooded water falls to slightly under ordinary fertilizer levels (60 kg N ha^<-1>, 80 kg P_2O_5 ha^<-1> and 80 kg K_2 O ha^<-1>). On the paddy field to which 80 kg N ha^<-1> was applied, the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the flooded water 6 d after puddling was more than 4 mg L^<-1>. The concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the flooded water on the paddy field to which 80 kg N ha^<-1> was applied, was always more than two times higher than that of 60 kg N ha^<-1> 6 d after puddling. The concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the flooded water on a paddy field to which rice straw or rice straw manure was applied decreased rapidly 2-3 d after puddling. Therefore, from 3 to 6 d after puddling, the concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the flooded water on the paddy field to which rice straw or rice straw manure was applied was obviously less than chemical fertilizer only. On the paddy field to which rice straw or rice straw manure was applied, suspended solids in the flooded water increased by the propagation of blue-green algae forming water bloom 5 d after puddling. When blue-green algae propagated, the concentration of Ca^<2+> and Mg^<2+> in the flooded water decreased distinctly. These results suggest that 80 kg N ha^<-1> and above as basal fertilizer is unsuitable for less nutrient loss. Moreover, under the fertilizer levels of 60 kg N ha^<-1> and 80 kg P_2O_5 ha^<-1>, it is necessary to keep flooding on paddy field for 4 d after puddling.View full abstractDownload PDF (1022K) -
Kazuhiko Egashira, Kouichirou Fukuda, Jin-Long HanArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 874-876
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Yaozong Jiang, Qiaomu Li, Satoshi Matsumoto, Shinzirou KanazawaArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 877-880
Published: December 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2017
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Tadashi Takahashi, Atsushi SatoArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 881-883
Published: December 05, 2000
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Kazuyoshi Yamada, Sunao Itahashi, Ryosuke KimuraArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 884-887
Published: December 05, 2000
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Masahiro Togashi, Noriko YamazakiArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 888-892
Published: December 05, 2000
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Shou Murakami, Kazuhiro Kon, Yoshihiro Kaneta, Takeshi Ota, Osamu Suga ...Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 893-897
Published: December 05, 2000
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Fujiyoshi Shibahara, Kunihiko Takehisa, Kiyoshi HasegawaArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 898-902
Published: December 05, 2000
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Isamu Nouchi, Kenichi KandaArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 903-913
Published: December 05, 2000
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Ryusuke HatanoArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 914-919
Published: December 05, 2000
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Kuni Sueyoshi, Toru FujiwaraArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 920-926
Published: December 05, 2000
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Shin-ichi Yamasaki, Masaaki Yoshiba, Kounosuke Fujita, Toshiaki Sekine ...Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 927-933
Published: December 05, 2000
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Takashi Kosaki, Kazuyuki Inubushi, Hisatake Kato, Hiroyuki Ishi, Satos ...Article type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 934-937
Published: December 05, 2000
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Takashi NishioArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 938-942
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Hideaki FukudaArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 943-
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Toshifumi YanagitaArticle type: Article
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 944-
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 945-
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages 946-
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages App2-
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Article type: Index
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages _1_-_6_
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Article type: Index
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages _1_-_7_
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Article type: Index
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages _1_-_4_
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Article type: Appendix
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages App3-
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2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages Cover3-
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Article type: Cover
2000 Volume 71 Issue 6 Pages Cover4-
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