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Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Index
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Index
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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Yasuhiro Mishiro, Katsumi Ohta, Shingo Matsumoto
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
431-438
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To evaluate the effect of localized deep placement of paste-like fertilizer, the growth and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispd) were examined in potted plants receiving different application rates of paste-like fertilizer, compared to standard fertilization using a compound fertilizer (standard, N, P_2O_5 and K_2O applied to the soil at a rate of 120 mg kg^<-1> respectively). When the paste-like fertilizer was applied at a rate that was 20-30% less than the standard, the dry matter production of lettuce could be comparable to that for the standard treatment. The content of red color tone, anthocyanin and Brix soluble solids in lettuce grown with paste-like fertilizer treatment applied at a 20-30% reduction rate was higher than that in lettuce grown with standard treatment, while the nitrate content was lower than that in plants grown with standard treatment. Therefore, these results suggested that localized deep placement of paste-like fertilizer might improve the quality of lettuce and reduce the rate of fertilizer application. When four kinds of fertilizer, i.e. compound fertilizer, paste-like fertilizer, coated fertilizer and rapeseed cake, were applied as side dressing treatment at a rate 20% less than the standard treatment in the container experiment, N uptake by lettuce receiving the side dressing treatments did not significantly differ from that in the standard treatment irrespective of the kinds of fertilizer. However, the nitrate content in lettuce grown with the side dressing treatment was lower than that in plants grown with the standard treatment. This tendency was especially remarkable with coated fertilizer and rapeseed cake treatments. The soil applied as side dressing promoted delayed nitrification; therefore it was considered that the reason for the decrease in nitrate in lettuce grown with side dressing treatment, especially coated fertilizer and rapeseed cake, was that the rate of nitrate uptake was relatively decreased, while that of other nitrogen forms, mainly ammonium, was increased.
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Hiroyuki Maki, Kazuhiko Watanabe
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
439-444
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As one of the measures for effective recycling of agricultural waste, we took special notice of the carbonization method. Onions carbides were prepared (500℃, 8 h), the carbides were used for the cultivation of Brassica campestris cv. komatsuna, and the effects of this method were evaluated. 1) Compared with carbides of coconut husk, onion carbides (500℃, 8 h) showed higher ash content, containing potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc., and we may expect much from the effects as fertilizer or the effect to improve soil acidity. 2) When onion carbides were used in an amount of 1-50. Mg ha^<-1>, the growth of Brassica campestris cv. komatsuna was promoted by 5-53%. An adequate quantity to use would be in the range of 5-10 Mg ha^<-1>. 3) It was observed that the water-retention property of soil was increased when the onion carbides were used in an amount of 5-10 Mg ha^<-1>.
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Takashi Nishio, Kenzo Miura
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
445-451
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tendency among the plots. However, the ratio of the amount of residual ^<15>N-labeled chemical fertilizer in soils to the total applied N was 23-47% in the plots where the dry hog feces were applied, which was far higher than in the other plots. This indicated that immobilization of N was enhanced by the application of the dry hog feces. Regarding the amount of ^<15>N-labeled fertilizer which was unaccounted for, the values of the plots of Low-humic Andosols were lower than those of Gray Lowland soils and Yellow soils. Recovery of ^<15>N-labeled fertilizer at harvest time suggested that the amount of N immobilized by soil microorganisms was comparable to that of N absorbed by maize in the dry hog feces plot, but that major portions of N contained in cattle feces compost still remained without being mineralized or immobilized by soil microorganisms.
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Keiichi Murakami, Fumiko Nakamura, Itsuo Goto
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
453-457
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Available phosphate accumulates in the soil in the production areas of cruciferous vegetables, where clubroot occurs frequently. The causal relationship between the concentration of available phosphate in the soil and the incidence of clubroot disease was investigated. Artificially phosphate-enhanced soil samples prepared by the addition of phosphoric acid (0-50 g kg^<-1>, as P_2O_5) and resting spores of clubroot (0-10^7 g^<-1>) to the subsoil of andosol, suppressive soil, were used in the experiment. The effects of excess phosphate in the soil on the adsorption rate of the resting spores to the soil colloids and on the root hair infection rate in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) were examined. The results showed that the adsorption rate fell and the root hair infection rate rose with the increase of the phosphate concentration in the soil. In addition, it was confirmed through a pot culture test using Qing gin cai (Brassica chinensis L.) that excess phosphate promoted the generation of clubroot. These results suggest that the mechanism by which excess phosphate in the soil promotes clubroot is as follows: The subsoil of andosol, which is positively charged due to the great quantity of positive charges on the surface of the colloids, adsorbs the resting spores, and suppresses clubroot by regulating the movement of the resting spores through the soil. By the application of phosphate to the suppressive soil, the number of positive charges of the soil colloids decreases and the resting spores adsorbed by the positively charged colloids-are released. The resting spores then reach the root hairs of the cruciferous plant, and infect it. It is concluded that the excess application of phosphate to soils promotes the incidence of clubroot.
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Kenzo Miura, Takashi Nishio
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
459-465
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The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supplied to carrot was designed to be, equal among the plots of chemical fertilizer, cattle feces compost and dried hog feces, considering substitution rate and relative fertilizer efficiency, with the four soil types of Cumulic Andosols, Low-humic Andosols, Yellow soils and Gray Lowland soils. Influences of application of organic materials and soil types on nitrogen balance and nitrate nitrogen concentration of soil solution at the depth of 60 cm just below the rooting zone were investigated. The results obtained are summarized below: 1) The yield and the amount of nitrogen uptake were influenced by the fertilizer treatment and different soil types: they were relatively high for the plots of cattle feces compost and dried hog feces for Yellow soils and Gray Lowland soils. The mean nitrate nitrogen concentration during the cultivation period was related closely with the dry matter yield and the amount of nitrogen uptake. 2) The nitrogen balance, i.e., the difference between input and output was relatively low for the plots of chemical fertilizer for Yellow soils and Gray Lowland soils, indicating that the potential environmental pollution was low. On the other hand, the nitrogen balance considering the amount of inorganic nitrogen supplied during the cultivation period was relatively low for the plots of dried hog feces for Yellow soils and Gray Lowland soils. 3) The mean nitrate nitrogen concentration of soil solution during the cultivation period was relatively high for the plots of cattle feces compost for Yellow soils and Gray Lowland soils. Among the soil types, it was relatively low for Cumulic Andosols and Low-humic Andosols, probably due to high moisture retention and adsorption of nitrate.
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Toshiaki Kumei, Susumu Takai, Shigekata Yoshida, Shozo Kuwatsuka
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
467-469
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Shu Furuya, Chieko Furukawa, Akemi Yamamoto, Kyohei Ozutsumi, Minoru I ...
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
471-474
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Akitoshi Yokoyama, Yuichi Saeki, Satoko Shibata, Yoshitaka Nagatomo, S ...
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
475-478
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Reinosuke Ida, Yumi Inamura
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
479-482
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Iwao Kitagawa, Harunobu Takeuchi, Yoshio Yokoi
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
483-486
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Kei Fukuda, Tsukasa Matsumura, Yusuke Yamaguchi, Toshiomi Miyoshi
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
487-491
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Tadayuki Taniizumi
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
493-495
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Kazue Mizuta, Kazuhiro Kadoshige, Toshiyuki Ibaraki
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
497-500
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Katsumi Yamamoto, Kazunari Tsuchiya
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
501-504
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Jian Feng Ma
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
505-509
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Kiyoshi Tsutsuki, Hiroaki Sumida
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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Masakazu Aoyama
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
511-512
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Haruo Shindo
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
512-513
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Tohru Miyajima
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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Masayuki Kawahigashi
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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Nobuhide Fuiitake
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
514-515
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Hiroaki Sumida, Kiyoshi Tsutsuki
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
515-517
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Syunrokuro Fujiwara, Itsuo Goto, Masanori Saito, Kiyonori Haga
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
519-
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Syunrokuro Fujiwara
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
519-521
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Hiroyuki Suzuki
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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Kazuko Iida
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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Kazuhiko Watanabe
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
523-524
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Arata Katayama
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
524-525
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Katsumi Yamamoto
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
525-526
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Itsuo Goto
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
526-527
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Itsuo Goto
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
527-528
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Shinji Miki
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
529-530
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Yukihiro Kamimura
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
531-532
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Kazuyuki Inubushi, Makoto Kimura
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
533-534
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Jian Feng Ma
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Bibliography
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
537-541
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
543-545
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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[in Japanese]
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Bibliography
2004 Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages
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