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Article type: Cover
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Index
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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Takashi Shingyoji, Tsuneo Matsumaru
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
355-362
Published: August 05, 2007
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Carbonized cattle manure (CCU) are a promising alternative for recycling animal waste on farm lands while minimizing nitrogen loads to the environment. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of CCU application rate and subsequent salt removal by irrigation on the growth and nutrient uptake of Komatsuna (Brassica raga L.), and nutrient leaching from the soil. The CCU produced at 500℃ was applied to two different soils, a humic Andosol and a coarser-textured Brown Lowland soil, in an amount equivalent to 1, 3 or 6 times the recommended phosphate fertilizer application of 150kg-P_2O_5 ha^<-1>. Where CCU equivalent to 900kg-P_2O_5 ha^<-1> was applied, salt removal treatment was also tested by applying 63mm of irrigation water 7 and 48d after seeding. Irrespective of the CCU application rate, no plant growth inhibition was observed in the Andosol, while the growth was significantly inhibited in the Brown Lowland soil when CCU equivalent to 450kg-P_2O_5 ha^<-1> or more was applied. After the first salt removal by irrigation, the growth inhibition became statistically insignificant in terms of dry weight of the upper plant, although a suppression of P, K, Ca and Mg uptake was still observed. The dominant leached ions upon the first salt removal treatment were Cl and K, with the concentrations in the effluent of 3,774mg L^<-1> and 2 069mg L^<-1>, respectively, from the Brown Lowland soil, and 2,025mg L^<-1> and 2,517mg L^<-1>, respectively, from the Andosol. These highly concentrated salts were assumed to be derived from the CCU and responsible for the inhibition of the plant growth. The double salt removal treatments were ineffective in view of the fact that the leached Cl accounted for only 13% of Cl contained in the CCU applied to the pot. These results suggest that the CCU should be applied at a rate equivalent to the recommended P fertilizer application, and that salt removal from the CCU prior to application should be effective for avoiding salt problems.
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Yoshiyuki Orimoto, Masahide Takei
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
363-369
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East Indian Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is mainly cultivated in the Lake Kasumigaura and Kitaura Basin in Ibaraki Prefecture, and the effluent nitrogen from the fields is considered one of the causes of nutrient enrichment of the lakes. Two experimental plots were set up to develop a method for reducing the nitrogen effluent: 1) a conventional plot, where 240kg ha^<-1> year^<-1> of nitrogen divided into three portions of 80kg ha^<-1>-a basal dressing with 2 top-dressings-was applied and an irrigation gate was controlled manually to keep the soil surface flooded throughout the year to prevent rhizome rot ; 2) a low-input plot, where the nitrogen rate was reduced to 29% of the conventional rate with a single application of coated fertilizer as the basal dressing, and the irrigation gate was controlled automatically with an auto-irrigator for water saving. The yield and nitrogen balance of each plot were examined. The yield of East Indian Lotus at the low-input plot was almost equal to that at the conventional plot. The net nitrogen input to the low-input plot during the crop period (341d) was 210kg ha^<-1>, 30% less than that to the conventional plot. Thus, the effluent nitrogen from the low-input plot during the crop period was 68kg ha^<-1>, 41% less than that from the conventional plot. The decrease in effluent nitrogen at the low-input plot was due mainly to the decrease in the amount of surface drainage as an effect of irrigation water saving.
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Futami Yamamoto, Tsuneo Matsumaru
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
371-378
Published: August 05, 2007
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We developed a method for the application of total fertilizer nitrogen within a chain pot system using a controlled release fertilizer for summer welsh onions and for winter welsh onions. The chain pot system is a method of raising seedlings which places paper pots (chain pots) connected in the shape of a chain into the nursery box of Welsh onions. This method is an epoch mathing method of raising seedlings because of the ability to plant the chain pot seedlings with a planting machine. 1. The ratio of nitrogen leaching out of a coated ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate preparation of the 140-day type (2401-140S), a fertilizer with initial nitrogen leaching suppressed, was 1.6% for summer welsh onions and 3.4% for winter welsh onions during the period of raising seedlings. No high-concentration damage to onion nursery plants occurred with either cropping type during the period of raising seedlings. 2. The application of the controlled release ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate preparation of the 140-day type at 120kg ha^<-1> without top dressing yielded harvests for summer welsh onions and for winter welsh onions, which were equivalent to harvests obtained from a standard fertilizer application rate. This resulted in a low-fertilizer application: 50% of 240kg ha^<-1> of nitrogen, the standard fertilizer application rate. 3. This fertilizer application method improved the recovery ratio of applied nitrogen to 44% for summer welsh onions of the 120kg ha^<-1> plot from 22% of the plot of the standard application rate. This fertilizer application method also increased the ratio to 60% for winter welsh onions from 30%. 4. The amount of soil nitrate remaining after cultivation for summer welsh onions in the plot of 120kg ha^<-1> of nitrogen applied by this fertilizer application method was less in every soil layer 0〜60cm deep than the amount of the soil nitrate in the plot of the standard rate of nitrogen application. The amount of the soil nitrate remaining after cultivation for winter welsh onions similarly decreased in soil horizons 0-45 centimeters deep.
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Noboru Muramatsu, Kiyoshi Hiraoka, Daisuke Satake, Yoshio Shiomi, Kazu ...
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
379-382
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Shigeru Uenosono, Makoto Nagatomo, Shigeru Takahashi
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
383-386
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Keiichi Murakami, Fumiko Nakamura, Itsuo Goto
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
387-390
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Futami Yamamoto, Tsuneo Matsumaru
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
391-394
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Yuichi Kakisaka, Hitoshi Kanno, Masami Nanzyo, Kazuhiro Watanabe
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
395-398
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Isao Akagi, Motoki Nishihara, Shigehide Ueda, Akitoshi Yokoyama, Yoki ...
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
399-402
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Junki Ito, Masaki Kurao
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
403-406
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Wataru Oyanagi, Yoshiaki Ando, Toshihiko Tanahashi
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
407-410
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Nobuaki Yamada
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
411-416
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Tetsuji Yanagihara
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
417-418
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Article type: Bibliography
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
419-422
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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[in Japanese]
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2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2007 Volume 78 Issue 4 Pages
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