Developing speed model is challenging particularly when vehicles with diverse static and dynamic characteristics use the same carriageway without any segregation. The traffic composition in this case, plays an important role in determining the speed. Determination of Passenger Car Unit (PCU) requires speed information of individual vehicle types. On this background, the present work aims to study the influences of traffic volume and its composition on speed and PCU of individual vehicle categories. Classified traffic volume and speed data were collected from several mid-block locations on two lane undivided urban roads. While formulating the speed model, Lambert W function was purposefully incorporated. Validation results showed a good agreement between the observed speeds and the speeds predicted by the model developed. The predicted speeds by the model were utilized in estimation of PCU. Finally, the sensitivity analysis was performed to capture the influence of traffic volume on individual speed and PCU.

View full abstract

Accurate estimation of travel speed along a transport facility is necessary in order to ensure that the facilities meet the required performance. In this paper, the performance of the Highway Capacity Manual travel speed model is checked for Japanese roads. Then, a travel speed estimation model is developed from data collected along a road section in Hamamatsu City, Japan. The model provides an estimate of the average travel speed along a road section by inputting demand flow rates, section length, number of signalised intersections, signalised intersection density, and the number of access points along the road in the travel direction. It is found that the travel speed slightly increases with increased section length, and decreases with increased access points and higher number and density of signalised intersections.

View full abstract

Countdown timers can reduce startup delays and improve queue discharge, however researchers have reported an increased occurrence of red light violations in the presence of such timers. In this study, we conducted an experiment in order to examine whether it's possible to retain the benefits of the timer while limiting the problem of red light violations at startup, as the signal switchess from red to green. We investigated the impacts of seven different patterns of timer display, and no timer, on drivers of different characteristics (i.e. sex and age group) under an in-rush situation. The evaluation criteria include the influences of the timers on the startup delay and the occurrences of anticipated startup. From the findings, counting down every second and switching to a plain red light a second before green (1sR) lowered the occurrence of red light violations at startup from that of a general countdown timer.

View full abstract

Inside intersection pavement markings category in Japan and Philippines are different, and the difference of its impact to mobility performance are still unknown. Left-turn lanes (right-turn in Japan) is one of key movements in urban signalized intersections and their capacity must be maximized. This paper aims to investigate the difference of the mobility performance of the right-turn guide lines in Japan and Yellow-Box pavement markings in the Philippines in terms of saturation flow rate, trajectory variation and speed. The analysis reveals that the turn guide lines are effective in achieving small turning vehicle trajectory variation and high saturation flow rate which are affected by the traffic signal phasing and the geometric layout of the turn lanes of the signalized intersection. The absence of guide lines of yellow box pavement markings creates cross-maneuvering behavior that lower the saturation flow rate of the turning lane.

View full abstract

This paper focus to study on riding behaviour change, such as speed, brake force and throttle force applied, when they ride across speed hump. The instrumented motorcycle which equipped with various types of sensor, on-board camera and data logger, were used in acquiring the traffic data in this research. Riders were instructed to ride at two speed humps and riding data were then analyzed to study the behaviour change from different riders. The results from statistical analysis showed that the riding characteristics such as speed brake force and throttle force applied are influenced by distance from hump, riding experience and travel mileage of riders. Riders were tend to apply higher brake intensity at distance 50m prior from speed hump and release the braking after distance -10m from hump. Furthermore, riders were found released throttle and applied brake to reach a comfortable speed to cross the hump and accelerate only after the hump crossing. In short, speed hump seems have different rates of influence towards riding behaviour on different factors, such as distance from hump and different riders' attributes.

View full abstract

The concept of the homogeneous vehicle equivalent number was widely known in the capacity analysis in macroscopic perspective. The term of Passenger Car Unit (PCU) is generally used in the mixed traffic, which consists of two types of traffic; cars and motorcycles. In Indonesian Highway capacity manual, traffic is classified into three categories: motorcycle, light vehicle, and heavy vehicle with static PCU values. On the other hand, the concept of Dynamic Passenger Car Unit (DPCU) with two types of traffic is established in the present study. The value of DPCU is changed dynamically by traffic states determined by speed, flow and the composition of traffic. The variation of DPCU value is modeled by using these parameters. Then, the model is applied to the actual traffic. As a result, it is shown that DPCU can describe the relationship between Flow and Density with fewer variations comparing to static PCU.

View full abstract

Understanding and description of traffic dynamics in large-scale networks is difficult and challenging procedure due to complexity of the network, limited amount of available information regarding vehicle movements and great number of different factors which affect traffic conditions. To deal with these issues, in current study large-scale urban areas is substituted by a continuous medium, and traffic flows are treated as two-dimensional flow on it. Spatiotemporal characteristics of this two-dimensional flow were investigated with the help of actual large-scale probe vehicle data. Specifically, probe vehicle data, sampled from the vehicles travelled in Tokyo area for one month period were used. After data preprocessing and transformation, spatiotemporal dependencies in the whole area, as well as in smaller regions were examined. The results showed distinct patterns according to different spatial locations, temporal intervals and local features, such as existence of highways or high degree of arterials roads. These results suggested the applicability of proposed approach in order to analyze and describe dependencies in two-dimensional traffic flow by means of probe vehicle data.

View full abstract

In this study, we evaluated multimodal network performance under different travel conditions using vehicle macroscopic fundamental diagram (vMFD) and passenger macroscopic fundamental diagram (pMFD). The MFDs of cars and public transport users under different mode, route, and departure time choice scenarios were estimated based on a multiagent transport simulation framework. The vMFD and pMFD have been presented in the literature using, among other measures, different relationships between flow and density. These methods are analyzed to identify the most appropriate representation of a multimodal network’s performance. It was found that, to capture the traffic conditions leading to the maximum flow, both vMFD and pMFD should be presented using vehicle densities. The results showed a reasonable interpretation of network performance under different choice scenarios using the suggested diagrams. It is concluded that mode choice ratio and departure time shifting have markedly large effects, whereas route choice does not.

View full abstract

Developing countries have heterogeneous traffic conditions with weak or no lane-discipline, which allows vehicles to occupy entire width of the road. When a vehicle approaches slow moving vehicles in front of it, the driver will decide whether to overtake or follow it, based upon certain traffic conditions. In this paper, the authors have estimated this overtaking decision in mixed traffic conditions, based upon lateral and longitudinal positions of leading and following vehicles, their speeds and their vehicle types, using logistic regression. It is observed that overtaking chance increases significantly with increase of lateral staggering or absence of any hindrance to overtake. It decreases with increase of longitudinal distance, or decrease of relative speed. Developed models are validated for different vehicle pair combinations. The results from this paper would be helpful to predict the overtaking decision-making of drivers in mixed traffic conditions, and can be input in a traffic simulation model.

View full abstract

With the increased market penetration of mobile devices, probe-based travel time collection techniques that use wireless technologies such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and GPS are attracting more interest in developed nations. Compared to conventional point detectors, the probe-based systems have merits in that they not only obtain direct link travel times but also require a low budget. However, outliers and short-term biases are the two main issues to be addressed, especially when a probe-based system is deployed on signalized arterials. Outliers are inevitable, mainly due to access points (gas stations, stores, etc.) and exit/entry routes on the corridor. Short-term biases mostly occur from traffic signals on the route that make some vehicles stop and allow others to move. This phenomenon can be more significant under the conditions of a low probe sample, short signal spacing, many signals, and so on. In this paper, techniques for resolving the outlier and bias problems on a signalized arterial are proposed. To address the outlier issue, the Ferguson statistical test, which is designed to iteratively remove outliers until no more deviated values exist, was applied; to tackle the bias issue, the Loess smoothing technique, also known as locally weighted polynomial regression, was applied. Data used for this study were manually obtained by a license plate matching technique on a signalized suburban arterial near Seoul in Korea. Two-day-long data with a span of six hours on each day including the morning peak contained many outliers and were filtered using the Ferguson test. Subsequently, the Loess smoothing technique was applied to the filtered data with different sampling plans: 25, 15, and 5%. As a result, travel time accuracies were markedly enhanced in the lowest sampling rate of 5% and the accuracy differences were proven to be statistically significant, while the opposite was found for other sampling plans. The proposed methods are expected to be applied for generating reliable travel times in probe-based systems in practice.

View full abstract

For the safety performance and smooth operation of roundabouts, designing geometric elements that can realize appropriate driving behavior is an important issue, particularly regarding the S-shaped trajectory which is different from ordinary intersections. However in Japan, this kind of roundabout driving behavior characteristics has not yet been studied enough. In this study, video surveys for driving behavior by using an UAV were carried out at four roundabouts with different geometric design and their impacts on driving behavior are analyzed. As a result, the entry radius and the angle between entry and exit legs are shown as critical factors for the speed-curvature relationship concerning travelling stability as the characteristics of driving behavior. And also, in order to reduce the unfavorable variation in driving behavior, it is suggested that entry radius should not be overdesigned.

View full abstract

The selection and prioritization method of potentially dangerous spots identified by local residents was proposed for traffic safety prevention measures. Then, the method was applied to Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. A large-scale questionnaire survey was conducted. Moreover, the proposed method and the application result were verified using the data of fatal accident actually happened after the survey from the viewpoint of matching of occurrence place and the priority level. As a result, fatal accidents actually has occurred after the survey at the high priority point determined by using the proposed method, regarding fatal accidents between motor vehicle and pedestrian. Therefore, if the scope of application is limited to fatal accidents between motor vehicle and pedestrian, the proposed method are considered effective for prioritizing as preventive measures.

View full abstract

Results from earlier studies indicated that using fragrance in the car is effective in keeping driver alertness especially on drowsy driver. This study was conducted to determine the effect of lemongrass and pandan as in-vehicle fragrance on driving behavior. Twenty (20) test subjects comprised of 10 men and 10 women were tested by using driving simulator. A set of questionnaire was distributed to the test subjects to assess driver emotions after completing the driving task. Our results indicated that fragrance did not affect the average speed of drivers. The results also showed that gender had no significant effect on the driver’s average speed behavior across the fragrance conditions. However, the emotions of the drivers were positive due to the presence of these fragrances.

View full abstract

Close-following behaviour has been reported as one of the major factors which contributed to road accidents in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of socio-demographic factors, driving and vehicle characteristics on the close-following behaviour. This paper presents a preliminary results of n=150 respondents on their perceptions and beliefs of close-following behaviour. Through multiple regression analysis, the close-following behavior model is discussed. It was discovered that type of vehicle use, trip purpose, driving experience, speeding fined, driving speed, job status, average travel time and average travel distance were the factors which influenced the close-following behavior among the drivers. The accuracies of the independent variables, in predicting the close-following behavior was 74.1%. The findings from this study will be beneficial and significant to understanding the close-following behaviour among the drivers and to implement policies which can improve road safety in general.

View full abstract

Motorcyclists traditionally have been considered as a high-risk population. The question that arises here is whether negative experiences affect driver behavior or not. Identifying the rider's behavior and negative experience can help to clarify the nature of the accident. This study examines how profile of motorcyclists and their negative experience define their riding behavior on the road to identify factors that associated with bad behavior on the road. This study adopts structural equation modeling to analyze the collected data from 142 respondents of different age and backgrounds. All the data was collected from Colombo district in Sri Lanka. The study confirmed that there is a strong positive relationship between the rider's bad behavior and past negative experience as also found by other studies. The results also show that young riders are more likely to have bad behavior and lack of safety behavior has been identified as the major factor.

View full abstract

This study aims to model and analyse the influencing factors of local motorcyclists' intentions towards traffic violations and speeding in Denpasar, Bali using Structural Equation Model (SEM). SEM was constructed to examine the causal relationship among the motorcyclists' characteristics, perceptions and behavioural intentions. Sensation seeking and attitudes towards risky riding are significantly found to influence motorcyclists' intentions towards traffic violation and speeding. Motorcyclists in Denpasar are more likely to contribute on future traffic violation and speeding behaviour providing there appears to be a degree of control. In addition, male compared to female motorcyclists in Denpasar are more likely to get involved in sensation seeking, while young motorcyclists compared to the older ones are more likely to engage in traffic violations. Further studies on gender and age differences in attitudes towards traffic violation are suggested to provide more target specific and effective reduction strategies of motorcycle accidents in Denpasar, Bali.

View full abstract

Speeding behaviors in mixed-traffic environments, where different types of vehicles participate, are influenced significantly by social-cognitive factors (e.g., drivers attitude, benefits). Quantitative measurement of these factors is there for important for traffic managers/controllers to determine optimal strategies to reduce the accident risks exposed to stakeholders (e.g. operators of a road network, users, and the public). This paper applies a statistical approach using regression analysis to quantify the influences of social-cognitive factors in a mixed-traffic environment. Precisely, in the proposed methodology, an integrated behavior analysis framework is developed based on the extension and combination of the theory of planned behaviors and the health belief model for a mixed-traffic environment. The methodology was tested with an example of mixed-traffic environment in Vietnam, where two wheels motor vehicles are dominant.

View full abstract

Based on causality analysis using driving simulator data, this study analyzes the effectiveness of speed reduction markings installed in the straight lane approaching transition curve section on the road. Focusing on the spacing pattern of transverse marking lines constituting the speed reduction markings, which is referred to as an array pattern, this study assumes that linear deceleration rates of the vehicle before an arbitrary cutoff point placed experimentally on the straight lane do not differ between the reduced spacing pattern and constant spacing pattern. By performing a difference-in-differences analysis using panel data, it is pointed out that there is a significant difference between both rates after the cutoff point. Finally, it is concluded that the reduced spacing pattern needs to be changed when the horizontal curve radius changes, except in the case that drivers approaches the curve with the speed close to the design speed of the curve.

View full abstract

This study was conducted to explore the role of trust on driver's reacting behavior when an alert is triggered by the intersection movement assistance (IMA) system, based on data collected from 26 participant vehicles equipped IMA under real field operation as well as questionnaire design and survey. Moreover, some important factors related to trust were measured, in order to develop a model to realize the principle about how drivers establish and modify their trust. The study results show that driver's reacting behavior has positive correlation with trust in IMA. The trust before using IMA has positive correlation with expected usefulness and mental model, and the trust after using IMA has positive correlation with perceived usefulness and expectation confirmation. The study results are expected to illustrate the effect of the trust and provide some suggestions based on the principle of how trust develops

View full abstract

Driving around curved road is a usual task performed by many on a daily basis but the underlying influences of attention of the driver under different curve conditions largely unknown. Previous research has shown that driving performance and visual performance can be a critical component of bends analysis. However, with change of road conditions and vehicle information, there is growing competition over the attentional resources that are needed to vehicle maneuver. Here we examined how different curved roads influenced driving attention performance along a simulated curved road. Twenty-eight subjects of different ages and occupations were invited to participate in the experiment. Results showed there are clear differences on attention between the curved road groups. Under the continuous curves, drivers suffer the more complex driving environment and need to observe the more objects, scatter attention, increased the scope of observation which will increase the cognitive workload, decrease attention and UFOV.

View full abstract

We analyzed the impact of demographic variables, driving stresses in the real world, driving behaviors related to stress, and unsafe driving behaviors on accident involvement among professional drivers in Myanmar. The aim of the study is to investigate whether driving stress as well as demographic variables can be linked with driving behaviors and lead to traffic accidents. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is developed to represent the relationship, and Yuan-Bentler residual-based test statistics are used to validate the model structure, as the sample size is small. The results confirmed that driving stress as well as demographic variables affect driving behaviors and lead to traffic accidents.

View full abstract

This study assessed the ability of the extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to account for motorcyclists' intentions to comply with the school zone speed limit (SZSL) in 2 specific scenarios: presence of other drivers driving and the presence of school children in a school zone. A sample of motorcyclists (N=634) was surveyed with a questionnaire constructed to measure attitudes toward behaviors, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, habit, personal norm and behavioral intentions. Results showed that the scenarios affect the motorcyclist attitude, habit and personal norm. In particular, with the presence of school children in a school zone, attitude and personal norm became significant predictors of intention to comply. In contrast, with the other drivers driving in the school zone and no school children around that area, attitude and habit were the significant predictor towards intention to comply. The relation between attitude and behavioral intentions was consistently stronger between the two scenarios.

View full abstract

The main objective of the study is to raise awareness on the risk susceptibility of the general public on domestic air travel in the Philippines. Annual incident, accident and fatality rates per million departures from 1995 to 2015 were computed and analyzed. Philippines' average accident rate is 3.04, relatively low compared to the global average of 3.83. The country has not had any accident since 2010 and its fatality rate has been zero since 2003. Runway excursion during landing is the most frequent incident/accident while controlled flight into terrain during descent has the highest fatality rate. Safety cultures in aerodromes and recommended flight safety procedures were also identified. Using IAOGP safety assessment mechanism, the safety scores of local airlines were computed using parameters such as management and operational environment factors. Airlines A and B scored 6.544 and 6.765, respectively. Philippines performs above average in most aviation categories set by ICAO.

View full abstract

Personal mobility vehicles (PMVs) are emerging as an eco-friendly transport mode in urban environments. Under current law, PMVs are prohibited on shared sidewalks and public areas in East Asian urban environments mainly due to safety concerns. Few previous studies have explored safety issues related to PMV and pedestrian mixed traffic through controlled experiments. One critical limitation of experiment-based approaches is the difficulty in considering critical or risky scenarios mainly because of safety and ethical issues. Thus, simulation-based approaches may be more appealing in overcoming such difficulties and evaluating different scenarios. In this paper, a social force based microscopic simulation model, which has already been calibrated for PMV-pedestrian mixed traffic, is utilized to evaluate safe avoidance distance of pedestrians in PMV-pedestrian mixed traffic situations. Data collected through controlled experiments are also used to validate the simulation based findings and discussions reported in this paper.

View full abstract

Since observational data are often used and variables in real life are often correlated, correlations among the variables are common in transportation research. In practice, this problem is often addressed by examining the correlations among the explanatory variables and estimating the variance inflation factors. More importantly, it is a common practice to exclude variables that are highly correlated from the regression model. This study provides some simulated cases to demonstrate that including highly correlated variables, as measured by correlation coefficients and the variance inflation factor in the estimation models, will not necessarily create significant estimation problems, at least in terms of coefficient estimates. Therefore, depending on the purpose of the research, researchers and practitioners should not automatically exclude any variables from their regression models simply because they are highly correlated with other explanatory variables. Some discussions on possible strategies to deal with multicollinearity are also provided.

View full abstract

Despite efforts to slow down motorized traffic on residential streets by setting the speed limit 30km/hr., excessive speeds on these roads are very common causing traffic safety problems. Speed humps have been known as traffic calming devices that can be used to effectively reduce speeding problems. The effectiveness of speed humps has been well documented in the past. However in previous studies it has found that, hump-caused speed reduction was observed unstable, which may be influenced by several external factors such as presence of intersection, road crossing, road geometry etc. This study, therefore; was designed to identify the external factors which may affect the inconsistency of speed reduction in free flow after installation of hump. A multiple linear regression analysis was used for the modeling effort. The result shows that, study street length, shape of hump, presence of intersection and crossing etc. are associated with speed where hump is present.

View full abstract

In 2014, the Kaohsiung City in Taiwan suffered from the gas pipeline explosions in the midnight, 32 people were killed, and hundreds of people injured. After the incidents, hazardous materials (hazmat) transportation is initiated to avoid pipeline transportation. However, studies on policies and routing strategies for chemical tank cars are still limited. The study develops a multi-objective formulation for hazmat problems and proposes a compromise weight algorithm for selecting hazmat routes under multi-objectives, including travel cost, travel risk and response capability. Risk assessment indexes are defined based on road characteristics, population distribution, link length, hazmat characteristics, and accident rate. In addition, the concept of response capability, such as fire-fighting resources, is added in the hazmat problem. Numerical experiments are conducted in the Kaohsiung network to illustrate the proposed algorithm. The results show the advantages of the proposed algorithm and also propose appropriate advices for authorities.

View full abstract

Understanding the road traffic safety scenarios of small cities is important given the large number of small cities in India. Identification of high-risk locations and adopting treatment strategies for the same in small cities will help in reducing traffic crash risk. This study presents the results of road traffic fatal crash data of two small size cities in India: Patiala and Rajpura and proposes a methodology of blackspot identification with minimal available police data. The study uses Empirical Bayes technique for blackspot identification which is recommended for best estimations of truly unsafe sites with minimal false identifications. The results show that there are 6 blackspots in Rajpura city, 35 in urban Patiala and 12 in rural Patiala. The blackspots mainly lie on the National highways, State highways and Major District roads passing through the cities.

View full abstract

Rapid technological and economic development have driven excessive consumption of energy and Co₂ emissions, which are polluting the environment and eroding natural ecology. Airports worldwide are placing greater importance on their environmental management. We first analyzed energy usage in international airports through literature eview and expert interviews, and then developed energy-saving strategies specifically for air conditioning and lighting systems in airports. Next we surveyed respondents in TPE, TSA and KHH, to gather their views on the effectiveness and difficulty of the proposed actions. Based on results, regular maintenance was considered the most effective and easiest way to conserve energy in air conditioning systems. For lighting systems, respondents indicted that improving regulation and control would be the most effective measure but selecting appropriate light fixtures the easiest to implement. These results can serve as reference for airports in developing energy conservation strategies.

View full abstract

The problems of transport network in both metropolitans and national road networks seem to be more serious when the system had changed from bicycle dependence to motorcycle dependence and now are quickly shifting to travelling by cars in the lack of good public transport infrastructures. The inevitable results will be unbalance and unsustainability in traffic and transportation system. The need of good mathematical tools for modelling and analyzing these problems becomes urgent. The main aim of this paper is to present graph theory as a tool to analyze and optimize transport systems. We will discuss on applied graph theory in modeling transport system. Some issues in transportation networks are considered in the view of graph-theoretical and optimized problems. Then the graph-theoretical approach is applied to solve these problems.

View full abstract

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are expected to increase road safety and ensure that the mobility needs of elderly people are met. This study investigates the social acceptability for the diffusion of AVs in Japan. An Internet-based survey obtained results from 1,250 participants who were based in all the regions of Japan. Factor and cluster analyses were used to analyze the obtained data. The major findings suggest that respondents who totally disapproved of AVs diffusion were anxious about its potential negative impact on road safety. In contrast, respondents who totally approved of the technology’s diffusion into society felt they could use it in many different scenarios and that it would have positive social effects. Using our findings and by referring to previous methodology for promoting innovative products, we developed a number of policy recommendations that can be used to create social acceptability for the diffusion of AVs.

View full abstract

Tourism and transportation industries have been playing as an important role to many economies, therefore it is critical to identify the inter-relationship among these industries in macroeconomic point of view and policies that impact on their development. In fact, the database such as input-output table to support analyses the impacts of transportation and policies on tourism promotion using inter-sectoral analyses are not always available due to the lack of explicitly presenting of both transportation and tourism industries in input-output table. The objective of this paper is firstly to apply the survey method to develop an IO table with transportation and tourism industries presented explicitly. Secondly, the top ten dominant industries of tourism are identified based on the input and output coefficients; transportation is one of the most dominant industries. Finally, the multiplier effect analysis is used to prove that transportation strongly promote tourism development. This result leads the critical need to have further inter-sectoral analyses of economic impacts of transportation on tourism.

View full abstract

In urban areas in emerging Asian economies, motorization fueled by rapid economic growth is causing severe traffic congestion. While some cities are taking various measures such as rail-based transit, it often takes time to develop a dense transit network. On the other hand, conventional paratransit services in these countries, which usually utilize a vehicle with 8 . 15 passenger capacity, are losing market share. In the developed countries, a new transit service sometimes called a “Microtransit Service,” with flexible routes and on-demand scheduling functions based on smartphone applications is emerging in some metropolitan areas. Taking these backgrounds into consideration, this paper reveals 1) potential demand for microtransit services and the estimated impact of microtransit services in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area; and 2) the merits of microtransit services from an operational perspective in a route in Bogor city, which is located in this metropolitan area.

View full abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate the applicability of Wi-Fi monitoring technology to the estimation of the boarding and alighting locations of paratransit passengers via a small-scale field test that was conducted in Krabi City, Thailand. From the results, we determined that: (1) with use of appropriate data cleaning procedures, many of the noisy data could be eliminated to a reasonable degree; (2) it would be reasonable to ignore Wi-Fi data for which the moving distances are too short, and regard them as outliers or irrelevant records; (3) when the proposed matching methods are used with the ground truth data, suitable numbers of the Wi-Fi data are well matched.

View full abstract

Compact city is one of the best alternative to develop an energy efficient city in Yogyakarta. One of the transportation problem is congestion, the lack of public transportation and non-renewable energy limitedly. The research objective is developing scenario of energy efficient city using TRANUS Modeling. The research approach is deductive quantitative method using TRANUS Modeling and is developed within 20 years of planning. This research founds that compact city is the lowest fuel energy consuming scenario. Compact city scenario only consumes 333.857 liters/day and can save fuel costs by 52%, or IDR 5.11 billion/day in 2016. Moreover, compact city and agglomeration scenario can reduce exhaust fumes of CO, each scenario can lower the fumes by 72% (5,804,883,456 ig/m3) and 15% (1,079,300,571 ig/m3). Compact city scenario apply the simulation of transport policy through constructing of mass and public transportation and constructing of park and ride, bike lanes and pedestrian.

View full abstract

It is challenging for drivers to interpret the symbols currently displayed on variable message signs (VMS) used on Japan’s intercity expressways. Most people have expressed the need for symbols that are easy to see and understand. Thus, this study proposes symbols and examines their use on roads and in tests on a driving simulator. The effect of the legibility of complex symbols displayed on VMS at expressway junctions is also discussed.

View full abstract

Low-cost carrier has a potential market in the developing country, especial in Vietnam. However, their customers still dissatisfy with low-cost carrier's service quality. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the key factors which influence service quality of low-cost carrier, in a case study of Vietjet Air in Vietnam. The conceptual model is built on the theory of seven criteria of service quality created by Christian Gronroos in (2000). The online survey was sent to collect 235 responses from the customers who has used Vietjet Air's service at least once. The multiple regression and structural equation modeling analyses were used to prove that all eight hypotheses are significant and positive supported. These findings contribute recommendations for low-cost carrier to improve the service quality.

View full abstract

The survival of paratransit services in Asian developing cities solely depends on users' perceptions and degree of acceptance. This paper explores the characteristics and perceptions of paratransit (Motodop and Remork) users in Phnom Penh. A questionnaire survey was carried out with 479 Motodop and 263 Remork users, between May 13 and 20, 2016. Results showed that Remork users perceived higher service quality and paid higher for the service (356 KHR/min) than did Motodop users (248 KHR/min). Older (age ≥ 35), lower educated people, and self-employed users tended to perceive a higher service quality of Motodops/Remorks than did their counterparts. Moreover, Motodop users faced a higher risk of traffic accidents or criminal incidents than did Remork users. Majority (83.4%.96.8%) anticipated better regulations for Motodop/Remork operations including growth control, professional uniform for drivers, standard fare system, and proper pick-up stations. Gathered data are useful for managing paratransit operations in the city.

View full abstract

E-commerce is the most importance business model recently, and the logistics service plays an important role in the system. In Asia, retailing delivery has been widely applied in the e-commerce actives, for a retailing delivery provider, understand the nonlinear relationship between service quality and satisfaction is a key strategy issue. The purpose of this study is to develop an evaluation model and discuss the retail logistics service strategy of retailing delivery system via the Factor Analysis and Cusp Catastrophe Model for three different kind cities. From the survey, we establish an evaluation model to analyze and describe the relationship among logistics service quality, switching barrier and satisfaction of the retailing delivery system using different kind of research methods. The results obtained in this study can be used to help the manager formulate marketing strategies and increase the satisfaction as well.

View full abstract

Significant rises in both the absolute number and the percentage of older people are evident in developed countries, and Australia is no exception. The findings of this study relating to transport and the experiences and the opinions of seniors provide guidance for the development of initiatives to improve the mobility of Adelaide's ageing population. This research reports the analysis of two sets data namely data from the primary survey done in 2012 and Census data of 2011. The research finds that the distribution of people aged 85 years and over is explained better by an area's access to health services. This research also demonstrates that it is quite likely that there will be a serious mismatch between the older people who need assistance and health service resources if the current spatial distribution of health facilities remain same.

View full abstract

Most large transportation terminals in large cities serve commercial functions in addition to the transportation function. Modern transport terminals are complex structures. Variety of passengers including unfamiliar visitors using transportation terminals depends on sign system for successful navigation. This study investigates sign system of a transport hub containing seven independent railway stations in Osaka City, Japan. An inventory survey was carried out to record the type and location of all signs. Another survey was carried out to quantify the proportion of signs subjected to eye contact of pedestrians. A further study was carried out to monitor the route choice behavior of pedestrians and estimate the effectiveness of the existing sign system.

View full abstract

This paper discusses the determinants of the intention to shift to a new high-quality Locally Adapted, Modified, and Advanced Transport (LAMAT) bus service in Ho Chi Minh City using a stated preference (SP) survey. Mixed logit models (MXL) are used to estimate the mode choice between motorcycles (MCs) and LAMAT in the SP choices. The use of a panel-MXL is shown to significantly improve the estimation results compared with the standard multinomial logit model. Accordingly, heterogeneity in the LAMAT choice is largely explained by citizens’ unobserved characteristics, whereas their preference for time and money might be homogenous. Additionally, four mode-specific factors, i.e., provision of information, air conditioning, seat availability (LAMAT), and the risk of traffic accidents (MCs) are found to be significant determinants of the intention to use the LAMAT bus service.

View full abstract

This study investigated fuel consumption of Angkot in Malang city, one of the local medium-sized cities in Indonesia. Angkot is a kind of ‘paratransit’ which is road-based public transport based on gasoline fuel. Because the cost of fuel is significant, it is important to shed light on the mechanism of fuel consumption of Angkot because some people in the mediumsized city in South East Asian countries are dependent on paratransit as a major form of urban public transport. From the field fuel consumption survey of Angkot, we estimated a fuel consumption model by conducting multiple regression analysis with reference to heat engine model. The estimated model suggested that while the amount of acceleration did not contribute to fuel consumption much, the amount of idling and moving distance contributed to fuel consumption considerably.

View full abstract

Indigenous, informal transport such as the Public Utility Jeepney (PUJ) or simply Jeepney provides widespread public transport service in Philippine cities. While PUJ may provide far reaching benefits to transport workers and passengers alike, research on the gendered aspect of PUJ use and patronage has received little attention. A significant factor contributing to daily travel behaviours, several studies have shown that there are gendered differences in travel patterns of individuals. This research paper addresses an important research question . the gendered dimensions of PUJs. Using a quantitative-based survey methodology research design to collect information related to PUJ travel time and delay, the research uses a heuristic examination to understand the perceived difference between genders on our transportation system. It uses Cagayan de Oro (Philippines) as its empirical case setting to examine how women experience transport exclusion, and imply why a more in-depth involvement in transport policymaking and leadership is called for.

View full abstract

This study investigates influential areas of motorized and non-motorized (pedestrian and bike) crashes at intersections. An influential area of an intersection is typically specified by a radius from the center of the intersection. Practitioners have applied the radius when gathering crash data for their traffic safety analyses. However, there has not been much effort in investigating if the range is appropriate and multiple radii have been applied to intersection safety studies due to the lack of analytical studies on the influence ranges. This research investigates the most probable influence ranges for both motorized and non-motorized crashes by analyzing distributions of crash locations. The result analyzed from 148 intersections in Michigan cities reveals 137 feet and 240 feet as influence ranges for non-motorized and motorized crashes, respectively.

View full abstract