An experiment in interactive television broadcasting, under the title, Hi-OVIS (Highly interactive-Optical Visual Information System), is currently being conducted in Higashi-Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture. This report is on that part of a series of studies on the process of acceptance of interactive television which was specifically planned to seek the characteristics of viewing patterns of programs produced by Hi-OVIS itself. Method: Subjects were the 154 Hi-OVIS monitor households. The survey was conducted between 7:20 and 9:40 p.m. on February 16th, 1979, and again between 7:20 and 9:36 p.m. on February 23rd, 1979. The programs used were a locally-produced interactive series, "Opinion 720, Parts 1 and 2." For each program, the first 50 minutes were on "Economic Viewpoints-Taxes," while the remaining portions were on "Traffic Conditions in Higashi-Ikoma." These themes had been selected based upon the needs of the monitor households. Viewing patterns were recorded by using the Hi-OVIS Genter's computer to print out, at one minute intervals, which monitor households were viewing the programs. Those households involved in two-way interaction were indicated on the printout with a small circle. Results: (1) Seventy-one of the 154 monitor households viewed the programs, however only about 76% of these viewed either of the two in its entirety. (2) About 35% of the house- holds viewed both programs from beginning to end. (3) Two-way interactive participation was more common for those who watched both programs in their entirety. (4) Comparatively speaking, those who interactively participated tended to be those who continuously viewed the programs from their beginning. Conclusions: We were able to understand some of the trends in viewing patterns for interactive programs from the above results. From our previous survey on viewing rates we had realized that interactive programming was becoming a part of the daily activities of the area's residents. This previous study also indicated that a consciousness of "participating in television" was being developed. The viewing pattern characteristics discovered this time tend to confirm the results of the previous survey. In the future, we are planning to conduct a study on the concrete influence of interactive TV in changing the daily lives of the residents of the area.

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This study is the result of formative research on the television program 'Hai Pose-Yoga exercises for 2-year-old children1, which analyzed visual attention, nonverbal imitative behavior and other television viewing "behaviors of 2-year-old chilren. Eight segments of 'Hai Pose' were produced by NHK. The stimuli programs were constructed with each of these segments and other various segments. 'Hai Pose I' was shown to 22 children in April, 1989. They gave more attention to this segment than the segment on the different kind of physical exercises for infants which was on the air. The revised 'Hai Pose II' was shown to 16 children in September, 1980. They imitated many of the poses of the film mediated models while viewing the segment. They showed significantly more nonverbal imitation than children who viewed 'Hai Pose I'. Six variations of 'Hai Pose' were produced, attributes of which were controlled in various ways. The attributes were 'length of segment1, 'sex of instructor1 and 'number of poses'. Six variations were shown to 80 children in December, 1980. The smaller the number of poses, the more the children tended to watch the segment. The shorter segment received more attention. There was no difference in the attention rate for a male instructor and a female instructor. Children showed more nonverbal imitation in every segment and every pose instructed by a man. Nevertheless. three segments were instructed by the same man and the other three segments were instructed by the same woman. Therefore more imitative behaviors might be inspired by a certain male character. Children showed more nonverbal imitation if they were given more instruction. 'Talking.to viewers' instruction was positively correlated with nonverbal imitation. Girls gave more attetion to most of segments than boys. In 'Hai Pose' children were shown an instructor, then a 2-year-old model child, and then the two models alternately doing the same exercises. If the model child was confused and did nothing, the watching children did not understand what was going on and could not imitate the the exercises. And if the movements of the instructor were too fast, the children could not keep up well enough to imitate. It is necessary to keep the above points in mind when producing a segment of this nature and researching the kind of exercises which are appropriate for 2-year-old children.

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The final purpose of broadcasting education is to teach students how to learn or how to resolve problems in the future. Recently a "learning society" has developed in Japan. For living in that society, it is necessary for students to learn how to learn. The best way of learning is through using educational programs. This report aims to make clear the fact that the utilization of educational programs is very effective to form the learning attitudes of students. For this aim, in cooperation with Mr. Koyama, teacher of Shoin senior high school in Nagoya, in July 1981 I researched by mail questionaire what educational materials students use best in learning English after their graduation from senior high school. Finally I got 160 answers from them. According to this research, the result is as follows: (1) English program utilization group (A) listened to more English language programs at home than non-utilization group (B) as they studied English continually after graduation. (2) The habit of using educational programs for self-learning is related to the utilization of educational programs in school. (3) After graduation, the highest utilization ratio of English programs is by the group using both TV & radio; the second is the group using only TV, and the lowest is the group using only radio. (4) It's not yet clear what the different effects on attitude formation in self-learning utilization are between senior and junior high schools students. (5) The research shows that group A is more active in using English programs than group B. According to the summarizations above, it becomes obvious that, through the utilization of English programs in school, students can gain a learning attitude for using educational broadcasting.

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