Citizen participation is defined in comparison with broadcasting in general as follows: In CATV the residents in particular areas express as receivers their opinions mainly about programs to the sender' and demand their realization or behave toward it. The necessity for participation lies in the fact that first from receiver's point of view they promote their interest in self-government and self-learning according to socials changes and complication and require adequated informations produced by sender. Second from sender's point of view it is needed to have residents pay increasing attention to programs and to have them keep close relation with sender for the sake of sound development of CATV in the areas. The grade and content of participation differ from the management which is under munucipality or private enterprises. CATV in munucipality will inevitably adopt active policies for citizen participation from the standpoint of self-government but CATV of private enterprises such as companies will be negative against it because of having to get into black business first of all. The forms of citizen participation have recently become manifold and may be divided into two broad categories; namely inside participation and outside. And the former contains three subcategories, that is, management participation, program participation and outside-program participation. Their problems are respectively discussed in this report and the importance is especially expressed to judge the content of citizen participation by the substance itself, not by the mere face of it. The more opened the opportunities for receiver to participate is, the more cautious consideration must be paid to the effect on them.

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This report is on a field research project involving Hi-OVIS (Highly Interactive-Optical Visual Information System) in HigashiIkoma, Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture. The purpose of this research is to discover how the lives of the people in the community have changed due to the appearance of this two-way interactive TV system. As a first step, this part of the research project was undertaken in order to clarify the process of acceptance by comparing the subscriber family viewing rate for a Hi-OVIS program with those of standard TV fare. The research involved 157 subscriber families. The program used was an interactive program titled "Let's talk." The survey was conducted from 7:55 to 10:24 P.M. on Saturday, November 25, 1978. The viewing rates were computed from data shown at one minute intervals on a display system within the Hi-OVIS Center giving the number of subscriber households tuned to various stations. The results definately showed that the viewing rate of subscriber families for the Hi-OVIS program was much higher than that for any individual regular TV station. Even though the survey was conducted during a Saturday night "prime time," when the regular TV stations broadcast popular programs with high viewing rates, the-people in the subscriber community were participating in the Hi-OVIS program. This fact indicates that the Hi-OVIS subscriber community is beginning to accept the new media, not as "present-day TV viewing" but as "a participatory communication media."

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The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of the TV program for young children, "What can you wake?", produced by N H K, upon the developments of creativity. The Ss are Kindergaten children (5 years old) divided into 2 groups, one of which views every program once a week for 2 months (Simple viewing group-SV group) and the other which views every program three times a week repeatedly (Repetitive viewing group-RV group). They were selected by the scores in the gnenral comprehension test before the experiment. The creativity test and the general comprehension test were given at 3 experimental sessions, pre-viewing (pre test), after viewing (post test) and after non-viewing (follow-up test). The creativity test consists of the word association, the multivocal figures and the incomplete figures activity test. They are given for the measurement of fluency, originality, flexibility, elaboration, sensibility and imagihation. The major results were as follows. 1. After the continuous viewing, both groups showed significantly improvements of the general complehension scores, and the viewing effects of RV group were higher than SV group (Fig 1). 2. We could not found direct effects of the contiouous TV viewing upon the developments of creativity in spite of the increment of the scores ofl the word association test as a function of the experimental sessions (Table 1). 3. The RV group showed a considerable progress in the originality and flexibility about images of the multivocal figures. As a result, we have a suggestion that the repetitive viewing of a program contributes to the developments of creativity about imagery (Fig 6). 4. There were no significant relationships between the continuos viewing and the developments of creativity about the incomplete figures activity test (Fig 9). The results above were considerded by two variables, which were the contents of TV program and the length of continuous viewing period.

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