Edaphologia

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The phylogeny of Kilungius insulanus, which is broadly distributed in the middle part of the Ryukyu Archipelago, was constructed based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I(COI) gene to evaluate the monophyletic hypothesis of this species. We collected K. insulanus samples from Amami-Oshima Island and Okinawa Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago. Our phylogenies demonstrated that the monophyly of K. insulanus was well supported with a relatively high bootstrap value. This monophyletic relationship was further confirmed by the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test. We found that there was a large genetic divergence between the populations in Amami-Oshima Island and Okinawa Island. Furthermore, there were genetically diverged lineages in Amami-Oshima Island. These results demonstrated that the populations of K. insulanus were genetically subdivided within and among islands, probably due to its limited dispersal ability. Future studies analyzing the populations in the other islands in the archipelago will clarify the origin and the diversification history of K. insulanus.

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Furcoribula tridentata Wen, 1991, originally described from North China was found from Hokkaido Island of North Japan. This genus Furcoribula and F. tridentata were newly recorded from Japan. One of the distinguished features of the genus is the tridactyles, and one of distinguished features of the species is the three dentes on the both side of anterior end of rostrum.

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Seasonal change of soil macro-fauna was investigated at three soil horizons (A0, A1 and A2) on Cryptomeria plantation (57 years old) in Boso peninsular, Chiba prefecture, central Japan. Research site was established at Kamenosawa in the University of Tokyo Chiba forest. Macro-fauna was collected by Tullgren funnel from soil samples. Fourteen soil samples were collected from research site once a month from March 1972 to January 1973 and March 1973. The total number of individuals of all macro-fauna were not so fluctuated from March to December in 1972 and highest at A1 soil horizon. Number of indivisuals of Crustacea was the lowest on May and June and the higher in winter. On the contrary, number of individuals of Oligochaeta was highest on May and June and lower in winter. Number of individuals of Diplopoda was the highest on July.

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