Today in Japan, it is said that the percentage of women who keep on sticking to their post is rather low; this is even true with women who try to get professional jobs after graduating from college as well as those who try to get clerical jobs or jobs related to service after leaving school This is due to such circumstances as marriage, delivery, and childcare. As a matter of course, reasonable systems and institutions should be considered for protecting working women. But under the existing circumstances, almost all the women have been working under unfavorable conditions. Then what kinds of individual conditions are contributing to the retirement or continued service of women? We investigated on women teachers who are considered to be enjoying the most advantageous and stabilized status among all women workers.
Purpose of investigation and its method:604 women who graduated from Nara Teacher's College under the new system were selected by randomsampling, Printed questionnaires were sent to them and after a little while were sent back. Fifty-five per cent of them were collected. The survey was conducted in January 1968.
Result:(1) Sixty-six per cent of examinees were married; 46 per cent of the graduates married within three years after they entered teaching profession. Moreover, 86 per cent of them had first child within two years after marriage; 57 per cent of their husbands were teachers; and if other workers, such as public servants and salaried men; 90 per cent of all their husbands were whitecollar workers including public officials and other salaried men as well as teachers. That is, “the teaching profession” may safely be said to be rather advantageous job for women in terms of marriage, delivery, and so forth. So it might be allowed to say that they could get along.
(2) But, under the existing circumstances, in spite of such a convenient condition, 20 per cent (63 women) did not stay in office.
(3) The difference between those two groups, those who still stay in office and those who quit their jobs, will be seen in the following conditions;
I. Surroundings
(a) That their husbands are teachers.
(b) That their husbands are in favour of wives' staying in office.
(c) That when the first child was born, they could live together with their parents.
These must be favorable conditions for working women to stay in office.
II. Mental conditions
(a) Between those two groups, there are no significant differences as to whether they chose Nara Teacher's College because they truly wished to become teachers, or against their will.
(b) As a result of investigation on how earnestly they studied from elementary school up to college, the following can be mentioned: those who were in staying group either had studied very hard or had been idle, while those who were in quitting group had not been so diligent.
(c) Those who are in staying group had hardly been interested in womanly plays in their childhood, such as playing at housekeeping and playing with a doll. It might safely be said that those who were in staying group have less womanliness.
(d) Many women teachers in both staying and quitting groups do not worry much about scholastic achievements and abilities of their children.
(e) Their educational points of view may be divided into four types as follows;
It was found that a high percentage of women teachers in quitting group are motherly teachers while many of those in staying group have raional thinking about education.
Conclusion:It is sure that teaching profession is an advantageous is for women, but if they really wish to go on working, they should get out of conventional notion, and to some degree, should relinquish womanliness. That is to say, it will be necessary for us to regard them not as women teachers but as teaching staff members.
抄録全体を表示
