Eibeibunka: Studies in English Language, Literature and Culture
Online ISSN : 2424-2381
Print ISSN : 0917-3536
ISSN-L : 0917-3536
Volume 24
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1994 Volume 24 Pages Cover1-
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1994 Volume 24 Pages App1-
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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  • Article type: Index
    1994 Volume 24 Pages Toc1-
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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  • Emiko UBUKAWA
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 24 Pages 1-13
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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    In "Prelude" by Katherine Mansfield, the relationship among three women from generation to generation-a grandmother a mother, and a daughter-is symbolized by the plant, aloe. A daughter is given birth to the world from her mother's body (or womb) and grows up by immitating her mother unconsciously. Similarly, her mother was given birth from her grandmother and immitated her. This is the pattern of women's life from generation to generation. In this story, Kezia bears a likeness to her mother, Linda, in some points. Finally, all three women are fascinated by the aloe. Like this, there is a strong likeness among them, both in likes and in dislikes. That is to say, a daughter grows up with the likeness of her mother as the new leaf of the aloe grows up in the similitude of the former leaf one after another. The pattern of three women's life, from a grandmother to a mother, and from a mother to a daughter, is symbolized by the aloe.
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  • Rie SUDA
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 24 Pages 15-23
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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    Whether or not a prevailing atmosphere in Women in Love is disillusionment evokes criticism. It is because a protagonist of Lawrence or Birkin utters such depressive words as 'dissolution' and 'corruption', while describing northern Europeans' pathetic, fatal lives of Gerald and Gudrun. However, when Birkin quotes Helaklitus, an ancient Greek famous riddler another free way of life to a warm, rosy future seems to be predicted as well. In the final analysis Birkin's abysmal words like 'dissolution' or 'corruption' indicate regeneration of the 'next future'.
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  • Masahiro YAMANE
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 24 Pages 25-39
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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    One of the distinguishing features of Shakespeare is his ability to create plays out of different kinds of source-materials and to define an entirely independent atmosphere in each play. Troilus and Cressida is a good example of the dramatist's ability to create and define. In this paper have we seen how Shakespeare put together in a brief and concise way materials of an old story, Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde in particular, and that the dramatist deliberately interwove them, laying stress upon other parts of the narrative poem. It turns out that Shakespeare was experimenting with deformed denouement on the assumption that a particular audience had read Chaucer's Troilus. Shakespeare needed to devise a new type of tragedy which was indispensable before Hamlet could be written. Troilus and Cressida appears to have been an integral work to the corpus of Shakespeare ; not a wholly successful one, but one which must establish the bond between greater tragedies of that period.
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  • Taeko INAGI
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 24 Pages 41-52
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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    The Decoration of Houses, Edith Wharton's book of interior decoration, helps us to understand her controversial novel, The Custom of the Country, in which the interior decoration of rooms and houses also plays a crucial part. On the one hand, Wharton fully understands how the powerful new rich like to fill their houses with extravagant fittings, and describes effectively the social ascent of the protagonist, Undine Spragg, through the continual change of the interior of the houses she lives in. But in the end Wharton remains critical of the consumer society of the gilded age in which Undine wants to be a success. Wharton's preference is clearly for the traditional order and symmetry of the aristocratic houses of old New York, such as the one occupied by the family of Undine's first husband, Ralph. On the other hand, however, Wharton treats with severe irony the weakness of the traditional people. Their inevitable defeat is symbolized by their old-fashioned, timeworn residences, as well as by the miserable death of Ralph. The decoration of houses thus provides an index of Wharton's view of the modern society, which is essentially dualistic, or ambivalently conservative.
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  • Izumi KADONO
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 24 Pages 53-61
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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    Japanese adaptations of Shakespeare represent a recent innovative approach to Shakespearean productions. However the Kabuki version of Hamlet staged at the Tokyo Globe was an unsuccessful attempt to play Shakespeare in the Kabuki style. The main reasons for the failure seem attributable to the stress placed on the visual introduction of the Kabuki style, rather than presenting the performance as drama. Kabuki is a very special form of drama which has inherited both the texts and physical tradition of the classic Japanese drama form such as Bugaku, Noh and Joururi. Kabuki is not a modern type of drama which represents things as they are, but a pre-modern drama that expresses reality in abstract style. However, Kabuki preserves the dramatic dynamism and resources that modern drama has lost. Shakespearean drama, which does not embody an inherited physical tradition, shares some of the basic pre-modern characteristics of Kabuki. Both forms of drama mirror contemporary situations and depict universal human problems. Despite the several similarities between Kabuki and Shakespeare, it is not necessary to perform Shakespeare in the Kabuki style as seen at the Tokyo Globe. Shakespeare has long suffered from the realistic approach of directors, which cannot convey the sense of the pre-modern drama. If one attempts to address the dramatic resources of Kabuki and utilize them effectively, then this would undoubtedly enrich the interpretation of Shakespeare.
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  • Takako KOBAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 24 Pages 63-80
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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    It could be said that English language education in Japan has now reached a turning point. The main objective of English guiding principles for Japanese junior high schools, which has been recently revised, is to "educate the students in order to enhance their communicative competence". As such, English teacher training programs at the junior college or university level must respond to such a change and meet the needs of our time. In this paper, I will overview the recent trends in teacher training programs-including the amendment of the Teachers License Act and newly raised standards for obtaining the teacher certificate. Secondly, the present English teacher training programs at Japanese junior colleges and universities will be examined as well as the issues and assumptions concerning these programs. Finally, feedback from the students on the teacher training program at Showa Women's Junior College will be introduced.
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  • Hiroshi TANABE
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 24 Pages 81-98
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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    With the change of the social demands, the goals of learning English by Japanese learners have had wide variance. The use of computers made writers easier to change the organization of what they have previously written. The general writers' focus might be given more on the organization than before. The use of faxes eased the interchange of tables, figures, graphs, etc., which in turn provides increased opportunity to discuss over these materials by telephone. These demands might even change the definition of intelligence (eg.Azuma, 1990), suppose intellingence is defined in terms of social needs. If the output, i.e. the goals of learning English change, then approachs and methods for language teaching should also change. Learning of language-learning strategies, in this sense, should be focussed on for the reasons of their flexibility, applicability, and efficiency for the changing demands of learners in these circumustances. In this paper, styles of teaching, "learning strategies" were compared in the aim of identifying critical factors in teaching them successfully. Five groups of students majoring in different subjects in two universities were given an questionnaire and the reasons for the increased rate of the use of learning strategies were discussed in terms of the transfer of previous learning experience and students' motivation.
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1994 Volume 24 Pages 99-102
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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  • Setsuko WATANABE
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 24 Pages 103-118
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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    This paper is based upon the presentation by the author on the above title at the poster session of 18th Annual International Conference on November 22,1992 at Tokyo International University, Kawagoe, Japan. The display consists of 38 exquisitely illustrated, handmade learning materials generated by college students. Themes reflect a wide range of students' interests, including daily life, nature, body language, proverbs, sports, the information of the world (oceans, stars, countries, states, cities, populations, national currencies, flags, products, etc.) and Japanese culture and geography. They were made to contribute to learners of English and also to non-native speakers of Japanese in Japan. They are suitable for learning and practicing vocabulary, grammar, and communicative usage. They were made to help acquire both English language competence and general knowledge on the world and on your daily life. In this paper I would like to discuss why and how I stimulated students to generate learning materials and what materials they generated and what they have learned in the process.
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 24 Pages 119-151
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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    This paper is an interim report of the group research on the use of videos at senior high school and college levels in Japan. The first half of this paper includes three reports of the actual classroom practices, which were presented at the 11th annual conference of the Society of English Studies on September 18,1993. TAKAHASHI discusses the aims and ways of using video materials in her literature course for the main purpose of giving the students a spurring incentive to read original literal works in English. FUJITA claims the 'top-down' listening activity to be vital for the facilitation of the students' listening comprehension. KAMEYAMA reports three different kinds of listening activities practiced by himself with an adequate consideration for maintaining the students' 'sense of security' in the classroom. The second half of this paper consists of another three reports on how we can make the utmost use of video materials in accordance with the recent theoretical and technological development of their related disciplines. HIRAKAWA, classifying video materials into three groups, discusses English teaching in relation to four language-skills as well as to culture learning, stating the merits and demerits of such teaching with some suggestions for improving the present English teaching in Japan. HOSODA delineates the 'schema theory' and its legitimate application to actual teaching practice utilizing video materials. ISHII speculates on the future development of audio-visual materials including their hardware, based on the existing state of affairs.
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  • Tomoko SASAGAWA
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 24 Pages 153-172
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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    Coffee has been enjoyed all over the world and considered to be a significant beverage in our daily lives. To trace its root, it is necessary to go back to Africa, and then, Arabic countries for the use of modern societies. Coffee has taken various forms to end up as a beverage. It was once eaten as food, taken as medicine, drunk as wine, and then enjoyed as a beverage. It took a long time until coffee trees had spread all over the world and had started to be planted successfully. Europeans especially made a great deal of efforts to plant them in order to expand their coffee business, and coffee started to have unavoidable influence in European society through coffee-houses. Coffee-houses have masculine image because it was originated from Arabic countries and coffee-houses were the places where men met each other and enjoyed talking about politics, economics, and many other issues. This tendency is compared to that of tea-houses, which is usually connected with a feminine image.
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  • Masashi HIDAKA
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 24 Pages 173-197
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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    Miscegenation is a term especially referring to the racial mixture between White and Black Americans. This unique intermixture was widespread in the slavery period despite strong social resistance. This paper explores why White reactions to miscegenation had been consistently negative while they contributed greatly to the growth of the white-black mixture during the period. This paper focuses on the White man's mind : his contradictions and sufferings concerning the intermixture and helps to explain the White man's real feelings concealed under his rationalizations about anti-miscegenation.
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  • Hiroshi KOBAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 24 Pages 199-217
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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    In H.Warrender's The Political Philosophy of Hobbes, he classifies Hobbes's natural law in civil society as natural law in the old style and natural law in the new style ; the former is the natural law interpreted by the individual and applied by him to his own situation and actions, and the latter is the natural law interpreted by the sovereign authority as part of the civil law (146〜147). According to his classification, the natural law is eternal and the civil law is positive. Then, this interpretation denies Hobbe's assertion that "Civill, and Natural law are not different kinds, but different parts of law." And the relationship between the natural law and the civil law in Hobbes is interpreted by Warrender as follows : this relationship "can be accepted only as applying to the official version of natural law interpreted by the sovereign and supported by his penalties(167)." Warrender goes on to assert that the authentic interpretation of natural law made by the sovereign will present the civil law to the subject which is enforced by public authority. He, therefore, insists that Hobbes put supremacy of natural law over the civil law(169). But this interpretation ignores Hobbes's assertion that "The law of Nature, and the Civill law, contain each other, and are of equall extent." Can Warrender maintain that his interpretation doesn't contradict Hobbes? Now, the modern legal theory enables us to interpret the relationship between the natural law and the civil law in Hobbes. According to this legal theory, the natural law is equivalent to "Handlungsnorm" and the civil law to "Entscheidungsnorm".
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1994 Volume 24 Pages 219-
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1994 Volume 24 Pages Cover2-
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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    Download PDF (380K)
  • Article type: Cover
    1994 Volume 24 Pages Cover3-
    Published: March 31, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2017
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    Download PDF (380K)
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