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Volume 38 (1980)
- Issue 6 Pages 283-
- Issue 5 Pages 231-
- Issue 4 Pages 185-
- Issue 3 Pages 145-
- Issue 2 Pages 79-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 38, Issue 4
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Teruko Honda, Kazue Nishimiya1980 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 185-195
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Japan, carbohydrate contents in the three meals, especially in breakfast, are considerably higher than in western countries. Rice has long been used as the main carbohydrate source so that it has come to be called the main dish. Dishes composed of other than carbohydrates, such as, fish, meat, yellow and green vegetables, are all called side dishes.
A recent tendency, however, is that people taking bread as the main dish instead of rice have increased in number especially among urban populations. This report makes an attempt to find out any difference in the composition of side dishes between those who choose rice and those who choose bread as the main dish. Data have been extracted from 378 cases randomly chosen from the November 1975 Nutrition Survey of Yamaguchi Prefecture.
The results showed that preference of rice or bread caused some different patterns of intake for each group of side dishes, and this led to different levels of nutrient intake between the rice and bread groups. Cereals accounted for a larger portion of total energy intake in menus containing rice than in those containing bread. Conversely, the proportion of animal protein in total protein intake was lower in the former than in the latter.View full abstractDownload PDF (11657K) -
Part 1. Effects of Various Nutritional Conditions on Serum and Liver Cholesterol Levels in Rats Fed Low-Cholesterol DietYasue Nakagawa, Keisuke Tsuji, Etsuko Tsuji, Shinjiro Suzuki1980 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 197-206
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of the present study was to clarify the effects of replacing cornstarch with sucrose in a cholesterol-free diet on serum and liver cholesterol levels in rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain under various dietary conditions and for different feeding periods.
The results obtained were as follows: There was no difference between the growth rate produced by a diet with sucrose and that produced by a diet with cornstarch—both as the sole carbohydrate source—for 10 to 28 days' feeding. On the other hand, body weight gain and tissue weight of animals were significantly affected by diets composed of different amounts of milk casein. In a series of experiments, sucrose in the diet led to greater enlargement of liver or perirenal adipose tissue than did cornstarch. Nutritional factors, such as the dietary source and levels of carbohydrate, fat and protein showed no demonstrable effects on the concentrations of cholesterol in serum, independently. As for the interaction of dietary components, in a diet with adequate protein, serum cholesterol tended to increase with sucrose regardless of the difference of dietary fat sources. Conversely, in a low protein diet, serum cholesterol tended to increase with the starch. The whole amount of liver cholesterol was remarkably influenced by dietary carbohydrate sources. Concomitant feeding of either the sucrose diet with lard or the starch diet with safflower oil significantly elevated the cholesterol contents of the liver. When sucrose in the diet replaced the starch, higher triglyceride concentrations in both serum and liver were observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (10610K) -
Kozo Ishiguro1980 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 207-213
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA survey of intake of beverages and ice cakes was conducted for three days each in May and August, 1979, to calculate the ingestion of sugar from them.
The subjects were about 1700 school children residing in a farm village in Miyagi Prefecture. The results were as follows:
1. In pre and primary school children, soda drinks and ice cream accounted for around 30 per cent of total sugar intake respectively. With advance of age, the intake of soda drinks tended to increase and that of ice cream tended to decrease. This increasing tendency was particularly pronounced in males. The proportion of soda drinks in total beverage and ice cake intake by high school boys reached 65 per cent in both periods. Intake of soda drinks at night increased especially in August among junior high school and older children.
2. Intake of “sugar equivalence” contained in beverages and ice cakes was distributed widely among the subjects. There were many children who ingested less than 20g per day of sugar equivalence. On the other hand, a few boys of junior high school and older age ingested 150g or more sugar equivalence a day.
Increasing intake of sugar equivalence with advance of age was observed only in males. Difference in mean values of sugar equivalence between both sexes was found in children of junior high school and older age, but not in younger children.View full abstractDownload PDF (6500K) -
Tsutomu Yoshida, Syoko Shinoda, Satoru Watarai1980 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 215-220
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhytic acid contents in a practical diet for germfree mice and rats (L-485-Cr which is based on maize and soybean meal), raw soybeans, and soybean meal, on a dry matter basis, were about 1%, 1% and 1.6%, and phytate P/total P values were 43%, 52% and 62%, respectively.
The phytate destruction effect of autoclaving and gamma irradiating the practical diet was observed.
Phytate P destruction of diet L-485-Cr after autoclaving at 121°C for 30 minutes, which is a practical procedure for the sterilization of germfree animal diets, was 7%. In the experiment on one lot of the diet, phytate P detruction after autoclaving at 121°C for 30 minutes and 2 hours was 9% and 17%, respectively. Phytate P destruction of diet L-485-Cr after 5 Mrad gamma irradiation was 8%. It seems that the practical conditions for sterilization of the practical diet cause only moderate destruction of phytate.
On the other hand, phytate P destruction in soybeans after 5 and 10 Mrad irradiation and in soybean meal after 5 Mrad irradiation were about 17%.View full abstractDownload PDF (5431K) -
Yoshio Yoshino, Yukihiko Hirai, Hiroshi Takahashi, Naomasa Yamamoto, N ...1980 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 221-225
Published: July 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: October 29, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA chronic intoxication text on a spirulina product raised by artificial culture at Asahi Carbon Co., Niigata, was carried out by feeding the product to Wistar-strain rats for six months. The rats of both sexes were respectively divided into two groups, and were fed the diet ad libitum; the diet was either a 4:1 mixture of the ordinary diet (N. M. F., Oriental-Kobo Co. Tokyo), dried spirulina or the ordinary diet alone.
Comparisons were made between the experimental and control groups in growth and external appearance during the feeding, and in hematological tests and observation of major organs at the end of the experiment. The items of hematological test were Ht, Hb, MCHC, urea-N, serum protein concentration, A/G ratio, concentrations of uric acid, creatinine, total lipids, triglyceride, phospholipids, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, calcium, inorganic phosphate, iron and TIBC, and enzyme activities of ALP, LAP, LDH, SGOT and SGPT. The weight and appearance of organs were observed with regard to the brain, heart, stomach, liver, spleen, kidneys, testes or ovaries, hypophysis and adrenal glands. Histological examination was performed on these organs except the brain, hypophysis and adrenal glands.
There were almost no differences between the experimental and the control groups in the growth and external appearance of the whole body or in the shape, weight and histological findings of the organs. Although hematological tests showed some statistical differences in the experiment (p<0.01 by Student's t test), e.g. Hb and SGPT of the male and total bilirubin of the female, abnormal findings were not detected in any items. Accordingly, it may be speculated that the spirulina diet used in this experiment does not bring any toxic effects on the rats within six month feeding.View full abstractDownload PDF (5222K)
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