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Volume 64 (2006)
- Issue 6 Pages 299-
- Issue 5 Pages 253-
- Issue 4 Pages 213-
- Issue 3 Pages 139-
- Issue 2 Pages 69-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 64, Issue 2
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Efforts in Western Countries on Excessive Consumption of Trans Fatty Acids and Current Situation in JapanJunichi Nagata, Ikuo Ikeda2006 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 69-76
Published: April 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTrans fatty acids (TFAs) are positional isomers of cis fatty acids. TFAs are mainly produced by partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids and widely found in a variety of foods, including margarine, shortening and frying oil. A small amount of TFAs is also found in ruminant fats and milk. The amount of TFA intake in Western Europe and North America probably ranges from 5 to 15g/day. Epidemiological studies have shown that an excessive consumption of TFAs raised the LDL-cholesterol level and lowered HDL-cholesterol in humans. A high intake of TFAs is therefore thought to be a risk factor of coronary heart disease. On the basis of scientific evidence, the U. S. FDA required labeling of the TFA content for conventional food and dietary supplements on January 1, 2006. TFAs are also restricted their uses in the EU. The TFA intake in Japan is estimated to be approximately 1.6g/day, this amount being markedly lower than that in western countries. Although the low TFA intake in Japan is not thought to be an important issue at present, we should pay attention to an excessive intake of TFAs in the future.View full abstractDownload PDF (1397K) -
Seiichiro Aoe, Takashi Fujita, Satoko Kinoshita, Toshiaki Uchida, Nori ...2006 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 77-86
Published: April 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examines the effect of oatmeal on the serum cholesterol levels of adult Japanese men and women with boundary and mild hypercholesterolemia. Seventy-four men and nineteen women were randomly assigned to groups treated with either a placebo or oatmeal. The oatmeal group was given porridge containing 60g of oatmeal (2.1g of β-glucan), and the placebo group was given porridge containing white rice and cellulose for 12 weeks each. The serum biochemical indices of each subject were measured at the start, after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, and four weeks after the end of the study. The daily intake of nutrients was monitored by a three-day food record made at the start, after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, and four weeks after the end of the study. The decrease in the serum total cholesterol level was significantly different between the placebo and oatmeal groups throughout the supplementation period (p<0.05), with a similar difference in the non-HDL cholesterol levels. There was no hematological, physical, or clinical difference indicative of any adverse reaction between the groups given the test porridge. The results indicate that supplementation with oatmeal at 60g/day (2.1g of β-glucan/day) decreased the serum total cholesterol levels in Japanese adults with boundary and mild hypercholesterolemia.View full abstractDownload PDF (1644K) -
Hiroko Moriwaki, Mitsuko Oda, Akiko Sakuma, Chieko Teraoka, Noriko Kis ...2006 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 87-96
Published: April 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA questionnaire survey was conducted on those persons responsible for cooking to identify their awareness of the importance of the dietary life and lifestyle of elementary school children. The 247 subjects were all guardians of children attending elementary schools in a town in Hiroshima Prefecture, and 190 of these subjects were selected for a multiple regression analysis as being responsible for cooking the children's meals.
The greater the dietary awareness of those responsible for cooking, the higher was the intake frequency of seaweed, small fish, root crops, and potatoes by the elementary school children. A more positive attitude toward food education in those cooking meals resulted in a more frequent intake of seaweed, small fish, soy beans, and soy bean products by the elementary school children, with no problems presented for such dietary constituents. Greater health consciousness in those cooking meals resulted in less desire for carbonated drinks, juice and snacks, and fewer problems with the elementary school children in waking up in the morning. These results demonstrate that the dietary awareness of those persons responsible for cooking influenced the dietary life and lifestyle of the elementary school children, and implies the need to improve the level of dietary awareness of those cooking meals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1595K) -
Ribeka Takachi, Yoko Kudo, Shaw Watanabe, Mitsuru Kimira2006 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 97-105
Published: April 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe validity was assessed of the “Dietary Record by Cooked Dishes” (DRcd) method, a newly developed and simplified self-reported dietary record, together with a smaller sample size for constructing the dish-based component table.
Scale-based one-day dietary records were compiled by 224 subjects from 2000 to 2002, the amounts of nutrients in each dish were calculated by using the 5th standard food composition table, and the results were used to construct the dish-based component table (DRcd224). Databases for DRcd125 and DRcd75, which respectively used 125 and 75 samples from the 224 subjects randomly selected 5 times from each, were next constructed in the same way. A one-day dietary survey using the DRcd databases was finally conducted on 106 subjects in 2003 and 2004 to assess the validity of the method.
The median values of Pearson's correlation coefficients for the intake of energy, of 29 nutrients, and of 21 food groups between DR and DRcd224 were 0.808 and 0.921, respectively. The correlation coefficients of the minimum and maximum values of the 5-times calculation for DRcd125 were 0.701 and 0.754 (nutrients), and 0.685 and 0.796 (food groups), and for DRcd75 were 0.686 and 0.724, and 0.662 and 0.726, respectively. The ratio of the energy intake assessed by DRcd224 to that by DR was 92.2%, and the ratios of the median values for nutrients assessed by DRcd125 and DRcd22275 to DRcd224 were 97.5-102.8% and 99.2-104.8%, respectively.
Although the correlation coefficients between DR and DRcd224 were higher than those for DRcd125 and DRcd75, there was little effect from this difference in estimating the dietary intake. A sample size of 75 would therefore be practical for constructing DRcd in field research.View full abstractDownload PDF (1923K) -
Naoko Yamashita, Hiromi Nishikido, Mayumi Morino, Hiromi Ishida2006 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 107-113
Published: April 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examines the awareness of dietary choice and food intake by a questionnaire survey. The 300 subjects were married male workers (aged 30-59) living in a metropolitan area.
Their key concerns about eating differed among breakfast, lunch and dinner. With regard to breakfast, the key concern was “eating quickly, ” while for lunch, interest was focused on “eating cheaply, ” and for dinner, attention was paid to “good nutritional balance.”
The subjects of the study were aware that they should “eat as much vegetable food as possible” and “consider nutritional balance, ” but 30.4% of their total energy intake came from fat. Furthermore, regarding the intake of particular food items, more than 80% of the respondents did not eat the recommended amounts of fruits, tubers, dairy products, mushrooms and seaweed, and green and yellow vegetables. More than 30% of the subjects ate no dairy products, beans and bean products, tubers, or fruit. The level of this awareness changed with age, and the energy intake of those who spent a long time eating dinner and drinking alcohol was significantly higher than that of the other subjects.View full abstractDownload PDF (1185K) -
Kazue Kosaka, Yoshihiro Konishi, Sachiko Yamashita2006 Volume 64 Issue 2 Pages 115-124
Published: April 01, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe nutritional status of zinc in the elderly and the effect of zinc supplementation on this nutritional status were studied. The relationship was examined between the serum zinc concentration and food intake of healthy elderly persons (n=11; average age, 80; Female/Male=6/5) admitted to a health facility for six months, to whom an oral zinc supplement had been administered for the last three months (8mg/day for one month, and 16mg/day for the following two months).
The daily oral intake of zinc was lower than the dietary reference intake (RDA: recommended dietary allowance) of zinc for the first three months. Daily oral zinc supplementation during the last three months induced no significant increase in the serum zinc concentration, although the zinc intake exceeded the dietary reference intake (RDA).
A positive correlation was apparent between the serum zinc concentration and the daily intake of energy or protein, particularly during the last three months, and also between the same zinc concentration data and the serum albumin or iron concentration. This correlation suggests that, in ensuring that the elderly maintain a suitable serum zinc concentration, it is important to consider the total nutritional status, including the intake of energy and proteins and the albumin levels, when providing dietary zinc supplementation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1693K)
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