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Volume 71 (2013)
- Issue 6 Pages 299-
- Issue 5 Pages 225-
- Issue 4 Pages 171-
- Issue 3 Pages 97-
- Issue 2 Pages 49-
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- Issue Supplement1 Pag･･･
Volume 71, Issue Supplement1
Special issue
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Preface
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Yasuhiro Kido2013 Volume 71 Issue Supplement1 Pages S1
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (518K)
Special Report
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Kazuhiro Uenishi, Chigusa Date2013 Volume 71 Issue Supplement1 Pages S2-S6
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (900K)
Review Articles
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Tetsuji Yokoyama2013 Volume 71 Issue Supplement1 Pages S7-S14
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBackground: In order to assess the nutrient intakes of a population, it is necessary to estimate the distribution of nutrient intakes in the population and to compare the distribution with the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). The distribution of usual intakes must be estimated because DRIs are the reference values for only usual intakes, and not for short-term intakes. In this article, the statistical methods for estimating the distribution of usual intakes have been reviewed and some examples have been illustrated.
Existing Methods: The National Research Council (NRC) proposed a principle method based on analysis of variance, but this method was available only for normally distributed data. The Best-Power (BP) method can be applied to non-normally distributed (skewed) data. The Iowa State University method is better than the BP method as it considers the statistical property of the actual dietary data, but the improvement in performance is minor. AGE MODE and AGEVAR MODE are expected to have smaller standard errors when used for the estimation of age-specific distributions. The Iowa State University Foods method is appropriate for dietary data with many zero intakes.
Examples: In the Prefectural Health and Dietary Surveys of Nagano, Kumamoto, and Saitama, dietary surveys were conducted on multiple days. The distributions of usual intakes were estimated, and the nutrient intakes of the populations were assessed based on the DRIs.
Conclusions: These statistical methods should be used for estimating the distribution of usual intakes of nutrients and for applying the DRIs to assess the dietary intakes of a population.View full abstractDownload PDF (910K) -
Eri Imai, Megumi Tsubota-Utsugi, Makiko Nakade, Nobuyo Tsuboyama-Kasao ...2013 Volume 71 Issue Supplement1 Pages S15-S25
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study analyzed the review systems of nutrition-related guidelines in foreign and domestic organizations, including the World Health Organization, the Cochrane Collaboration, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and the Clinical Practice Guidelines in Minds in order to establish a dietary reference intakes for Japanese. Review systems of these guidances for review were classified systematically and compared to the “Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese, 2010”. The systematic review processes did not differ significantly among the guidances. The steps for generating systematic reviews included the following, which were common among the four guidances: research questions were formulated using the PICO format, primary databases and unpublished data were analyzed, and eligible studies were limited to randomized controlled trials whenever possible and broadened to include observational studies due to a paucity of available randomized controlled trials. Although the “Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese, 2010” did not publish the measurement tool used to assess the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendation, the other guidances recommended the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The present findings suggest that the systematic review process for the establishment of nutrition-related guidelines is similar between foreign and domestic organizations. On the basis of these results, we expect to further establish a comprehensive and systematic review system related to the decision-making process for the “Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese, 2010” in the future.View full abstractDownload PDF (991K)
Original Articles
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Yuna Watanabe, Hiromi Yoshikata, Hiromi Ishida, Kazuhiro Uenishi2013 Volume 71 Issue Supplement1 Pages S26-S38
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObjective: This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal iron intake and iron status during pregnancy, considering the validity of dietary reference intakes for iron in Japanese pregnant women.
Methods: We assessed the iron intake and iron status in 103 Japanese women recruited at 5~12 weeks of pregnancy. Data were collected during the first, second, and last trimester, at delivery and the first postpartum month. These date included anthropometric and obstetric measurements, with or without administration of iron, dietary intakes, and blood samples.
Results: The iron intake was found to be below the recommended dietary allowance in 71.8% of subjects in their first trimester and in 98.1% of those in their second trimester. Maternal red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit level, and serum iron concentration significantly decreased during the second and last trimester compared to those during the first trimester. However, these levels normalized in the first postpartum month to those during the first trimester. Prevalence of maternal anemia (hemoglobin, <11 g/dl; hematocrit, <33%) was 4.9%, 41.7%, and 53.4% in the first, second, and last trimester, respectively. However, MCV and MCH were within the criteria (MCV, 79.0~100.0 fl; MCH, 26.3~34.3 pg). Low-birth-weight and preterm baby were observed in only 3 and 1 case, respectively.
Conclusions: In this study, iron intake was found to be inadequate; however, we believe that an increase in iron absorption caused the increase in demand for iron. Restricting excessive iron intake, such as the dietary reference intake, maintained the iron levels in most subjects.View full abstractDownload PDF (984K)
Research & Field Notes
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Naho Kobayashi, Nobuko Murayama, Yukiko Inamura, Megumi Kubota, Tomoko ...2013 Volume 71 Issue Supplement1 Pages S39-S45
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObjective: The aim of this study was to confirm the current application of the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (DRIs-J) in the field of food service management, using a questionnaire survey.
Methods: A self-administered questionnaire regarding the current status of the application of the DRIs-J were distributed via post to dietitians at all 210 hospitals and long-term healthcare facilities in Niigata Prefecture. Of the 210 responses, 89 were considered valid (valid response rate, 42.4%).
Results: The DRIs-J were applied in approximately 90% of hospitals and facilities when planning nutrition. In nutrition and meal planning, 3~4 sets of energy levels were used most frequently. Moreover, each step on the energy scale was commonly an increment of 200 kcal. Furthermore, more than 80% of the facilities conducted surveys to record the actual amount of food consumed per individual; however, subject characteristics and the methods of conducting these surveys varied among institutions.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the DRIs-J were used in almost all of the facilities surveyed. On the other hand, there are unresolved issues regarding the concepts and methods employed at different stages of nutrition management, such as menu planning, food material management, work management, and surveying of the actual amount of food consumed. Additional studies to clarify these unresolved issues and to investigate the application of the DRIs in food service facilities further are necessary.View full abstractDownload PDF (804K) -
Naho Kobayashi, Nobuko Murayama, Yukiko Inamura, Megumi Kubota, Tomoko ...2013 Volume 71 Issue Supplement1 Pages S46-S55
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObjectives: The aims of this study were to clarify (1) the status of implementation of Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (DRIs-J) in the elderly care facilities and (2) the probability of changes of energy and nutrients values in the food service management.
Methods: The subjects were 16 elderly care facilities in 5 prefectures. Semi-structured interview was conducted according to the interview guide. The contents of the interview were methods of setting the targets of energy and nutrients values, methods of controlling serving size of the diet, and methods of estimation of dietary intake.
Results: The targets of energy and nutrients values were determined according to DRIs-J (2005 or 2010) and the weighted average of reference value in DRIs-J was used in most of the facilities. The probability of differences of energy and nutrients values from the target levels were observed in each working step, particular with regard to nutrition planning and cooking steps. In almost all facilities, visual dietary assessment by care staff or nurses was carried out to estimate the actual amount of food consumption.
Conclusion: The present survey demonstrated that there were unavoidable nutritional differences between the targets and achievements during the process of food service from nutrition planning till its evaluation steps. Therefore, we need to estimate the degree of nutritional differences and to ensure effective measures to reduce these differences as much as possible.View full abstractDownload PDF (934K) -
Minami Magota, Nobuyo Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, Asuka Takizawa, Megumi Tsubot ...2013 Volume 71 Issue Supplement1 Pages S56-S63
Published: 2013
Released on J-STAGE: May 24, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the use of the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (DRIs-J), this study determines how the DRIs-J are being applied in Japan to government nutritional reports, such as food guides and dietary guidelines.
We extracted information from government food guides, dietary recommendations within the guidelines for the examination for registered dietitians in Japan, and from internet searches. To obtain more detailed information about the food guides and dietary guidelines, we also examined reports published by government agencies and scientific articles.
An examination of the information extracted from 12 food guides and dietary guidelines showed that 10 guides used the DRIs-J or the old Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) at the time they were established. The Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top was revised after the amendment of the latest DRIs-J2010. However, there was a time lag between the time of publication of DRIs-J2010 and the development of the other food guides and dietary guidelines. Only the Reference Intake Values for School Lunch specified which reference values were used from the DRIs-J, whereas other food guides and dietary guidelines did not specify the source of the reference values.
These findings suggest that the DRIs-J were used to develop government food guides and dietary guidelines. It is expected that the Reference Intake Values for School Lunch and other food services will adequately reflect the contents of the DRIs-J and incorporate the latest DRIs-J into future amendments of food guides and reference intake values.View full abstractDownload PDF (891K)
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