In the northwestern shore of Lake Tonle Sap which lies in central Cambodia, there are many archaeological sites during Angkor kingdom era, and human activities, for example engineering works for temple construction, are expected to have disturbed the environment on this area. However, detailed studies of depositional environments have not been carried out. The purpose of this study is to examine the landforms in this area by using aerial photos and SRTM3 data, and the development of landforms including historic times by describing all the core bore-hole data. This area can be classified into alluvial fans, sand ridges, two lacustrine terraces and lacustrine marsh, and the results suggest that some natural levees on lacustrine terraces were formed by changes of the river course in Angkor period.

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This paper provides characteristics of the geomorphic features of the plain areas along historical highways on the basis of a geomorphologic examination of the route along the Kanto plain of the Nakasendo Highway, which was one of the five main highways of the Edo era. The author first maps the detailed route of the highway and then classifies landforms occurring along the highway through the stereo interpretation of aerial photographs that were taken just after World War II. The paper clarifies that the highway route appears almost straight and is usually located on terraces in the view of the entire plain scale. It is unusual that the route is found in mountains, hills, and the alluvial plain. Precise geomorphic analyses lead to the following conclusions. On the terrace, the highway route seldom crosses the dissected valley and follows the watershed in the middle of the terraces. The route on fans is an outward arc in shape parallel to contour line. The route was constructed on the natural levee in the alluvial plain so as not to cross the former rivers, back marshes, and present rivers. Based on these characteristics, the author concludes that the highway route was in the control of accessibility and safety against water hazards. However, accessibility took priority over safety at a few places.

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The market for “Green Tourism” in Japan has been limited to domestic urban people. However, Green Tourism in many rural areas has consisted of “commonplace local resources” for tourism, and these problems create a “dilemma of Green Tourism”, wherein, Green Tourism in every rural area has scrambled for the limited market and has not achieved full success. However, there are a few cases of Green Tourism that target the market of foreign tourists, such as the “Visit Japan Campaign”, which has been the promotion policy of the Japanese Government for international tourism since 2003. This study presents the perspective of “Green Tourism” for foreign tourists in rural Japan through marketing research and case studies of Tateyama Town, Toyama Prefecture and Towada City, Aomori Prefecture.

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