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Kohei MIYAZAKI, You Shin LEE, Tomokazu FUKUTSUKA, Takeshi ABE
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
725-727
Published: October 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
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Zinc oxide electrodes modified with an anion-exchange ionomer (AEI) are fabricated to suppress the dendrite formation of metallic zinc deposition. Charge-discharge measurements show that the discharge capacities and efficiencies of AEI-modified ZnO electrodes are superior to those of bare ZnO electrodes. These improvements are explained by the selective ion permeation through the AEI films. In addition, we demonstrate that the AEI-modified ZnO electrodes work well as a rechargeable negative electrode in an alkaline solution which contains no ZnO additive.
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Kohei MIYAZAKI, Koji NISHIO, Takeshi ABE, Koji SUTO, Yukinari KOTANI, ...
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
728-730
Published: October 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
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In order to improve oxygen reduction performances of an air electrode using perovskite type La
0.7Ca
0.3CoO
3 as an electrocatalyst, a layered double hydroxide (LDH) containing magnesium and aluminum was examined as an ion-conducting additive. Although the addition of LDH impeded gas permeation of the catalyst layer of the electrode, it was effective in reducing charge transfer resistance of the electrode, and as a result, the oxygen reduction reaction of the air electrode was remarkably enhanced.
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Tatsumi ISHIHARA, Arjun Kumar THAPA, Yuiko HIDAKA, Shintaro IDA
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
731-733
Published: October 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
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Mesoporous cobalt oxide (Co
3O
4) was studied for air electrode of Li-air rechargeable battery. In this study, mesoporous Co
3O
4 with an average pore radius of 3.09 nm and BET surface area of 99 m
2/g was successfully prepared by using mesoporous SiO
2 for template. Prepared mesoporous Co
3O
4 was applied for air electrode of Li-air battery after mixing with Pd and it was found that the cell showed a reasonably large discharge capacity of 481 mAh/g
-cat. at 0.1 mA/cm
2 at the initial cycle. Energy efficiency for charge and discharge was estimated to be ca. 75%. Raman spectroscopy suggests that the main product during discharge was Li
2O
2 and formation of Li
2CO
3 was hardly observed.
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Motohiro NAGAO, Akitoshi HAYASHI, Masahiro TATSUMISAGO
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
734-736
Published: October 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
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To enhance a cyclability and a rate capability in bulk-type solid-state cells using a lithium metal electrode, an indium thin layer prepared by vacuum-evaporation was inserted at the interface between a lithium electrode and an Li
2S-P
2S
5 solid electrolyte layer. The Li/Li
4Ti
5O
12 cells using indium thin film were charged and discharged for 120 cycles reversibly and worked at the high current density of 1.3 mA cm
−2. Inserting lithium-alloy thin layer at the interface between the lithium electrode and the solid electrolyte layer brought about a good cyclability and a high rate capability for the all-solid-state lithium metal cells because of the formation and retention of intimate contacts at the interface. The obtained results are useful for achieving bulk-type solid-state lithium batteries with high power and energy densities.
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Hiroyuki USUI, Naoki UCHIDA, Hiroki SAKAGUCHI
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
737-739
Published: October 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
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To improve the deviation of cycling performances as Li-ion battery anode, we controlled the morphology of Ni-P layers deposited on Si particles in thick-film electrodes prepared by a gas-deposition method. The spotty Ni-P layers were uniformly coated on Si particles by an electroless deposition in a neutral bath. The resulting electrodes using Ni-P-coated Si exhibited excellent cycling performances and their good reproducibility. The reason for the improvement of performances is probably that the Ni-P layers can effectively release a stress generated by alloying/dealloying reactions of Li with Si.
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Masanobu CHIKU, Wataru TSUJIWAKI, Eiji HIGUCHI, Hiroshi INOUE
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
740-742
Published: October 05, 2012
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Charge transfer kinetics at the Li metal electrode/electrolyte interface for three inorganic solid electrolytes and an organic liquid electrolyte were elucidated with two parameters, exchange current density (
i0) for Li/Li
+ couple reactions and ionic conductivity in electrolyte. The former was evaluated by potential step method with a microelectrode, while the latter was done by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Both
i0 and ionic conductivity showed Arrhenius type dependence, and activation energies (
Ea) for the charge transfer reactions and ionic conduction were evaluated. In the case of the organic liquid electrolyte,
Ea for the Li/Li
+ couple reactions was higher than that for ionic conduction because of the solvation/desolvation of Li
+ ion. However, for the Li
2S-P
2S
5 solid solid electrolytes, the
Ea for the Li/Li
+ couple reactions was quite close to that for ionic conduction due to the lack of the solvation/desolvation.
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Naoyoshi NUNOTANI, Shinji TAMURA, Nobuhito IMANAKA
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
743-745
Published: October 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
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Tetravalent Hf
4+ ion conducting solid electrolytes, Hf
1−x/4(Nb
1−yW
y)
5/(5+y)P
3−xW
xO
12, were developed by partially replacing both the Nb
5+ and P
5+ sites in the NASICON-type HfNb(PO
4)
3 solid simultaneously with higher valence W
6+ ions. Among the samples prepared, the highest conductivity was obtained for the Hf
3.85/4(Nb
0.8W
0.2)
5/5.2P
2.85W
0.15O
12 (
y = 0.2;
x = 0.15) solid, which contains a high amount of W
6+ ions and holds the optimum lattice volume for Hf
4+ ion conduction, enabling a significant reduction of the electrostatic interaction between the Hf
4+ cation and the O
2− anions in the solid. The conducting species in the Hf
3.85/4(Nb
0.8W
0.2)
5/5.2P
2.85W
0.15O
12 solid was directly demonstrated to be the Hf
4+ ion via DC electrolysis.
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Noritoshi NAMBU, Kiyoshi OHTSUKI, Hitomi MUTSUGA, Yuta SUZUKI, Masahir ...
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
746-748
Published: October 05, 2012
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We have used 2-fluoroethyl propionate (2FEP), ethyl 2-fluoropropionate (E2FP), and ethyl 3-fluoropropionate (E3FP) as organic solvents for lithium secondary batteries. We describe the effect of position isomerism on the physical and electrochemical properties of monofluorinated ethyl propionates (EPs). The relative permittivities of E2FP and E3FP were higher than that of 2FEP, whereas the viscosity of E2FP was lower than those of 2FEP and E3FP. The ionic conductivities of 1 mol dm
−3 LiPF
6 solutions in E2FP and E3FP were higher than those in 2FEP and EP above room temperature. The use of 2FEP or E2FP as a co-solvent greatly improved discharge capacities of Li | LiCoO
2 coin cells.
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Yuki KATO, Koji KAWAMOTO, Ryoji KANNO, Masaaki HIRAYAMA
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
749-751
Published: October 05, 2012
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A solid electrolyte, Li
10GeP
2S
12, exhibits a high lithium ionic conductivity of 12 mS/cm at room temperature. Because of its high ionic conductivity, high charge-discharge performance would be expected for the all-solid-state batteries using the Li
10GeP
2S
12 electrolytes. In this study, all-solid-state batteries using Li
10GeP
2S
12, were constructed and their battery performances were examined. The batteries using the Li
10GeP
2S
12 electrolyte showed higher discharge capacities than those with glass electrolyte, 75Li
2S·25P
2S
5, particularly under the high-rate current discharge.
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Masahiro TOKITA, Minato EGASHIRA, Nobuko YOSHIMOTO, Masayuki MORITA
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
752-754
Published: October 05, 2012
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The double-layer capacitors and their degradation after aging process for nano-fibrous carbon electrodes with various graphitic structures have been compared. The nano-fibrous carbon with amorphous structure has successfully been prepared from biomass precursor. The nano-fibrous carbons with graphitic and amorphous structures exhibit similar specific surface area and double-layer capacitance. However, the change of the capacitances of the cells consisting of both carbons by the aging process under high temperature and high voltage condition are different. The amorphous nano-fibrous carbon electrode provides capacitance decrease by the deposit on electrode, while the graphitic nano-fiber provides capacitance increased likely due to the gas evolution.
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Minato EGASHIRA, Tomoyo TANAKA, Nobuko YOSHIMOTO, Masayuki MORITA
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
755-758
Published: October 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
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The electrochemical insertion and de-insertion of sodium ion in hard carbon has been monitored in electrolytes consisting of sodium perchlorate (NaClO
4), propylene carbonate (PC), and an ionic liquid N,N-diethyl-N-methoxyethyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (DEMETFSI). Voltammetric observation revealed that the reversible sodium insertion is inhibited by the content of DEMETFSI in the electrolyte. The reversible signs of sodium insertion become obvious when the volumetric content of DEMETFSI was 70%. The inhibition effect for sodium insertion by DEMETFSI is somewhat in relation to the change in coordination with sodium ion in electrolyte.
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Yoshihiro KADOMA, Yusuke CHIBA, Daisuke YOSHIKAWA, Yuko MITOBE, Naoaki ...
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
759-761
Published: October 05, 2012
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We have investigated the preparation and electrochemical characteristics of a lithium excess Li
4.3Ti
5O
12 carbon composite (Li
4.3Ti
5O
12/C) with different carbon sources (polyacryl acid, polyvinyl alcohol, and carboxy methyl cellulose sodium). We have prepared the lithium excess Li
4.3Ti
5O
12/C by a spray-drying method followed by calcining at 800°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The TEM observations indicated that the surface of the Li
4.3Ti
5O
12/C particle was clearly covered with an amorphous carbon layer. The Li
4.3Ti
5O
12/C materials employing polyvinyl alcohol as the carbon source showed the best rate performance with the highest discharge capacity of 117 mAh (g-Li
4.3Ti
5O
12/C)
−1 at the 10
C rate.
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Hiroaki ISHIKAWA, Yuuki NISHIKAWA, Omar MENDOZA, Yuki MARUYAMA, Yoshit ...
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
762-764
Published: October 05, 2012
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We were able to derive the d
Q/d
E vs.
E curve by carrying out chronopotentiometric measurements using a lithium ion secondary cell incorporating a reference electrode. These in-situ measurements were found to be comparable to the ex-situ measurements, which were obtained using a graphite single particle method. The d
Q/d
E vs.
E curves for the anode of the same type of cells, which contain storage deterioration and cyclic test deterioration data, were then obtained. As a result, an over potential increase in the charge and discharge peaks, as well as a decrease in the charge coulombs was observed. As a result of the d
Q/d
E vs.
E curves of the anode of degraded lithium ion secondary cells incorporating a reference electrode, we were able to evaluate the graphite degradation under conditions close to real environmental conditions.
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Hideyuki OGAWA, Atsushi UNEMOTO, Itaru HONMA
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
765-767
Published: October 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
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A quasi-solid-state composite electrolyte, consisting of
N,
N-diethyl-
N-methyl-
N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (DEME-TFSA)-lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (Li-TFSA)-fumed silica nanoparticles, has been prepared for use in the electrolyte of a lithium-sulfur battery. Regardless of the solid-state like appearance, the quasi-solid-state electrolyte exhibited a high liquid-like apparent conductivity of 1.2 × 10
−4 S cm
−1 at 308 K when the volume ratio of DEME-TFSA-Li-TFSA is 75% in the quasi-solid-state composite. By using the quasi-solid-state electrolyte, a quasi-solid-state lithium-sulfur battery was developed and the cell performance was evaluated. The cell has successfully exhibited initial discharge capacities of 1370 mAh g
−1 at 308 K with a 0.05 C via the conversion reaction of sulfur and lithium. During 10 charge-discharge cycles, the discharge capacity decreased to 600 mAh g
−1 due to the lower utilization ratio of sulfur by agglomeration of Li
2S at the electrode/electrolyte interface.
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Tomohiro SATOH, Keita KURIHARA, Noritoshi NAMBU, Masahiro TAKEHARA, Ma ...
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
768-770
Published: October 05, 2012
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A trifluoromethyl group (CF
3-) is a strong electron-withdrawing substituent. We have synthesized 1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane (TFEMEE). The relative permittivity, viscosity, and anodic stability of TFEMEE were higher than those of 1-ethoxy-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane (EMEE). The presence of the trifluomethyl group can weaken the attractive forces between molecules. The kinematic viscosity of TFEMEE was as low as that of EMEE especially at high temperatures. The use of TFEMEE as a co-solvent greatly improved cycling efficiency of a lithium anode.
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Noritoshi NAMBU, Tokuma NACHI, Masahiro TAKEHARA, Makoto UE, Yukio SAS ...
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
771-773
Published: October 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
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Methyl propyl carbonate (MPC) shows a liquid temperature range that is wider than that of diethyl carbonate (DEC). Monofluorinated organic solvents exert the strong polar effect on the physical and the electrochemical properties. 2-Fluoropropyl methyl carbonate (2FPMC) and ethyl 2-fluoroethyl carbonate (E2FEC) are isomeric with each other. The relative permittivity and viscosity of 2FPMC were higher than those of E2FEC, MPC, and DEC. The ionic conductivity of 1 mol dm
−3 LiPF
6 solution in 2FPMC was lower than those in E2FEC, MPC, and DEC. The use of 2FPMC as a co-solvent greatly improved cycling efficiency of a lithium anode.
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Nobuko YOSHIMOTO, Keisuke HOTTA, Minato EGASHIRA, Masayuki MORITA
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
774-776
Published: October 05, 2012
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Electrochemical deposition and dissolution of magnesium have been investigated in organic solutions consisting of alkylmagnesiumbromides/tetrahydrofuran (RMgBr/THF) having different alkyl-chains mixed with an ionic liquid. Coulombic efficiency for cathodic deposition and anodic dissolution of magnesium, obtained from voltammetric responses, decreased with the increase in the alkyl-chain length of the magnesium complex. The highest current response was observed in the electrolyte system consisting of CH
3MgBr/THF with a quaternary ammonium salt-based ionic liquid.
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Hikaru SANO, Hikari SAKAEBE, Hajime MATSUMOTO
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
777-779
Published: October 05, 2012
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The behavior of lithium (Li) electrodeposition in room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) containing aliphatic quaternary ammonium cation was investigated by in-situ optical microscope observation. As a result, round shape Li deposits were obtained after deposition in all cases with vinylene carbonate (VC) as an additive, while most deposits were dendritic without VC. AC impedance spectroscopic measurements indicated that the dendrite growth was suppressed when a surface film with large resistance was generated. The dendrite suppression effect by VC addition was confirmed in the Py14[TFSA]-based and TMHA[TFSA]-based electrolytes as well as in the PP13[TFSA]-based electrolyte.
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Noritoshi NAMBU, Jyunya YAMAMOTO, Kohei YAMAGUCHI, Yukio SASAKI
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
780-782
Published: October 05, 2012
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Sydnone is one of the mesoionic heterocyclic aromatic compounds and is represented by the resonance hybrid of different polarized ionic structures. We have newly synthesized 3-propyl-4-propylsydnone (PPSD) and investigated its physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties. The electron-pair donability for PPSD was higher than that for propylene carbonate (PC), but the electron-pair acceptability for PPSD was lower. The addition of PPSD to an ethylene carbonate (EC)-diethyl carbonate (DEC) equimolar binary mixture at the molar ratio of 1:1:0.05 was effective for an increase in cycling efficiency of a lithium anode.
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Shinji NAKANISHI, Fuminori MIZUNO, Takeshi ABE, Hideki IBA
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
783-786
Published: October 05, 2012
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Influence of carbon surface on the discharge voltage of non-aqueous Li-O
2 battery was investigated. The discharge voltage definitely decreased with the graphitization of as-prepared carbon in spite of almost the same chemical information of carbon surface. Graphitization of carbon led to the dramatic morphological change from granular-type to angulated-type, and as a consequence, the number of defect part toward basal part was decreased. The defect parts of the carbon surface were suggested to promote the Li
+ containing oxygen reduction reaction (Li
+-ORR) related with the discharge voltage. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that the ORR potential in the Li
+ containing media was positively shifted on the edge oriented carbon model plane, compared with those of the graphitized ones. It was, thus, concluded that the carbon surface including defects activated the Li
+-ORR process on a cathode, resulting in the increase of discharge voltage.
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Hideyuki NOGUCHI, Satoshi MIYAZAKI, Yoshihiro TANAKA, Wenwen ZHAO
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
787-790
Published: October 05, 2012
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A new synthetic route for TiO
2(B) via lepidocrocite type K
xLi
yTi
2−(x+y)/4O
4 (KLTO) was established. Pure layered titanic acids were obtained by proton exchange of KLTO in 3 mol dm
−3 HNO
3 and HCl solution. The obtained titanic acid transformed into TiO
2(B) phase at 350°C and it was stable up to 450°C. Plate-like morphology particles was formed during proton exchange and transformation process to TiO
2(B). TiO
2(B) samples with high tapping density (0.9–1.1 g cm
−3) was prepared and they delivered discharge capacities of more than 100 mAh g
−1 even at 2 C.
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Yasushi IDEMOTO, Tetsuya KASHIMA, Naoto KITAMURA
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
791-799
Published: October 05, 2012
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We prepared two 0.5Li
2MnO
3-0.5LiMn
xNi
xCo
(1−2x)O
2 (x = 1/3, 5/12) samples using the solution method, followed by heat treatment under vacuum reducing conditions. ICP and average-valence analyses clarified that the amounts of lithium and oxygen were decreased by reductive heat treatments. Results of a cycle performance test showed that the heat-treated samples exhibited a high discharge capacity, although the voltage regions contributing to the improvements depended on the metal composition, i.e., 3.3 and 3.8 V for x = 1/3 and x = 5/12, respectively. In order to discuss the crystal structure, a Rietveld analysis by neutron diffraction was carried out. A localized model in which Mn occupied the 4
g site and Li occupied the 2
b site in the Li
2MnO
3-type structure (S.G.;
C2/
m) resulted in good fitting.
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Kyungsu KIM, Takeshi TOUJIGAMORI, Kota SUZUKI, Sou TAMINATO, Kazuhisa ...
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
800-803
Published: October 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
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Electrochemical properties and structure changes of nano-sized Li
4Ti
5O
12 during lithium (de)intercalation were investigated using a two-dimensional thin film electrode. Li
4Ti
5O
12 thin films were deposited on a Nb:SrTiO
3(110) substrate by a pulsed laser deposition technique. X-ray diffraction and reflectometry measurements confirmed the epitaxial growth of 27.6-nm-thick Li
4Ti
5O
12(110) films. Galvanostatic charge-discharge curves showed a large discharge capacity of 217 mAh g
−1 at the initial discharge cycle, although the reversible capacity decreased in subsequent cycles. In situ X-ray diffraction measurements clarified the drastic structural changes of the Li
4Ti
5O
12 film upon soaking in the electrolyte and during the first intercalation and deintercalation processes. The surface region of Li
4Ti
5O
12 had a different structure from the bulk during electrochemical cycling and could cause the nano-sized Li
4Ti
5O
12 electrodes to have high capacities and poor stabilities.
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Seungwon PARK, Shota ITO, Kaoru TAKASU, Takeshi YAO
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
804-807
Published: October 05, 2012
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We inserted Li into or extracted Li from Li-inserted γ-Fe
2O
3, and analyzed the structure at relaxation time. For multi-stage Li insertion sample, it was indicated that Fe moved from 8
a site to 16
c site during Li insertion process and Fe moved from 16
c site to 8
a site at relaxation process after the Li insertion, and it was suggested that Li is inserted at 8
a site with Li insertion process and Li moves from 8
a site to 16
c site after the Li insertion. For extraction sample, it was indicated that Fe moved from 16
c site to 8
a site during Li extraction process and it was suggested that Li is extracted from 8
a site and Fe at 16
c site moves into 8
a site. It was considered that Li prefer 8
a site to occupy kinetically and prefer 16
c site thermodynamically, and that 8
a site take a role as a diffusion path for both Li insertion and Li extraction. From the first principle calculation, 16
c site preference to 8
a site of Li was indicated.
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Yukiko MATSUI, Shunsuke KAWAGUCHI, Toshinori SUGIMOTO, Manabu KIKUTA, ...
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
808-811
Published: October 05, 2012
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We evaluated the charge-discharge behavior of a LiNi
1/3Mn
1/3Co
1/3O
2 (NMC) electrode in a 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (EMImFSI) ionic liquid. At 163 mAh g
−1 after 50 cycles, the discharge capacity of the NMC cathode in LiTFSI/EMImFSI (TFSI
− = bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) at 1.0 C in the voltage range 3.0–4.5 V (vs. Li/Li
+) is comparable to that in the conventional electrolyte, LiPF
6/EC+DMC. Moreover, the rate capability of the cell with LiTFSI/EMImFSI exceeded that with LiPF
6/EC+DMC, especially at high rates, probably owing to the low resistance at the electrode/electrolyte interface. These results suggest that EMImFSI is a suitable electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries utilizing an NMC cathode.
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Hideyuki MORIMOTO, Tatsuya SUDO, Hiroki WATANABE, Shin-ichi TOBISHIMA
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
812-816
Published: October 05, 2012
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The anode properties of SiO-C electrode materials [SiO-C:α-Fe
2O
3 =
x:100 −
x (wt%)] containing α-Fe
2O
3 fine powder (spherical particles, ca. 0.16 µm) as the additive were investigated in a lithium cell using lithium metal as the counter electrode. It was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that spherical α-Fe
2O
3 particles are present between the SiO-C particles. The SiO-C alloying-reaction electrode exhibited a high capacity of ca. 1330 mAh g
−1. However, the electrode caused a gradual decrease in cycle capacity at around 30 cycles. On the other hand, the α-Fe
2O
3 conversion-reaction electrode showed a high discharge capacity of ca. 800 mAh g
−1, and a good cycle performance over 50 cycles. In addition, charge and discharge were possible even for an α-Fe
2O
3 electrode without the addition of an electronic conductive material such as carbon. SiO-C electrodes containing a small amount of α-Fe
2O
3 fine powder exhibited higher capacities and improved cycle performances compared with the SiO-C electrode. The electrode with
x = 50 exhibited a discharge capacity of ca. 1000 mAh g
−1 and a good cycle performance over 70 cycles. The α-Fe
2O
3 fine powder works as a conductive path between the SiO-C particles, and prevents the disintegration of the electrode.
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Yoshitsugu SONE, Kohichi HATAKEYAMA, Shigeaki YAMADA, Minoru UMEDA
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
817-820
Published: October 05, 2012
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Two 7.5 Ah lithium-ion secondary cells were fabricated with the same design of electrodes and separator. One cell had the mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) as an electrolyte solution containing vinylene carbonate as an additive to control the solid electrolyte interphace, while the other cell used a conventional electrolyte solution. These cells were used in cycle-life and storage tests and the increases in their impedances were monitored. The activation energy calculated from the temperature dependence of the impedance remained constant after 1,000 h. It was found that the additive like vinylene carbonate do not influence to the activation energy as a function of time for the electrochemical reaction inside the cell.
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Shinji KOIKE, Hironori KOBAYASHI
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
821-824
Published: October 05, 2012
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SnO
2 and CuSnO
2 were successfully sprayed onto a Ni substrate using electrostatic spray deposition to produce negative electrode films with highly porous morphologies for use in lithium batteries. The spray-deposited SnCl
2 decomposed to Sn during heat treatment at 230°C under inert atmosphere and then was oxidized to SnO
2 being exposed to the air. The resultant SnO
2 film, which did not contain any additives such as binders or conductive additives, was used as a negative electrode. At the beginning of some charge-discharge cycles, the SnO
2 film achieved a capacity of 780 mAh g
−1, which was close to its theoretical capacity. However, its capacity subsequently decreased because of crystal growth during the Li alloying-dealloying process. The capacity retention of the film was improved by adding Cu to the precursor solution. Although the initial capacity of the CuSnO
2 film was lower than that of the SnO
2 film, the CuSnO
2 film displayed better cycle performance; i.e., it possessed more than double the capacity of the SnO
2 film after 100 cycles.
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Satoshi UCHIDA, Masaki YAMAGATA, Masashi ISHIKAWA
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
825-828
Published: October 05, 2012
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The present LiFePO
4/C cathode material is synthesized via carbothermal reduction by a high-frequency induction heating method in extremely short heating time (within a few minutes). The electric conductivity of LiFePO
4/C is improved to 1.9 × 10
−2 S cm
−1 by a short-time annealing process following a sintering process at 900°C. An increase in the particle size and formation of Fe
2P as impurity are suppressed by annealing at a relatively low temperature: 700°C. The cathode containing annealed LiFePO
4/C shows discharge capacities of 156.0, 136.3, and 100.1 mAh g
−1 at 1/10, 1, and 10 C-rates (1 C = 170 mA g
−1), respectively, and its polarization between charge and discharge is smaller than that of non-annealed LiFePO
4/C. Furthermore, the annealed LiFePO
4/C cathode shows better charge and discharge rate performance than the non-annealed LiFePO
4/C cathode.
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Yoshinori ARACHI, Momoko NAKAMURA, Hiroyuki MAEDA, Hironori KOBAYASHI
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
829-833
Published: October 05, 2012
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An order-disorder behavior of Li and Ni in LiNi
0.5Mn
0.5O
2 was investigated by means of the ion-exchange preparation and the high-temperature X-ray diffraction measurement using synchrotron radiation. Rietveld refinements at room temperature showed that the occupancy of Ni at the Li site prepared by ion-exchange is less than those by co-precipitation and it increases with an increase in temperature and time for the ion-exchange reaction. In addition, it was found that by high-temperature XRD measurements an order-disorder transition occurs at around 700 K for the sample prepared by the ion-exchange. Further, we have confirmed that an optimum ion distribution in LiNi
0.5Mn
0.5O
2 exists to show superior electrochemical performance as a positive electrode for Li-ion batteries. These results demonstrate a close relation between crystal structure and electrochemical properties for LiNi
0.5Mn
0.5O
2 which is a member of Li
2MnO
3-based materials. It is the first report that presents an order-disorder transition of LiNi
0.5Mn
0.5O
2 at elevated temperatures, on the basis of the experimental results.
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Mamoru KOMO, Asuna HAGIWARA, Sou TAMINATO, Masaaki HIRAYAMA, Ryoji KAN ...
2012 Volume 80 Issue 10 Pages
834-838
Published: October 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The oxygen evolution and reduction properties of La
0.8Sr
0.2CoO
3 are characterized using two-dimensional model electrodes with different reaction planes, synthesized on SrTiO
3 single crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Thin-film X-ray diffraction and reflectivity measurements confirm the epitaxial growth of 29-nm-thick La
0.8Sr
0.2CoO
3 (001), (110), and (111) films on SrTiO
3 (001), (110), and (111) substrates, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry curves in 1-M KOH aqueous solution indicate that the (110) film has the highest activity for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions. An expansion of the La
0.8Sr
0.2CoO
3 lattice is observed after the oxygen reduction process, indicating the formation of oxygen defects, with the highest number of defects being produced in the (110) film. X-ray reflectivity analysis demonstrates the formation of a surface layer on the La
0.8Sr
0.2CoO
3 films during electrochemical cycling due to the decomposition of La
0.8Sr
0.2CoO
3. The surface structure constructed at the electrode/electrolyte interface is a crucial factor influencing oxygen evolution and reduction activity of La
0.8Sr
0.2CoO
3.
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