Studies in English Literature
Online ISSN : 2424-2136
Print ISSN : 0039-3649
ISSN-L : 0039-3649
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Volume 33, Issue 1
Displaying 1-38 of 38 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages Cover1-
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_Cover1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Index
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages Toc1-
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_Toc1
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  • COLERIDGE AND PATER AS AESTHETICIANS : STUDIES IN SOURCES
    Kozo YAMAKAWA
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 1-16
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_1
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  • THE PSYCHIC MATERIAL OF T. S. ELIOT'S PLAYS
    E. D. PENDRY
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 17-46
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_17
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  • THE ENGLISH ROMANTIC SCHOOL AND MODERN THOUGHT
    Takashi Kato
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 47-61
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_47
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    In England, modern liberal individualism gradually emerged from the vast material changes in the 15th and 16th centuries. It has been a great liberating force since then. However, the evils, inherent in a system where social atomism and economic laissez-faire rule, have become manifest especially after the industrial revolution. From the viewpoint of social thought, the romantic poetry of the early 19th century can be interpreted as an antithesis to this atomistic liberalism and the world in which it reigned. However, the romantic literature itself could never have come into being without the liberating influences of the modern times. Thus, the English romantic poetry of the period contained in it two apparently contradictory aspirations-individual liberty and social unity. To harmonize these two principles constituted, in a sense, the political thinking of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley etc. And herein three types of thinking are discernible. 1) The "regressive" type. Wordsworth and Coleridge wished to realize, in the 19th century England, the organic unity supposed to have existed in the pre-industrial age. 2) The mystic type. Of this, Schiller's Aesthetic Education of Mankind is the most eloquent exposition. Poetry and its motive power, imagination, are conceived to be a mediator between the real and transient and the ideal and eternal. 3) The socialist type. Starting from the realistic analysis of the political situation, Shelley attempts to restore unity in man and society by democratic political action, the goal of which is roughly identical with what modern socialism aims at.
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  • SPRACHFELD, ITS THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL UTILITY : IN REFERENCE TO THE BLIND SPOT OF STR. GRAMMAR
    Ben Wada
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 63-84
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_63
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    Haugen and other rightly criticized str. gram. for its mathematical circularity. Their calling, however, for the tying of the floating circularity (the principle of Distribution) to external constants (the prin. of Identity) cannot easily be accepted. Because 1. a mere putting together of the heterogeneous antipodes has no scientific significance, and 2. an unconditional reliance on the extra-linguistic necessarily runs the risk of retreating to the old grammar (to which, Haugen avows, he 'would not go back'), and 3. a simple and naive assumption of constant correspondence or association between ling. and extra-ling. elements will imply Konstanzannahme, which forms the fons et origo of Elementalism. The present writer considers the blind spot of str. gram. is not in its adoption of functional concepts, but in its application and practice of them, and proposes to vanquish the unwarrantable over-estrangement of the intra-ling. from the extra-ling. by introducing the concept of Sprachfeld, which, being a definitely dynamic concept (unlike the crude, ill-defined ling. situation), can bring certain aspects of the extra-ling. into a larger whole of functional relationship with the intra-ling. After reviewing the popular equation of the ling. sit. with the Sit. of Presence, and the two-field theories of Richards' and Biihler's, the writer proceeds to map out the three levels of Sprachfeld (F. d. Anschauung, F. d. Erzahlung and F. d. Aufgabe), in the light of which he puts forth a new, (macro-)functional clarification of the entire tectonic structure of language, revealing in particular various levels of Subj.-Pred. relationship, which have been regarded under one head indiscriminately as symbolic of the automony of language, but are really dependent on Sprachfeld in their respective ways. In the clarification he also settles the conflict concerning Subj. and Pred. between followers of traditional logic and emancipators of grammar from logic.
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  • THE REVALUATION OF THE VICTORIAN NOVEL : ITS GENERAL SURVEY AND PROSPECT
    Kazuhiko Yoneda
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 85-100
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_85
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    In the history of English Literature the distinctive product of the Victorian age was its prose fiction; the era produced incomparably more numerous novels than any age preceding it. We want to reassess their artistic and moral qualities accurately, and now in the middle of the twentieth century, we may be able to see them in their proper perspective, comparing them with the twentieth century novel, and without being much hampered by excessive anti-Victorianism. In England and especially in America, there have appeared recently or are to appear soon the definitive editions of the letters of Dickens, Thackeray, Trollope and George Eliot and also the comprehensive biographies of those and other Victorian novelists. In this connection we must highly appreciate the achievements of Prof. Gordon Haight, Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Hanson, Mr. Humphrey House, Mr. Edgar Johnson, Dr. Richard L. Purdy and Prof. Gordon N. Ray. Many books of literary criticism on Victorian novels have also been published, and many valuable articles treating them have appeared particularly in Nineteenth-Century Fiction, Studies of Phiiology and PMLA. One of the characteristics of the recent biographical and other studies of Victorian novels and novelists is that they treat the novels and novelists in their 'contemporary context.' They provide us with abundant information about the current topics, thoughts, and literary convention contemporary with the novels and novelists, and this information is indispensable especially when we investigate the social criticism in the works of early Victorian novelists. In our study of the Victorian novel, we must of course and cannot but consult the above-mentioned books and articles as extensively as possible. But at the same time we must read Victorian novels themselves all the more intensively, because we cannot successfully pursue the biographical research for lack of such materials as manuscript sources, and also because after all it is these novels themselves that can tell us most clearly what they are. Not a few persons are making a special study of the Victorian novel in our country, and by organizing their assiduous activities we can hope to contribute in our own wav to the task of revaluating the Victorian novel.
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  • THE THACKERAYAN DOUBLENESS : A SKETCH OF HIS PERSONALITY
    Seiji Fujita
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 101-115
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_101
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    The writer begins his essay by roughly recollecting how his present view of Thackeray has been formed. He has been a little shocked by Prof. Gordon N. Ray's conclusion in his The Buried Life that the sentimental element in Thackeray's fiction is closely related with his strongest point, 'the sympathetic insight' or 'the penetrating vision' and by Prof. Geoffrey Tillotson's explanation in his Thackeray the Novelist that Thackeray's novels are great without having their passages of commentary shorn off. But the writer, instead of being fully persuaded by these opinions, still considers the sentimental element and the passages of commentary as Thackeray's defects, weakening a great deal the artistic effect of his fiction. Thackeray's novels have made somehow or other on the writer a vague impression that Thackeray was prepossessed with 'something.' Further considering has led the writer to the conclusion that this 'something' was Thackeray's former self. Thackeray seems to have constantly been conscious of his past life while writing his novels, especially his later ones. This self-consciousness seems to have often led him to defend himself and some of his near relatives. This seems to have made him wear a mask quite often. The Thackeray masked forms a contrast to the Thackeray unmasked. Hence The Thackerayan Doubleness! As an example of Thackeray's self-defence, the writer presents his tentative explanation of the Rachel's union with Harry in Esmond. Hitherto this marriage has been interpreted as a transformation of a maternal love into a sexual one. But when we take into consideration the fact that Thackeray was, after all, a man of common sense and that he was constantly guided by the Victorian code, this view seems to admit of ample room for doubt. The writer should think that this union meant the realization of the one means we have on the earth by which a man and a woman are allowed to live together for ever. This means the banishment of 'separation' so much dreaded by Thackeray, much more so because of his recent 'separation' from Jane Brookfield. Such a marriage is not necessarily based on 'a sexual love.' It may be thought as a form of Thackeray's self-defence.
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  • C. DICKENS AND THE DEVIL
    Masami Tanabe
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 117-130
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_117
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    From his youth Dickens was one of the typical Radicals, and through both practices and novels he endeavoured to improve the society; and, though he was optimistic, the mid-Victorian world was too full of miseries and evils for him and his life may be called a continual conflict with wrongs and evils of the world he lived in. Judging from his works we can find two sorts of evils: evils represented by individual character and evils represented by the society. Dickens concentrates himself in the former case to encourage good characters and to punish evil ones individually, and in the latter case he attacks through individuals the conditions and systems of the world itself. If it is permitted to divide his whole works into two groups, earlier and later, one may be found mainly in his earlier works terminating with 'Martin Chuzzlewit' (1843-4), and the other in his later works beginning with 'Domby and Son' (1846-8). Concerning both, it may be said the interest and delight of hunting evils are constituting the main prop to his plot in every novel. Yet it is clear that the more he wishes to improve the society or to dispel evils from it, the more he becomes dejected and pessimistic; such miraculous instances as Mr. Bumble, Mr. Squeers and Mrs. Gamp through whom he could be a successful reformer cannot be found in his later works, and it may be natural that this once optimistic Radical was called 'sullen socialist' in his later years. But, through this process, on the other hand, he attains the penetrative realism of his literature that may be only comparable to that of Dostoevsky or of Balzac in the world literature. 'Martin Chuzzlewit,' as a model of the literature of the Devil, has in this meaning many suggestions as the conclusion of the hunting of individual evils or as the turning point towards the hunting of social evils; and what meaning has these suggestions in the artistical perfection of Dickens's literature is the theme of the present essay.
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  • GREATE EXPECTATIONS
    Koichi Miyazaki
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 131-145
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_131
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    The title of Great Expectations primarily means the prospect of abundant inheritance. But this novel tells about some other expectations, too,-those of marriage, of making others happy, of captivating others' heart, etc. All these expectations prove to be vain. So this title may also be understood as an irony for great disappointments. Gloomy atmosphere pervades this novel. The change from carefree mood of Dickens's earlier works to this gloom may be partly looked for in his critical and sceptical attitude towards the existing society. But even in his earlier works he was critical about society to a certain degree. The chief factor in inducing this change was Dickens's growing disbelief of human heart. ` Heart ' was the supreme cause in his earlier works. The world was pleasant for him in spite of every difficulty, just because of warmth of human heart. But Dickens seems to have lost that fervent admiration of 'Heart' in his late years. In Great Expectations the simple boy Pip becomes snobbish once he attains to riches. Magwitch's sincere wish to make Pip a gentleman is thwarted by Pip's fastidiousness. Estella says that she has no heart. Miss Havisham's heart is broken. These phases show that it is dangerous to rely on heart too much. The lawyer Jagger's way of living-that of treating others as materials-will be the safe way in the real world. Dickens's transition from his earlier picaresque novels to the novels of presenting gradually changing character was the reflection of his experience. His separation from his wife and his bitterly sweet attachment to Ellen Ternan turned his interest to the mystery of human heart. In spite of the general gloom in this novel, we find some amount of relief there. It also may show Dickens's not utterly forsaken belief in humanity.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 147-150
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_147
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 150-155
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_150
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 155-158
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_155
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  • E. BAGBY ATWOOD, A Survey of Verb Forms in the Eastern United States, University of Michigan Press, 1953, 8 1/2×II, viii+53 p., Figures I-31, Index of Forms pp. 47-53, $6,00
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 158-167
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_158
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  • "NINETEENTH-CENTURY FICTION", (Quarterly) Univ. of California Press, $1.00 each copy, $3.00 annual subscription, $2.00 a year, special student rate (must be accompanied by certification of student status signed by faculty member)
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 167-171
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_167
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 172-175
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_172
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 175-176
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_175
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 176-178
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_176
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 178-180
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_178
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 180-182
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_180
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 182-185
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_182
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 185-187
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_185
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 187-188
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_187
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 188-189
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_188
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 189-190
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_189
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 190-192
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_190
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 192-193
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_192
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Bibliography
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 194-199
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_194
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Bibliography
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 199-
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_199
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 200-205
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_200
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 205-214
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_205
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 214-219
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_214
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 219-
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_219
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Bibliography
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 220-
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_220_1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Bibliography
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 220-
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_220_2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages App1-
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_App1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages App2-
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_App2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    1956 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages App3-
    Published: July 25, 1956
    Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20759/elsjp.33.1_App3
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