In order to study the metabolism of pyruvic acid in diabetes, the author observed on the effects of pyruvic acid administration (injected intravenously 40 mg to 100 mg 6 times hourly) upon the blood glucose, pyruvic acid and lactic acid concentrations in normal and alloxan rabbits, and the results were compared with those of the cases injected pyruvic acid with various hormones (insulin, ACTH, cortisone and DOCA) or sulfonyl compound (p-aminobenzene-sulfamid-isopropyl-thiodiazole, PABS-IBTD).
Those are the results of this experiment :
(1) Both normal and alloxan rabbits responded with diminution of blood pyruvate rather than elevation of it, following to the injection of pyruvic acid.
(2) The accelerating effects of insulin, cortisone and PABS-IBTD on the metabolism of pyruvic acid were observed, comparing the blood pyruvate curves following to the injection of pyruvic acid alone, with those of cases injected pyruvic acid with hormones (insulin, ACTH, cortisone and DOCA) or PABS-IBTD.
(3) The blood lactate values were not increased by the injection of pyruvic acid or lactate. However, the blood pyruvic acid values were increased following to the injection of lactate in normal and alloxan rabbits. And in the latter cases it was more significant.
(4) Both normal and alloxan rabbits responded with elevation of blood glucose following to the injection of pyruvic acid, and hyperglycemia was seen markedly in alloxan rabbits.
(5) The effect of sugar formation due to the injection of pyruvic acid was inhibited by cortisone, ACTH and PABS-IBTD. However, it was accelerated by insulin and DOCA.

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Utilization of I¹⁸¹ in clinical investigation has been so prevalent in recent years that a great number of contributions have been made by it toward the clarification of the thyroidal function. But experimental administration of this radioisotope to other patients than those having hyperthyroidism is subjected to certain restrictions.
In this paper, a physico-chemical method which can be conveniently used for the separate estimation of organic iodine compounds in human plasma is described. It consists of preliminary separation of the organic iodine compounds in the plasma by paper chromatography and subsequent quantitative estimation of each compound by Heki-Ono's method.
The results are as follows.
1. About 85 percent of PBI is recovered by this method.
2. Generally, 85 percent of the organic iodine is present As thyroxine and 15 percent as diiodotyrosine.
3. In hyperthyroidism, the thyroxine fraction increases ; in hypothyroidism, it decreases and the diiodotyrosine fraction shows significant increases.
4. These results are almost identical with those obtained with I¹³¹.

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The authors observed the changes in the 17 KS content in urine and its fractions following administration of insulin, calcium meso-oxalate (Mesoxan) and sulfonamide derivatives (BZ 55, D 860 and IBTD) to 22 cases and predonisolone, adrenalin. and ACTH to 6 cases of diabetes mellitus hospitalized at this Clinic, for relatively short duration. The results obtained were as follows :
1. Insulin was given to 5 cases in therapeutic doses for 1 to 3 days and 17 KS was found increased in 4 cases and its fractions VI + VII also increased in all the 5 cases. In the case treated further with insulin, the fractions became normalized.
2. Mesoxan was administered to 7 cases for 2 to 6 days in medicament doses. 17 KS was found increased in 5 of them and its fractions VI + VII in 6 cases, showing a tendency similar to that after insulin.
3. Of sulfonamide derivatives, BZ 55 was given to 5 cases, D 860 to 3 cases and IBTD to 2 cases, 10 cases in total. 17 KS was found increased in 4 and decreased in 6 cases, and its fractions VI+VII were found decreased in 8 cases. Thus, in some cases the tendency was opposite to that after insulin. This is perhaps due to the larger length of the observation.
4. In the cases given 20 mg each of predonisolone we could not observe any definite change, but in the cases given 0.5 mg of adrenalin chloride and 25 units of ACTH the 17 KS content and its fractions VI + VII were found increased.

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We had reported the statistic observation on diabetes mellitus of the period 1946 to 1955. This time, we report the same observation especially from the view point of senile diabetes mellitus adding the cases till 1957.
1) Chronological order of percentage of diabetic onset were 50-59 years old, 40-49 years old, 60-69 years old, 30-39 years old, 20-29 years old, over 70 years old and 10-19 years old.
2) Diabetic subjective symptoms, such as thirst, polyuria, exhaustion of whole body, emaceration and polyphagia were decreased at the aged men over 40 years old.
3) Order of the diabetic complication were hypertension (28.0%), disease of the kidney (14.0%), arteriosclerosis (10.5%), tuberculosis (9.0%), disease of the liver and billiary duct (7.3%), and diabetic coma (1.6%).
4) Hypertension, arteriosclerosis and disease of kidney were increasing at the aged men, but tuberculosis, disease of liver and so on were not changed.
5) Obesity was found in 29.4% in all diabetics, and over 40 years old in 33.9%.
6) Fasted blood sugar level of the juvenile diabetes were generally higher than that of aged men over 40 years old. Amount of daily urinal sugar discharge, the same inclination was observed.
7) Acetonuria were observed 9 cases (2.9%) in 314 cases, and as chronological, more cases in juvenile diabetes than aged.
8) Sugar discharge level of the kidney had increasing tendency compared with healthy men generally, and over 190mg/dl were 47 in 124 cases.
9) So called narrow meaning latente diabetes mellitus which did not show the glycosuria were 6.6% in our observation, and all of them arised after 40 years old ; blood sugar level were comparatively low and blood sugar level of 120mg/dl to 150mg/dl were 42.8%. Order of subjective symptoms were thrist, polyphagia, exhaustion of whole body, feeling of itch, disturbance of vision and emaceration. But patients who did not complain of such subjective symptoms were 19.0%.
10) So called wide meaning latente diabetes mellitus (Tateishi) which had no such symptoms as diabetes mellitus itself, and found out accidentaly by doctor or diagnosed as diabetes by senile symptoms or changings, were 46 cases in 314 cases, and such cases showed remarkable increareasing tendecny in over 40 years old. Blood sugar level and urinal glucose. quantity were comparatively low (under 200mg/dl, 80.49%, under 40g/day, 76.1%). Order of chief complains in such patients were exhaustion of whole body, neuralgia, heavy feeling of head, disturbance of vision, feeling of itch, harding of shoulder, palpitation, fruncle, vulvitis and so on. But the patients who visited our clinic complaing only glycosuria were 27 cases of 46 latente diabetic patients.
11) Hypertension as diabetic complication was 28.0% and its chronological order were 50-59 years old, 60-69 years old, and over 70 years old.
12) Albuminuria as diabetic complication were 40 cases in 314 cases (12.7%) and it arised after 30 years old, then got maximum at 60-69 years old as 17.1%.
13) Among 55 cases of the senile diabetic patients over 40 years old, 20% of hyperthyroidism, 17.3% of hypophysis-adrenal hyperfunction and 18.2% which considered to sexual hypofunction Were observed.
Our thanks are due to late Prof. S. Tateishi who had passed away on the 6 of May 1958 for his advice in the preparation of this paper and his help during our statistic work.

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Blood level of ATP was estimated as the increase in organic phosphorus following seven minutes' hydrolysis as reported previously.
Blood level of ATP was frequently decreased in uncontrolled diabetics.
More marked decrease in ATP was found in juvenile diabetics and in diabetics with high fasting blood sugar level.
The increase in blood ATP and decrease in inorganic phosphorus following glucose tolerance test was found to be less in uncontrolled diabetics compared with normal adults.
A similar tendency was observed following fructose loading.
Insulin treatment caused an increase in blood ATP, while sulfonylureas often failed to increase blood ATP even in cases showing satisfactory decrease in urinary sugar.

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Hyperpigmentation in patients with hyperthyroidism has been noted by many clinicians and according. to various papers and monographs, the frequency of hyperpigmentation ranged from 3 to 70% of the patients, but these results were obtained mainly either from the patient's history or from the subjective observation of the physicians and there has been no work in which the change of pigmentation in hyperthyroidism was measured objectively.
In this report the degree of pigmentation of the abdominal skin in patients with hyperthyroidism has been measured by photoelectric reflection meter before and after thyroidectomy. In 65 cases (70%) among 93 patients with hyperthyroidism the decrease of pigmentation was observed by treatment and it was deduced that in these 65 patients the pigmentation was increased by hyperthyroidism From the study using the monochromatic lights for reflection measurement, it was concluded that this decrease of hyperpigmentation was mainly due to the decrease of melanin content of the skin. The mechanism of increase of pigmentation in hyperthyroidism was discussed.

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