In this study, Vitamin B₂ level of normal rat liver was measured by means of Fujita and Matsuura's lumiflavin fluorescent method under the administrations of antituberculosis drugs, that is, SM, PAS and INH, and moreover, the poly-administration of them and adrenal cortical hormone.
The results obtained are summarized as follows :
1) The group injected with SM at the rats of 0.25 mg/day for 20 days showed remarkable decrease of the Vitamin B₂ level, compared with the control which was injected with physiological salt solution for the same term. There was no change if Predonine and SM were administered at 0.25 mg/day at the same time.
2) Under repeated injections of PAS at 100 mg/day for 20 days, Vitamin B₂ decreased, but there was no change after the poly-administration of Predonine at 0.25 mg, as in the case of SM.
3) The groups injected with INH at 2.5 mg/day for 20 days, and at 5 mg/day for 10 days showed no difference from the control. There was no change from repeated poly-administration of Predonine at 0.25 mg.
4) Hence, Vitamin B₂ decreased under repeated poly-administration of 50 mg SM and 100 mg PAS.
5) A decrease was also shown under repeated poly-administrations of 5 mg INH and 100 mg PAS for 10 days.
Taking these facts into consideration, it is concluded that Vitamin B₂ level of the liver decreases in all other cases except that of INH only, and Predonine brings no change to the decrease.

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In order to clarify the effects of light on the sexual functions of matured female albino rats, we ufed Iwasaki's method for continuous illumination, and investigated the changes of vaginal smears, assayed the gonadotropic potencies of anterior pituitaries, and analized the histochemical properties of anterior pituitaries, ovaries and uteri.
Persistent estrus began after 50 days, at least, of continuous illumination.
As the histological changes of anterior pituitaries, so-called β-cells (PAS positive cells), increased in number, they became larger and more predominantly degranulated than normal control animals.
Gonadotropic potencies of anterior pituitaries increased remarkably after 20 days of continuous illumination but decreased after 10 days, reaching a lower level than normal control animals.
After 20-50 days of continuous exposure to light, the weight of ovaries increased to a considerable extent and histologically, fresh corpus-luteum formations were noted ; many growing follicles and some degenerated or atretic follicles were also observed within them.
But in the ovaries of animals which were exposed continuously to light for 70 days, we could not recognize any corpus-luteum formations. However, we did observe many growing follicles and some degenerated or atretic follicles.
From these experimental results, we can say that, at the early stage of continuous illumination, anterior pituitaries are dominantly accelerated on the point of release and during the production of gonadotropic hormones, especially FSH and LH, but the longtime exposure to continuous light favors a decrease of LH-release from anterior pituitaries and this decrease of LH secretion induces the FSH dominant condition in the qualitative characters of released gonadotropic hormones from anterior pituitaries.
As for the result, this FSH dominant hormone-milieu also brings about the so-called “hyperestrinism” and continuous cornification of vaginal mucous membrane of rats, which were exposed to continuous light for a longtime.

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It is a known fact that the posterior pituitary hormones, as the chemical mediator of hypothalamic activity play an important role, in the secretory function of anterior pituitary.
This concept has been built up on the indirect experimental facts : That the release of GTH, TSH and ACTH respectively were elucidated from the increased activity of target endocrine glands, i.e. gonads, thyroid and adrenal cortex following the injection of pituitary posterior hormone.
Direct measurement of the anterior pituitary hormone in the blood will certainly clarify the situation.
In the previous reports from our clinic, Tsuji and Ogura reported on the technique of direct measurement of plasma TSH-level, using thyroid slices and Warburg technique. With method it is now possible to study the hourly response of plasma TSH-level with only 0.5 cc plasma.
The author has tried to study the effect of pituitary posterior hormones, such as pitressin and Oxytocin, on the release of TSH from the anterior pituitary lobe following this method.
As the indicator of the anterior pituitary activity in humans and dogs, plasma TSH level was determined by Tsuji-Ogura's bio-assay method.
Furthermore, in the experiments with rats, Vasopressin effect via TSH upon thyroid was determined by the increase of the following thyroid items : weight of thyroid, uptake of I¹³¹, PBI¹³¹ convertion ratio, T/S I¹³¹ ratio, thyroid index corresponding experiments were carried out with oxytocin for the purpose of comparison. The result are summarized as follows :
(1) Vasopressin, subcutaneously injected, gives rise to the acceleration of the pituitary thyroid activity in man, dog and rat.
This action of vasopressin in observed as
1) Elevation of plasma TSH level directly following the injection of vasopressin and
2) acceleration of thyroid activity. Oxytocin produces the same kind of enhancement of pituitary thyroid activity but in a for milder form (Fig. 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12).
(2) Vasopressin injection in subjects with various endocrine diseases, produces abnormal plasma TSH response as compared with the results of vasopressin test in normal subjects. Those cases with abnormally low anterior pituitary activity or pituitary destruction failed to respond upon vasopressin with increase of plasma TSH-level. Thus a fairly distinct functional test of anterior pituitary lobe could be developed with direct measurement of plasma TSH-level.
(3) Resection of the pituitary in rats abolishes the thyroid response upon vosopressin injection. Stalk section combined with celophanisation of the resected stalk brings about the lowering of plasma TSH. Vasopressin injection in the dogs with stalk section, produces a fairly distinct increase of plasma TSH-level.
These facts point out the plausible effect of.vasopressin upon pituitary-thyroid system, but this effect is brought about humorally and always first via anterior pituitary lobe.
(4) Medicaments such as reserpine, chlorpromazine and phenobarbital, which are believed to act upon hypothalamus, were given to the animals and the vasopressin effect upon plasma TSH-level was examined.
Only phenobarbital was able to suppress the increase of plasma TSH-level which normally follows the injection of vasopressin. The other two drugs showed no effect upon plasma-TSH response upon vasopressin.

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The authors have studied the behavior of insulin-like activity and glucagon-like activity of blood in comparison to blood sugar level of normal and diabetic subjects.
Venous blood was drawn from V. pancreatico-duodenale sup., V. portae, V. hepatica and V. femoralis and their blood sugar level, insulin-like activity and glucagon-like activity were examined simultaneously. The insulin-like activity was determined with the rat diaphragm method after Shimazu and the glucagon-like activity was determined with the liver slice method after Shinko.
Blood sugar was estimated with Hagedorn-Jensen's method. For the experiments, dogs of 7-8 kgm. body weight were used.
The results of observations are summarized as follows :
1) Insulin-like activity of fasting plasma drawn from diabetics, who had not received insulin treatment showed a low level as compared with normal subjects, whereas that of diabetics under treatment with long acting insulin preparations showed elevated value in comparison to normal level.
Glucagon-like activity of venous blood showed no conspicuous difference both on normal subjects and diabetics.
2) There was apparently an alternating relationship between insulin-like activity of blood and fasting blood sugar level in normal subjects and that group of diabetics, who had not received insulin treatment, i.e., the lower the fasting blood sugar level the higher the insulin-like activity of blood and conversely the higher fasting blood sugar level the lower insulin-like activity of blood.
3) In animal experiments, insulin-like activity and glucagon-like activity of blood drawn from V. pancreatico-duodenale sup. showed a slightly higher level as compared to the blood drawn from other venous sites, but insulin-like activity of venous blood drawn from other sites showed no conspicuous difference to each other.
Glucagon-like activity revealed a conspicuaus decrease after its passage through the liver parenchyma, i.e., ratio of glucagon-like activity of portal vein blood to that of hepatic vein blood represented 5.7 : 1.
This phenomenon seemed to elucidate the mechanism of glucagon effect and its break down in the liver.

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The endometrium of the human sexually mature female reveals the regular menstrual cycle, namely, proliferative, secretory and bleeding phases. The phase to which the endometrial cell belongs can easily be differentiated. On this basis, the author aimed his investigation on the relation between the electron-microscopic ultra fine structure of cells and their functions.
The fresh endometrium was immediately fixed for 1 to 2 hours in a cold room, with 1% solution of osmic acid adjusted to pH 7.4 by 1/100 M of phosphate buffer and also brought to isotonic by 0.25 M of sucrose. After being washed with distilled water several times, it was dehydrated by ethanol, embeded in methacrylate and cut into ultra-thin sections to be observed under an electron microscope.
Two kinds of cells, dark and clear, were observed in the glandular epithelium of the endometrium throughout proliferative and secretory phases. The darkness of the cell was due to the number of freely scattered Palade's particles. In general, dark cells outnumber the clear ones in the proliferative phase, and vice versa in the secretory phase.
There were definite cyclic changes in the cytoplasm of glandular epthelial cells, with no clear changes in the nucleus.
In the proliferative phase, the mitochondria were small and dark, endoplasmic reticula were few and chiefly vesicular, and Golgi complex was also small. Palade's particles, however, were densely scattered, and the dark cells generally exceeded in this phase.
In the secretory phase, the number of free Palade's particles in cytoplasma decreased, while the clear cells increased. Many cytoplasmic organella appeared in the cytoplasm of the inflated glandular epithelial cells. Mitochondria became larger and their number increased. Their matrixes were both dark and clear. Endoplasmic reticulum increased remarkably, and besides the vesicular type, lamellar and vacuolar types also appeared. Golgi complex also enlarged. In the late secretory phase, these organella were observed in the upper part of the cell, and the lumenal cell surface projected in the lumen.
In the regenerative phase, dark cells increased again and the glandular epithelium resembled that in the proliferative phase.
Conclusions drawn from the above mentioned study were as follows. It was chiefly, freely scattered Palade's particles that had a great influence on the proliferation of glandular epithelial cells of the endometrium. Golgi complex, and endoplasmic reticulum, especially lamellar and vacuolar types, were a great factor in the secretion. And secretion done mainly by apocrine gland type, and partially by eccrine gland type.
In the s truma cell, a small change of nucleus and a great cyclic change of cytoplasm were observed. In the proliferative phase a few mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, which were chiefly vesicular, appeared in the cytoplasm, while in the secretory phase, there were many organella in the cytoplasm of enlarged cells. Mitochondria were enlarged and most of matrices had changed to clear. The increase of endoplasmic reticulm was especially noticeable. And all types has increased, especially lamellar, vacuolar and their intermediate types. Their natures were similar to those of glandular epithelial cells in the secretory phase. In the event of pregnancy, the struma cell changed to decidual cell and its picture in secretory phase became more marked.
As already discussed, in cells of the glandular epithelium secretory phenomena and the endoplasmic reticulum were closely related, especially the existence of a large number of endoplasmic reticulum in lamellar and vacuolar types, revealed the active secretory function.
It was further observed from the above mentioned study on the struma cells, that decidual cells and also struma cells in secretory phase have some secretory function.

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Estriol was given orally to oophorectomized women and estimations were made of the excretion of the various hormones in the urine. The results were as follows :
There was a fall in the urinary output of gonadotropins, while there was a rise of the individual estrogens (estriol, estron and estradiol) and of total neutral 17-Ketosteroids. Consequently, we assumed that estriol has the suppressing action on the pituitary, on the other hand it has the activating action on the adrenal cortex.

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