Sesame oil emulsion was administered intra-peritoneally, at the rate of 1 cc. (0.2 gm.) per 100 gm. body weight, for ten successive days to the non-pregnant (diestrus and estrus) and pregnant (early and late stages) Wister strain rats.
The results were as follows :
1. There were no significant changes concerning the pituitary and ovarian weights in any group.
2. Total cholesterol content in serum was appearently reduced in the non-pregnant rats, while there was no significant change in the pregnant rats. No detectable changes were observed regarding the contents of total fatty acids and phospholipids in serum in any of the non-pregnant and pregnant rats.
3. Total cholesterol content in ovaries was clearly elevated in the non-pregnant rats, while there was no significant change in the pregnant rats. No statistically meaningful changes were observed concerning the contents of total fatty acids and phospholipids in ovaries in any group.
4. Regarding the pituitary gonadotropic potency, there was a slight rise in the non-pregnant rats, while there were no significant changes in the pregnant rats.
5. An increase of the number of beta cells in the anterior pituitary and the degranulation of beta granules were obvious in the non-pregnant rats. These changes were not observed in any of the pregnant rats.
6. Sudanophilic droplets in ovaries became more coarse and numerous in both the non-pregnant and the pregnant group. However, these changes were more evident in the non-pregnant groups.
7. Cyclic changes of vaginal smears became slightly irregular, but no quiescence of cyclic changes was recognized in the non-pregnant rats. The changes of glycogen content index of vaginal smears were nearly in parallel with the changes of vaginal cornification index. In the pregnant grougs, however, these changes were not observed.
These results lead to the following conclusions :
In the non-pregnant rats, in contrast with the normal cyclic hormonal changes of the non-treated rats, the administration of sesame oil emulsion elicited an interesting change in the features of the anterior pituitary ovarian axis. There were enough evidences to show that the anterior pituitary of the treated, produced and secreted more gonadotropin than that of the non-treated ; however, the ovaries were not influenced by the changes of the anterior pituitary.
The attitude of the reacting ovaries was rather quiet in character causing deposition and increace of cholesterol content-the material of steroidogenesis.
These changes which were elicited by the treatments of sesame oil emulsion in the non-pregnant rats were not observed in the pregnant rats.

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During short and prolonged administration of hormones and extirpation of endocrine glands in rabbits, serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (Ch) and glucose (Gl) were measured, and changes in NEFA and Gl levels during glucose tolerance test before and after treatments were studied.
Fatty acid mobilizing effect was demonstrated by an increase of NEFA and TG after a short administration of hormones.
1) Adrenalin showed a fatty acid mobilizing effect, but the elevations of serum NEFA and TG levels were inhibited by marked hyperglycemia which followed.
2) Administration of insulin caused a rapid fall in the serum levels of NEFA and glucose. The decreased NEFA levels returned to fasting levels more quickly than glucose.
3) Thyroid hormone showed a fatty acid mobilizing effect and conditioned the adipose tissue to an increase of NEFA release. Decrease of fasting lipid levels in the serum and glucose intolerance which were produced by the prolonged administration of this hormone, were due apparently to the increased utilization of fatty acids in the peripheral tissue.
4) Estrogen was not effective on the fatty acid mobilization and the glucose tolerance, but decreased the fasting levels of serum lipid. On the other hand, ovariectomy caused a increase of fasting lipid levels in the serum and glucose intolerance.
5) Androgen conditioned the adipose tissue to an increase of NEFA release and decreased the fasting levels of serum lipids. Orchectomy caused a glucose intolerance, a decreased inhibition of NEFA release in glucose load and an increase of serum lipids.
6) Glucocorticoid showed a fatty acid mobilizing effect, in particular hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Increase of NEFA release produced by this hormone was inhibited by the hyperglycemia which followed.
7) ACTH showed a marked fatty acid mobilizing effect and a glucose intolerance, and simultaneously conditioned the adipose tissue to an increase of NEFA release.

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Recently, many synthetic progestins were reported to be useful for clinical use. In these progestins, 17α-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MNT), as well as 17α-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone (EtNT) and 17α-ethynyl-estrenol (EtEL), were known to have some estrogenic effects. The possibility of these compounds to convert to estrogens in vivo was suggested by several investigators, but the definite proof has not yet been made.
In this experiment, MNT, EtNT or EtEL were administered orally to oophorectomized and hysterectomized uterine cancer patients and the urines were analyzed to prove the aromatization of these progestins in vivo.

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For the purpose of studying the thyrotropin of the fetal pituitary gland, the following estimations have been investigated : namely, TSH production in the placental tissue, TSH variations in the fetal pituitary gland during pregnancy, passage of the placental TSH, shifting of TSH in the fetal pituitary gland and blood TSH in the newborn infant.
(1) For the placental TSH extraction, Bates's percolation method seemed to be the most reliable. It was found that when TSH estimation was tried of the placental tissue with the above method, the active TSH like substance found in naturally expelled placenta was 1.7±0.4 mU/100g which was no more different than that of the tissue removed in cesarian section.
In considering TSH quantity found in the residual blood volume of the placenta and that of maternal blood, it has been found that the placental TSH content did not exceed that of the residual blood. Hence, TSH is hardly secreted from the placental tissue.
(2) With white mouse experiment, TSH of the pregnant pituitary was found to be markedly increased compared with that of non-pregnant period. Therefore, it is possible to assume the increased TSH in blood during pregnancy is not attributable to placental source but rather due to heightened secretion of TSH in the pituitary gland.
(3) With white mouse, the experiment showed that TSH failed to pass the placental tissue.
(4) It was possible to detect TSH in the anterior lobe of the pituitary of the human fetus from the 8th week of fetal life, and that the lobulation of the thyroid gland is about completed in the 23-24th week, but beginning from the latter part of the 6th gestation month and during the early week of the 7th gestation month TSH content seemed to have rapidly increased.
(5) PAS positive granules seemed to appear in the anterior lobe of pituitary gland by the early week of 7th gestation month and which became more marked thereon.
(6) TSH active substance value in fetal blood was found to be 4.2±1.3 mU/100 ml. It is considered that the fetal pituitary-thyroid system is engaged in an independent secretory function from that of the maternal organ.
(The present paper was read by Yasuo Ueda, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology before The 36th Annual Meeting of Japan Endocrinological Society, and it was published in full in the Endocrinologia Japonica, Vol. 11, No. 1, 1964)

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The surgical procedures have a great influence on organism and especially its water and electrolyte metabolism. It is considered to be due to glucocorticoids (cortisol) through adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) through volume-receptor and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) through dicencephalon and posterior pituitary lobe. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of these hormones on water and electrolyte metabolism in normal human subjects.
All experiments were performed in normal subjects under water diuresis which was produced by water intake and drip infusion of 5% dextrose solution. Urine flow, osmolality and electrolytes, i.e. sodium, potassium, chlorine, calcium and magnesium, of urine and blood plasma, and, moreovere, creatinine clearance were measured.
The intravenous injection of cortisol induced an increase in urine flow, which would be due to an increase in free water clearance (C_H2O), not due to osmolar clearance (C_osm). The excretion of urinary sodium and chlorine tended to decrease and potassium to increase. The calcium and magnesium excretions were increased. The excretion of urinary sodium, however, seems to depend on the amount of cortisol. 200 mg of cortisol showed a tendency to decrease in sodium excretion, while 100 mg to increase. Creatinine clearance (GFR) was not changed at all. Plasma level of all electrolytes was also not changed.
The urine flow was increased by intravenous injection of aldosterone just like by cortisol. The increase seems to be due to an increase in C_H2O, because creatinine clearance (GFR) showed no change and C_osm was decreased. The urinary excretion of sodium and chlorine was decreased and potassium tended to increase. Concerning urinary calcium and magnesium they were increased or not changed. Plasma level of electrolytes showed no change, too.
Pitressin^® (ADH) promptly induced a marked decrease in urine flow and C_H2O. The latter became negative and the ratio of urinary and plasma osmolality (U_osm/P_osm) was elevated remarkably. The marked decrease in urine flow seems to be due to the decrease in C_H20, because osmolar clearance was not changed. The urinary sodium excretion was decreased or not changed. Chlorine, potassium, calcium and magnesium tended to decrease in urine. Plasma level of electrolytes showed no change. When arginine-vasopressin a synthetic ADH, was administered instead of Pitressin^®, the results were just the same as by Pitressin ^®. Nicotine is considered to release ADH through its stimulation of hypothalamus. When nicotine was injected intravenously, urine flow, C_H2O, U_osm and U_osm/P_osm showed the same changes as by injection of Pitressin^®. Urinary excretion of electrolytes and plasma level of electrolytes were hardly changed. Creatinine clearance also showed no change.
The effects of combined administration of these hormones on water and electrolyte metabolism were investigated.
When cortisol and aldosterone were administered together, urine flow and C_H2O were increased, while C_osm, was not so changed. Concerning urinary electrolytes, sodium excretion decreased and potassium excretion increased gradually. Urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium showed no constant changes. Creatine clearance was not changed. Thus, the combined administration of these two hormones induced almost the same changes as either of these alone. The administration of Pitressin^® combined with cortisol, aldosterone or both showed a marked decrease in urine flow and a marked increase in U_osm/P_osm, whereas C_osm, was not changed. Therefore, the effects of Pitressin_® seems to appear predominantly.

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