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Volume 49, Issue 9
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Induction of rabbit and guinea pig sperm capacitation in vitroShigeru AONUMA, Tadanori MAYUMI, Koji SUZUKI, Masaru OKABE1973 Volume 49 Issue 9 Pages 1161-1166,1153
Published: September 20, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn our previous report (S. Aonuma et al. 1973), it was demonstrated that the guinea pig spermatozoa released the sperm specific substance in estrogen-dominated uterus much greater than that in the progesterone-dominated uterus. This released substance had the ability to block the fertilization of rabbit capacitation spermatozoa (decapacitation). From the viewpoint that the release of decapacitation factor (DF) from the spermatozoa stimulates the sperm capacitation process, it is suggested that the spermatozoa capacitation is induced in the suitable chemical defined medium in which DF is released from the spermatozoa without damages to the spermatozoa.
This present data demonstrated the induction of rabbit and guinea pig sperm capacitation in vitro.View full abstractDownload PDF (764K) -
Shuhei ITO, Kei SEO1973 Volume 49 Issue 9 Pages 1167-1176,1155
Published: September 20, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe precise mechanism of the biosynthesis of thyroxine (T4) from diiodotyrosine (DIT) has not yet been established. Among various hypothesis on this coupling mechanism, the syntheses of T4 through the coupling of DIT and hydroxydiiodophenylpyruvic acid (DIHPPA) has been supported by more convincing evidences. The nonenzymic synthesis of T4 from DIT is reported in this paper.
1. The yield of DIHPPA was approximately 19% in an assay system containing DIT, pyridoxal and Manganous ion, nonenzymatically.
2. When the bovine thyroid microsome and H2O2 generating system or α-ketoglutarate were added to this assay system, DIHPPA was only slightly produced.
3. The effect of pyridoxal on the T4 formation was investigated in vivo. As to results of these experiments, the ratio of iodothyronine (T4+T3) and iodotyrosine (DIT+MIT) tended to decrease by in the thyroid gland of chronic VB6 deficient rats for 4 or 6 weeks. However, the ratio of DIT and monoiodotyrosine (MIT), and manganous content had no remarkable change. From the above results, it is indicated that the iodotyrosine coupling reaction is stimulated by pyridoxal.
4. The yield of T4 was 24% by the reaction between DIT and DIHPPA in the presence of oxygen for 1 hr. T4 yield from DIT by oxygen bubbling in an assay system containing DIT, pyridoxal and manganous ion was gradually increased for 4 hrs. and reached a maximum value (10%).
From the above data, it is concluded that the mechanism of T4 production from DIT in thyroid gland is as follows : (a) in the first step DIHPPA yields more nonenzymatically than enzymatically from DIT : (b) in the second step T4 yield is gradually developed in the presence of oxygen : (c) pyridoxal and manganous may play an important role in the synthesis of T4 from DIT in thyroid gland.View full abstractDownload PDF (1171K) -
Clinical Studies on the Function of Pituitary TSH Secretion in the Young and Aged SubjectsMasahiro SAKODA, Tsuneo FUKUDA, Masanori TAMAOKA, Yasuyoshi FUKATSU, M ...1973 Volume 49 Issue 9 Pages 1177-1185,1156
Published: September 20, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSerum TSH levels after synthetic thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF) administration were determined in healthy young and aged subjects to demonstrate whether pituitary TSH secretion would be affected by the aging prosess or not. TRF was administered intravenously in 2 doses of 50-100 μg and 400 μg to normal young subjects (20-28 years old) and normal aged men (70-88 years old), and its effect on serum TSH levels was compared in both age groups. Serum TSH levels were measured by immunoassay with the double antibody technique. The mean maximum rise of serum TSH was attained at 20 minutes after TRF (50-100 μg) administration, while with 400 μg of TRF, it was attained within 20-30 minutes, and especially in aged men, delayed response to TRF was observed. The mean maximum increments±SEM in serum TSH induced by 50-100 μg TRF in 11 young subjects and 13 aged subjects, and 400 μg of TRF in 6 young subjects and 13 aged subjects were 8.3±1.5, 6.4±0.9, 22.2±4.5 and 16.3±3.0 μU/ml, respectively. The changes in serum TSH levels in aged subjects who received 50-100 μg TRF were almost the same as those obtained in young subjects. However, when 400 μg of TRF was given, certain aged cases showed lesser TSH increment, and the mean TRF induced TSH response of aged men was less than that of youngmen, though it was not statistically significant. Therefore, it seems that the pituitary TSH reserve to small doses of TRF in aged men is maintained almost the same as that in the young, but in large doses of TRF, TSH responses in the aged are less than those in the young.View full abstractDownload PDF (965K) -
M. SAKUMA, F. NAKAZATO, M. KIMURA, M. FUJIWARA, Y. SATO, K. MIYAI, Y. ...1973 Volume 49 Issue 9 Pages 1186-1197,1157
Published: September 20, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe biological fate of 3H-thyrotropin-releasing hormone (3H-TRH) was studied in male mice, pregnant mice and rats after intravenous and subcutaneous injection.
At the various times after injection into rats the urine and bile were collected and the radioactivity was measured in a liquid scintillation counter. Homogenates of feces and other organs were used as the samples for the combustion method. In order to know general distribution of radioactivity in the body, whole autoradiography was carried out. Determination of the unchanged compound in the urine, blood, liver and hypophysis was performed by ion exchange chromatography followed by electrophoresis.
The cumulative excretion of 3H in the 5-day urine after i.v. injection to rats was 49.5% of the administered radioactivity and almost all the urinary radioactivity appeared in the first 6 hours. About 15% of the administered radioactivity was excreted in feces in 5 days.
Thirteen % of the radioactivity excreted in the 24-hour urine was present as unchanged 3H-TRH and the remainder as its metabolites. The concentrations of unchanged 3H-TRH in the plasma and liver were about 18% and 0.9%, respectively, and the intact 3H-TRH was also detected in the hypophysis.
After subcutaneous injection of 3H-TRH, the rate of disappearance of 3H from the site of injection was rapid and the biological half-life was about 6.5 min. The radioactivity was distributed in the organs with a distribution pattern similar to that after i.v. administration.
It was found from the whole body autoradiograms with mice that the highest radioactivity was observed in the blood, lungs, kidneys and connective tissues and that the lowest level was found in the central nervous system immediately after i.v. injection. In the hypophysis, the concentration of radioactivity in the anterior lobe was slightly higher than that in the posterior lobe. In pregnant mice the radioactivity substance passed through the placental barrier, but the concentration in the fetuses was lower than that in the placenta. During the investigation period the distribution pattern of radioactivity remained unchanged although the radioactivity level decreased gradually.View full abstractDownload PDF (2527K) -
Toshiro SAKURADA, Toru YAMAGUCHI, Makiko YAMAMOTO, Reiko DEMURA, Mitsu ...1973 Volume 49 Issue 9 Pages 1198-1206,1158
Published: September 20, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a family with X-chromosome-linked inheritance of thyroxine (T4) -binding globulin (TBG) deficiency, serum free T4 values in three of four patients were low, but free triiodothyronine (T3) values were all normal in four of them. Binding capacities of T4. binding prealbumin (TBPA) were high in three of four patients. In the propositus, a 47-year-old male, whose T4-binding capacity of TBG was null, half-time of T4 was shortened, turnover rate, distribution space and clearance rate increased, extrathyroidal organic iodine pool decreased and degradation rate of T4 were unchanged compared to normal values. While half-time of T3 prolonged, turnover rate, extrathyroidal pool and degradation rate of T3 decreased, and T3 distribution space and clearance rate increased compared to normal values.
When 0.24 mg of ethinylestradiol-3-methylester per day was administered orally to the propositus for 1 month, half-time of T4 was prolonged, total T4 increased and T4 binding capacity of TBPA decreased, but free T4, T4-binding capacity of TBG and the degradation rate of T4 were unchanged. Meanwhile half-time of T3 shortened, total and free T3 levels and degradation rate of T3 increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (1075K) -
S. SATO, T. TSUKUI, T. YAMADA, S. MIYAKAWA, T. WATANABE1973 Volume 49 Issue 9 Pages 1207-1214,1159
Published: September 20, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn an attempt to evaluate the action of guanyl nucleotides on adenyl cyclase of human thyroid plasma membrane, a number of in vitro experiments were carried out.
1) PGE2 apparently stimulated adenyl cyclase activity of human thyroid plasma membrane in the presence of guanyl nucleotide (GTP). When 10-3 M ATP concentration was used, the effect of PGE2 was maximal and increased progressively with increasing concentration of PGE2 (10-7 to 10-4 M).
2) In the presence of 10-4 M GTP, PGE2 manifested its maximal effect when 10-5 M ATP was administered, whereas TSH manifested its maximal effect when 10-3 M ATP was present. This indicated that PGE-2 and TSH required their specific optimal concentrations of ATP to manifest their maximal effects.
3) In addition to GTP, PGE1 effect on adenyl cyclase also reappeared in the presence of GDP and GMP. The magnitude of this permissive role was GDP>DTP>GMP.
4) Since PGE-2 effect on adenyl cyclase appeared immediately after addition of the nucleotides, guanyl nucleotide manifested its effect directly acting on adenyl cyclase.
5) This effect of guanyl nucleotide did not manifest its action by increasing ATP generation or by augmenting PGE, binding on plasma membrane.
It is suggested that guanyl nucleotides acted on adenyl cyclase as an effector, and that PGE2 and TSH may have their different binding sites on thyroid plasma membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (901K) -
Yuzuru KATO, Shozo OHGO, Kazuo CHIHARA, Hiroo IMURA1973 Volume 49 Issue 9 Pages 1215-1222,1160
Published: September 20, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA sensitive radioimmunoassay for human prolactin (HPr) was developed with highly purified HPr and antibodies to HPr (kindly supplied by Dr. H. Friesen). HPr (Friesen 71-9-4) was iodinated with 125I to specific activities of between 130 and 200 μCi/μg by a modified chloramin T method of Greenwood et al, and also used for standards in these studies. The double antibody technique was used to separate bound from free labelled hormones. The parallelism was observed among the inhibition curves of the standard HPr and those of sera obtained from a patient with Forbes-Albright syndrome and a pregnant woman. Human GH, TSH, ACTH, LH and FSH showed no significant cross reactivity in the assay. The minimal detectable value was 1-2.5 ng/ml. The average coefficient of variation was 9.4% in different assays.
Basal levels of plasma HPr in normal subjects were less than 30 ng/ml and 90% of them were under 20 ng/ml. The mean (±SE) basal HPr levels in 32 normal subjects was 11.4±1.3 ng/ml. No significant sex difference was observed. Synthetic TRH (Tanabe, 500 μg, iv) caused a significant increase in plasma HPr in all of 10 normal subjects tested, and the peaks were observed 15 minutes after the injection.
Plasma HPr levels were normal in most patients with acromegaly. Markedly elevated plasma HPr values were observed in 4 of 6 patients with chromophobe adenoma, 2 patients with ectopic pinealoma and 3 patients with diabetes insipidus due to hypothalamic tumors, while 2 patients with idiopathic diabetes insipidus showed normal HPr levels. Plasma HPr responses to TRH were slightly impaired in patients with hypothalamo-pituitary tumor, whose basal plasma HPr levels were elevated.
Plasma HPr levels in 5 patients with Sheehan's syndrome were tended to be low, and 3 of them showed no significant increase in plasma HPr following TRH injection, while 2 other patients with Sheehan's syndrome exhibited normal or rather exaggerated HPr response to TRH.
Plasma HPr levels were normal in most of patients with anorexia nervosa and plasma HPr responses to TRH in these patients were either normal or slightly delayed. One patient with anorexia nervosa showed significantly elevated plasma HPr levels with no response to TRH.View full abstractDownload PDF (905K) -
1973 Volume 49 Issue 9 Pages 1223-1233
Published: September 20, 1973
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1615K)
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