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Volume 51, Issue 6
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Teruhisa OHASHI, Toshioki SAITO, Motoyoshi TAKATA, Tadao NIIJIMA1975 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 515-523
Published: June 20, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRadioimmunoassay for conjugated and free estrone (E1), estradiol-17β (E2) and estriol (E3) in male plasma was investigated, while no precise determination of conjugated estrogen in male plasma had been established.
Each tritiated estrogen glucuronides for determining the recovery was added to 3 ml of plasma samples. These plasma samples were extracted with acetone, hydrolyzed with 15 vol%HCl at 100°C for 60 minutes, and resulting free estrogens were extracted with ether. These extracts were washed with 1%NaOH and 1%NaHCO3, and applied to microcolumn of Sephadex LH-20. Then they were determined by the radioimmunoassay as the same method of evaluation for free estrogen.
Each mean values of plasma free and conjugated estrogen in 10 normal adult males was as follows : 36.0±9.81 pg/ml (free E1), 29.5±11.0 pg/ml (free E2), 1.80±1.27 pg/ml (free E3), 31.0±12.6 pg/ml (conjugated E1), 36.0±14.2 pg/ml (conjugated E2), 30.6±8.35 pg/ml (conjugated E3).
Conjugated estrogen to free estrogen ratio was 1.45.View full abstractDownload PDF (783K) -
Nobuhide KONDA1975 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 524-545
Published: June 20, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy the earlier studies, it has been shown that electrical stimulation of some brain areas such as the medial amygdala and the medial septum increased multiple unit activity (MUA) in the medial preoptic area (MPO) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and resulted in gonadotropin release and/or ovulation. On the basis of this evidence, the present study was made to elucidate the effects of stimulation of the forebrain-limbic inhibitory systems on MUA in the MPO and the ARC in relation to the control of gonadotropin release using Wistar female rats.
1) In proestrous rats, electrical stimulation of the basolateral complex of amygdala (1-AMYG), the anterior amygdala (AAA), the hippocampus (HPC), the anterior hippocampus (HIA) and the ventral and lateral part of the central gray matter at the caudal midbrain level (CG) depressed the MUA levels in both the MPO and the ARC in almost of all cases. In the same experiments using ovariectomized and no-primed rats, it was observed that electrical stimulation of the above-mentioned areas was also successful to depress the MUA levels in the MPO and the ARC. But the incidence of inhibition was somewhat lower than that of in proestrous rats.
2) Simultaneous stimulation of the HPC and the 1-AMYG decreased in their inhibitory effects on the MUA in the MPO and the ARC which were apparently observed through the separate stimulation. This was true in combined stimulation of the CG and the 1-AMYG or of the CG and the HPC. It seemed that inhibitory effect on gonadotropin release which was induced by the separate stimulation was cancelled by the combined stimulation.
3) The 1-AMYG and the HPC seemed to form an inhibitory feedback circuit, excitation of a site inhibiting the other.
4) In ovariectomized rats, electrical stimulation of the 1-AMYG or the HPC decreased the MUA levels in the MPO and the ARC after the estrogen injection even in thecase that facilitatory effects were observed before estrogen administration. It seemed that inhibitory effects of these inhibitory areas on the hypothalamic activity were enhanced under the dominant influence of estrogen.
5) After an injection of atropine, electrical stimulation of the HPC increased the MUA levels in the MPO and the ARC, while the stimulation of the same sites decreased when no treatment. On the other hand, atropine did not alter the effects of 1-AMYG stimulation on the MUA in the MPO and the ARC.
It seems that the forebrain-limbic inhibitory systems have more important roles in the control of gonadotropin release than it has been assumed, through inhibiting the electrical activity in the MPO and the ARC.View full abstractDownload PDF (2837K) -
Keiko KAWAGUCHI, Itaru HIRAI, Hajime MORIKAWA, Matsuto MOCHIZUKI, Shim ...1975 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 546-555
Published: June 20, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to know the secretory behaviors of human growth hormone (hGH) and human prolactin (hPRL) during pregnancy, the following studies were undertaken.
Twenty three normal pregnant women of every period of gestation, eighteen women of postpartum and five nonpregnant subjects volunteered for this study. After fasting overnight, these volunteers were placed at complete bed rest, and a fasting antecubital venous blood sample was drawn at 8 : 00 a.m. Then L-arginine, 30 g, was infused intravenously over a 30 minute period, and venous blood samples were drawn at 30, 45, 60, 90,120, minutes after infusion.
Serum hGH level was detected by hGH radioimmunoassay Kit (Dainabot) and serum hPRL concentration was measured by double-antibody radioimmunoassay system (NIH-NIAMDD). In addition, serum hCS level was measured by hCS-Kobe double-anti-body radioimmunoassay system in comparison with the secretory behaviors of hGH and hPRL.
1. Serum hGH, hPRL and hCS concentrations during pregnancy.
HGH concentration remained almost unchanged through the course of pregnancy, but hPRL and hCS concentrations increased with the progress of pregnancy.
2. Serum hGH and hPRL concentrations in puerperium.
HGH level did not change as compared to that of nonpregnant or pregnant women. HPRL concentration maintained high level in 1-3 postpartum weeks.
3. Effect of arginine on the concentrations of serum hGH, hPRL and hCS during pregnancy.
The hGH response decreased, but that of hPRL increased along with the progress of pregnancy. During the arginine loading test there was no significant change in hCS concentration.
4. Effect of arginine on the concentrations of serum hGH and hPRL in puerperium.
The HGH response was supressed at the first week of the postpartum. The response of hPRL was. lower than that of late pregnancy.
To summarize, hGH and hPRL have some similar biological characters, but there was a difference in secretion pattern of the two hormones during pregnancy. Reserve function of hGH secretion was supressed, but that of hPRL secretion increased along with the progress of pregnancy. And in the third trimester of pregnancy, the difference of the secretory behavior and secretory reserve function between hGH and hPRL was prominent.View full abstractDownload PDF (973K) -
Takayoshi AOKI1975 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 556-560
Published: June 20, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSerum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline-phosphatase were determined in 3,191 women as a part of a multiphasic health testing program. A fasting sample of blood was drawn between 9 and 11 a.m. and the separated serum was applied to a Technicon Autoanalyzer SMA 12/60 and measured. In 527 women, who were found to have no abnormalities on the other laboratory tests or by the physical examination, were the results of determination studied in relation to age and menstrual status. The values obtained from 13,258 men were employed as a control.
In regularly menstruating women the serum calcium level was decreased with the advance of age. Once the menstrual cycle had got irregular toward the menopause, the serum calcium level was rapidly increased, reached maximum in 2-5 years after the menopause, and was slightly decreased thereafter. The serum inorganic phosphorus level also varied in a similar attitude. On the other hand both the serum calcium and phosphorus levels in men were gradually reduced with the advance of age and no fluctuation was observed. Alkaline-phosphatase in serum was distinctly enhanced in the postmenopause. These data indicate that the decline in estrogen secretion results in hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia and that a prophylactic estrogen therapy may be considered at the early stage of the postmenopause for preventing the increased bone resorption.View full abstractDownload PDF (527K) -
-Effects of Cyanoketone on Pregnenolone and Corticosterone Production-Chieko BANNAI1975 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 561-572
Published: June 20, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study the effect of cyanoketone on steroidogenesis of rat adrenal, the assay technique for corticosteroids released into the incubated media of the rat adrenal cells treated with collagenase was basically investigated. Corticosterone was measured by fluorometric method and pregnenolone by radioimmunoassay. Reliability of radioimmunoassay was satisfactory.
About 400,000 cells were obtained from one adrenal gland of male or female rats and sex-dependent difference in pregnenolone and corticosterone production in response to ACTH was not found.
Net corticosterone production by isolated adrenal cells was related to the log of the concentration of ACTH by a sigmoid curve over the range 1 to 1000 μU/ml. The half-maximum response was observed at an ACTH concentration of 10 μU/ml, and maximum corticosterone production responding to ACTH (100-1000 μU /ml) was about 5 μg/adrenal/ 120 min.
When cell suspensions were incubated with 1000μU/ml of ACTH, the conversion from pregnenolone to corticosterone was inhibited 50% by cyanoketone at a concentration of 2×10-8 M. The conversion was completely inhibited at a concentration of more than 10-7 M. Cyanoketone up to a concentration of 10-5 M seemed to have no inhibitory effect on cholesterol side-chain cleavage.
In the absence of ACTH significant amount of pregnenolone was formed (about 60 ng/adrenal) by isolated adrenal cells obtained from normal adult female rats during incubation with 10-7 M of cyanoketone for 60 min. To eliminate the possibility of the effect of endogenous ACTH which might be present in incubation medium, cell suspensions were obtained from hypophysectomized female rats. Incubations were carried out in the same condition as mentioned above and significant amount of pregnenolone was formed by the cell suspension, which was about 35 ng/adrenal.View full abstractDownload PDF (1248K)
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