Folia Endocrinologica Japonica
Online ISSN : 2186-506X
Print ISSN : 0029-0661
ISSN-L : 0029-0661
Volume 53, Issue 6
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • Hitoshi ENOMOTO, Kazuko INOUE, Kazuko ENOMOTO
    1977 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 719-738
    Published: June 20, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Twenty-seven patients with primary hypothyroidism (males 8, females 19, aged 18-80 years old) were treated by thyroid hormone medication for replacement therapy and then TRH test was performed in total on 97 occasions. The patients were divided into three groups by the medication used : the L-thyroxine (L-T4) group in doses of 50-450 μg/day (0.89-3.41 μg/kg/day), the L-triiodothyronine (L-T3) group in doses of 15-75 μg/day (0.37-1.39 μg/kg/day), and the L-T4 + L-T3 (10 : 1) group in doses of 50-50 μg/day (0.80-3.0 μg/kg/day) of L-T4 in combination with 5-15 μg/day (0.08-0.30μg/kg/day) of L-T3. The TRH test was performed for each case except 4 cases of the L-T3 group at small dose (0.37-0.56 μg/kg/day), more than one month following the change of medication, and the peak values of serum TSH measured after TRH injection were compared with serum basal TSH, T4, T3, RT3U, total cholesterol measured before TRH injection, and the doses of thyroid hormone medication.
    The results obtained are as follows :
    I. The results common to all groups.
    1) There was marked difference in basal TSH among the cases even if they showed the range of normal values of serum T4 and T3 or serum T3 alone (L-T3 group). And these cases showed various types of response, from no-response to hyper-response to the TRH.
    2) When basal TSH values were high, all cases were hyper-responsive to TRH administration.
    3) Except the L-T3 group, some cases were hyper-responsive to the TRH even if they showed normal values of basal TSH.
    4) There was almost no correlation between the RT3U and the peak TSH values, especially in the L-T3 group.
    5) There was no correlation between the serum total cholesterol and the peak TSH values.
    6) There was negative correlation between the doses of thyroid hormone medication and the peak TSH values, in the order of the L-T3 group L-T4 group L-T4 + L-T3 group.
    II. The results on the L-T4 group.
    1) The serum T4 was within the normal range in 92.9% of the cases, and these values were significantly correlated with each of the medication dose, basal TSH, peak TSH, and serum T3.
    2) The serum T3 was within the normal range in 88.1% of the cases, and these values were not correlated with the dose of L-T4, but correlated with each of the basal TSH, peak TSH and serum T4.
    3) The cases which showed hyper-response to the TRH were with not more than 2.12 μg/kg/day in the dose of L-T4, with 11.6 μg/100ml in serum T4 and with more than 102 μg/ 100ml in serum T3.
    4) The cases which showed normal serum T4 and serum T3 lower than normal showed normal-response or hyper-response to the TRH.
    5) Nineteen cases which showed normal-response to the TRH were with 1.18-3.13 (2.20±0.47) μg/kg/day in the doses of L-T4, with 4.9-13.6 (10.0±2.16) μg/ml in serum T4, and with 65-472 (96±25.7) μg/100ml in serum T3.
    III. The results on the L-T4 + L-T3 group.
    1) The serum T4 was within the normal range in 87.2% of the cases, and there were some cases which were lower in serum T4 when the dose of L-T4 was comparatively large, 2.44 μg/kg/day, showed hyper-response to the TRH.
    2) The serum T3 was within the normal range in 97.4% of the cases and the values were not correlated with any of the medication dose, basal TSH, and peak TSH values.
    3) No cases showed hyper-response to the TRH when serum T3 were more than 147 μg/ 100ml.
    4) Twelve cases which showed normal-response to the TRH were with 106.2+20.2 μg/ day (2.06±0.50 μg/kg/day) in the dose of L-T4, with 5.8-11.0 (9.1±1.78) μg/100ml in serum T4 and with 65-170 (112±35.5) μg/ 100ml in serum T3.
    IV. The results on the L-T3 group.
    1) The serum T3 was within the normal range with the small dose of L-T3 of 15 μg/day (0.37 μg/kg/day).
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  • Hikaru TAKAHASHI, Makoto KATAOKA, Kiyotsugu INADA
    1977 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 739-742
    Published: June 20, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It has been demonstrated recently in many laboratories that thyroid peroxidase plays a direct role in the oxidation of iodine, iodination of thyroglobuline, and formation of triiodothyronine and thyroxine.
    On the other hand, many investigators have reported the localization of thyroperoxidase activity in cytochemical studies using 3.3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB), but somewhat different results were obtained by these investigators.
    Peroxidase activity in thyroid follicular cells reported until now is localized in the following sites : the perinuclear cisternae, cisternae of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, the inner few lamellae of the Golgi apparatus, some apical vesicles and the external surface of microvilli.
    But the thyroid material of these studies was almost all from experimental animals.
    We have now electron-microscopically investigated the localization of peroxidase in human thyroid glands, by staining histochemically (DAB), thyroid slices previously fixed with glutaraldehyde.
    We found that the peroxidase activity was localized mainly in the colloid droplet which has never been reported by other investigators.
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  • Yasuhisa MATSUSHIMA, Hideichi MAKINO, Azuma KANATSUKA, Masahiro YAMAMO ...
    1977 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 743-751
    Published: June 20, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present study was undertaken to clarify the relationship between secretion of growth hormone and glucoreceptor in the hypothalamus of normal subjects and diabetics, using 2-bromo-α-ergocriptine (CB 154, Sandoz) which has been reported to decrease the level of growth hormone in acromegaly. Six normal volunteers and 8 non-controlled diabetics were examined according to the programs described below.
    The results obtained are as follows :
    (1) Oral administration of 2.5mg of CB 154 caused an increase of up to 11.6 ng/ml in serum HGH level in normal subjects 150 minutes after the administration, but only a low grade increase in serum HGH level in diabetics was observed.
    (2) When oral administration of CB 154 had been followed by 50g of glucose ingestion two hours later, the HGH response to CB 154 was completely suppressed in normal subjects, but a slight increase of HGH level was observed in four of the eight diabetics.
    (3) When CB 154 had been orally administered two hours prior to the 50g glucose ingestion, the lower response of blood glucose was observed in both normal subjects and diabetics. There was no remarkable difference in serum IRI response to glucose between the non-pretreated and the CB 154 pretreated subjects.
    These findings indicated that a HGH response to CB 154 might be affected by the glucoreceptor in the hypothalamus, and that an abnormal secretion of HGH might be present in diabetics. Moreover, CB 154 was thought to influence the glucose tolerance curve though not through the release of insulin.
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  • Futoshi IIDA, Hiromasa KAWAI
    1977 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 752-764
    Published: June 20, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Histological changes of the thyroid glands in autopsy cases were studied for comparison with the changes observed in surgical materials. Three hundred and eleven thyroid glands from patients who died from causes other than thyroid diseases were studied. The results can be summarized by dividing them into two groups.
    Diffuse changes
    Colloid escape (56 cases) : Thyroidal colloid flowing from ruptured follicles was found in interfollicular stroma. The colloid was in contact with interfollicular stroma and was observed to be disappearing among collagen fibers.
    Lymphocyte infiltration (11 cases) : Small foci of lymphocyte infiltration were observed in interfollicular stroma. Lymphocyte infiltration was most frequently found in the cases between 40 to 70 years of age.
    Adenomatous goiter (4 cases) : All of them showed features of adenomatous goiter earlier than that found in surgical materials.
    Chronic thyroiditis (1 case) : This case was classified as a lymphoid type which showed diffuse infiltration of lymphocyte without any changes of follicular epithelium.
    Localized lesions
    Solid cell nest (14 cases) : Solid cell nests were observed among thyroid follicles and showed a positive reaction for Grimerius' stain in 9 out of 14 cases.
    Cancer (10 cases) : All of them measured under 1cm in diameter and were papillary adenocarcinoma. Seven cases showed encapsulated growth and three non-encapsulated sclerosis.
    Adenoma (5 cases) : Four of them were classified as colloid adenoma and the other as Hürthle cell adenoma. All of them measured under 1cm in diameter.
    Granulomatous lesion (7 cases) : Histiocytes and polynuclear giant cells were collected within a single follicle. Colloid was observed to be decreased. These findings were different from that of subacute thyroiditis.
    Scar (4 cases) : Irregular-shaped scars were found in the thyroid gland, but the etiology was unknown.
    Ectopic thymus (4 cases) : Thymus tissue was found on the surface of the thyroid gland. One of the tissues co-existed with parathyroid tissue.
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  • I. Preliminary report of the determinations of plasma corticosterone by HPLC combined with radioimmunoassay
    Zenzo SAITO, Tetsuji HASHIBA, Masaji MIYAMOTO, Ryoyu TAKEDA
    1977 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 765-775
    Published: June 20, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The analysis of corticosteroids (CS) was preliminarily investigated using a DU PONT 830 High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a UV detector and a Permaphase column ETH.
    1) Firstly, the best condition for the separation of mixed CS was investigated. In a linear gradient elution, ten authentic steroids, varying greatly in polarity (including native CS such as DOC, Corticosterone and Cortisol) were sharply separated in about 20 minutes. Recovery of the steroid injected into the column was 96-100%.
    2) Standard CS added to the chloroform extracts from plasma or urine were also clearly separated in the same condition as above. In the experiment using predonisolone and estrone-propionate in different doses, the synthetic steroids were quantitatively separated, giving a linear calibration curve.
    3) Sensitivity of the steroid determination was ng order photochemically in a plot study, but the method, using a UV detector, was not sufficient to apply to small amount of samples extracted with chloroform. To solve this problem, radioimmunoassay was applied to the eluate containing biological steroid, which was roughly separated using the synthetic steroid marker.
    As for the determination of plasma corticosterone using this method of HPLC combined with radioimmunoassay, the results were satisfactory for practical use; the mean based values and SD of 10 normal controls were 0.4±0.2 μg/100ml for corticosterone, and they showed 4 to 5-fold increases to 250 μg of synthetic ACTH injection.
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  • Nagao HEKI, Michio NOTO, Hiroyuki HOSOJIMA
    1977 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 776-784
    Published: June 20, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry makes possible the simultaneous measurement of homovanillic acid (HVA), vanilmandelic acid (VMA) and 3, 4-dihydroxy mandelic acid (DOMA) in 2ml urine samples.
    The equipment used was the Shimadzu LKB 9000 GC-MS (MID-PM). The TMSi derivatives of the compounds were analysed by the GC-MS system equipped with a 3ft × 3mm column packed with 1.5% OV-1 and the temperature was programed from 130° to 260°C at 10°C/min increments. The mass spectrum showed molecular ions at m/e 326,414 and 472 which correspond to the TMSi derivatives of HVA, VMA and DOMA respectively.
    The peaks at m/e 326 (HVA), 297 (VMA) and 355 (DOMA) were applied to avail themselves of simultaneous multiple ion analyses by GC-MS.
    As little as 1pg of the compounds injected into the column could be measured reproducibly. The sensitivity is of the order of pg or ng, and the linearity of the response is maintained up to at least 200ng.
    The procedure was simpler and less time consuming than previous methods. It consists of extraction of the free acid into ether followed by complete silylation of the phenolic, alcoholic and carboxylic acid group with bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide.
    Recoveries of HVA, VMA and DOMA added to urine were 93.8%, 71.2% and 23.6% respectively. The specificity of this method surpasses and cannot be compared to any other existing quantitative methods.
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  • Nagao HEKI, Michio NOTO, Hiroyuki HOSOJIMA
    1977 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 785-796
    Published: June 20, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry makes possible the simultaneous measurement of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and dopamine (DA) at the picogram level. The equipment used was the Shimadzu LKB 9000 GC-MS (MID-PM). The TFA derivatives of the compounds were analysed by the GC-MS system equipped with a 3ft × 3mm column packed with 1.5% OV-1 and the temperature was programed from 135° to 260° at 10°C/min increments. The mass spectrum showed molecular ions at m/e 552,566 and 440 which corresponds to the TFA derivatives of NE, E and DA respectively. The base peaks of NE, E and DA were m/e 109,140 and 328 respectively. The peaks at m/e 126 (NE and DA) and 140 (E) were applied to avail themselves of simultaneous multiple-ion analyses by mass fragmentography.
    As little as 4pg of the compounds injected into the column could be measured with good reproducibility, and the linearity of the response was maintained up to 120pg. The sensitivity was of the order of ng or pg which enables quantitation with 1ml of human serum and urine sample. The procedures were simpler and less time consuming than previously reported methods.
    Recovery rates of NE, E and DA from serum were 2 5.7%, 13.7% and 76.1%, whereas those from urine were 100%, 89.6% and 100% respectively.
    The specificity of this method surpasses and cannot be compared to any other existing quantitative methods.
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  • -Non-extraction method with 125I-labeled aldosterone-
    Kazushige IINUMA, Yukinobu ARAKAWA, Atsushi TAKAGI, Kunio KURATA, Tosh ...
    1977 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 797-809
    Published: June 20, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A simplified direct radioimmunoassay system for serum aldosterone measurement was developed by using radio iodine-labeled aldosterone and highly specific antiserum to aldosterone.
    8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) was used to prevent the binding of aldosterone to serum proteins. Polyethylene glycol was used to separate the antibody-bound aldosterone from the free aldosterone as the precipitant.
    The minimum measurable concentration of aldosterone is 30pg/ml of serum by short incubation method (at 25°C for 3hr incubation) and 15pg/ml of serum by long incubation method (at 4°C for 20hr incubation) respectively.
    Present radioimmunoassay eliminates extraction of the aldosterone from serum and chromatographic separation procedures, and requires only 0.1ml of serum sample for assay.
    The intra-assay precision was C. V. 6.9% (average of 4 samples) and the inter-assay precision was C. V. 10.7% (average of 4 samples).
    There is an excellent correlation between the extraction method and this direct method in serum aldosterone value obtained (correlation coefficient, 0.96). The normal value was 36.8±25.9 pg/ml (recumbent) and 113.6±61.5pg/ml (upright).
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  • Kazumi HARUYAMA, Katsuo NAKAJIMA, Soitsu FUKUCHI, Masaru SAITO, Kazush ...
    1977 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 810-820
    Published: June 20, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A radioimmunoassay method was developed to measure plasma aldosterone levels.
    Antibody was produced in rabbits by injecting aldosterone oxime coupled with bovine gamma-globulin once a month.
    Plasma aldosterone was measured simultaneously by two methods : the direct method without extraction and a method using paper chromatography.
    125 I-aldosterone was used in the first method and 3H-aldosterone in the second.
    The antibody had a high specificity adequate to show zero water blank in the first method.
    Adequate precision, accuracy and sensitivity were obtained in a direct method using 125I-aldosterone.
    Plasma aldosterone levels were 7.1±3.0ng/100ml (Mean ±SD) in normal subjects and slightly higher after injecting ACTH-Z.
    The correlative coefficient between the first and the second method was significantly high (r=0.970, P<0.001, n=37).
    Plasma aldosterone was high (34.3±14.1ng/100ml, n=7) in primary aldosteronism, slightly high (14.2±2.6ng/100ml) in secondary aldosteronism, normal in Cushing's syndrome (10ng/100ml) and low in Addison's disease (1ng/100ml), hypopituitarism (1ng/100ml) and pseudoaldosteronism (2ng/100ml).
    From these results, it is concluded that the direct method without extraction was a very useful and reliable method for measuring plasma aldosterone. It was superior in simplicity and there is no need to use a liquid scintillation counter.
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