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Volume 53, Issue 7
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Shigeru AONUMA, Yasuhiro KOHAMA, Yutaka KOMIYAMA, Shizuo NAKAJIN, Yasu ...1977 Volume 53 Issue 7 Pages 821-832
Published: July 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe previously presented evidence that the salivary gland hormone, parotin, is composed of a subunit which has a molecular weight of 45000 and possesses the biological and immunological activities of parotin. In this paper the isolation of fragments from a tryptic digest of the subunit and their physiological chemistry were investigated to obtain active components of the subunit.
After 2 g of the subunit were digested with 20 mg of trypsin for 20 hours at 37°C, the tryptic digest was chromatographed on a Sephadex G-25 column equilibrated with 0.1 M NH4HCO3. The eluate was fractionated into 9 parts from Fr. A to Fr. I in order of their molecular size. An increasing activity in the rabbit-circulating leucocyte number of the subunit was separated into 4 fractions of Fr. A. B, D and E. Rabbit serum Ca decreased and immunological activities were recovered into only Fr. H and Fr. A, respectively. Leucocyte increase and immunological activities of Fr. A were concentrated by successive chromatographies with Sephadex G-50 and QAE-Sephadex A-25 column. A purified component, Fr. AA-1, was found to have a molecular weight of 9100 by 15% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, N-terminal amino acid sequence of Leu-Tyr-Ile-Leu-Tyr-Phe-Phe-Glx-by combined dansyl-Edman procedure, C-terminal amino acid sequence of-Ile-Val-Leu-Leu-Lys (OH) by carboxypeptidase A + B method and glycopeptide consisting of 6.9% amino sugar and 7.4% uronic acid. A Ca decreasing active principle, Fr. H-1, purified from Fr. H by paper chromatography, was characterized to be pentapeptide of Asp-Tyr-Glu-Trp-Lys (OH). Both Fr. AA-1 and Fr. H-1 were not positioned on N-and C-terminals of the subunit molecule.
Whole-body autoradiographies of the subunit and active components labeled with 131I in mice revealed that the subunit and Fr. AA-1 specifically were localized in the bone in addition to the liver, kidney, thyroid, spleen, adrenal and submaxillary gland, but Fr. H-1 did not distribute to the bone.View full abstractDownload PDF (1057K) -
Yoichi SAKAMOTO, Yukiko IDE, Nobuaki MINAMI, Naoko TAJIMA, Haruo YAMAD ...1977 Volume 53 Issue 7 Pages 833-843
Published: July 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was performed in order to evaluate the effects of somatostatin on insulin releasing mechanisms and on glucose uptake in peripheral tissues using isolated pancreatic islets, isolated rat diaphragms and epididymal fat pads.
Insulin release by various concentrations of glucose were examined, and it was found that 100 ng/mk of somatostatin significantly inhibited insulin release at the glucose concentration of 200 mg/dl.
Somatostatin also significantly inhibited insulin release by the administration of 5lig/mk of glucagon with 200 mg/dl of glucose concentration and 20 mM of arginine with 200mg/dl of glucose concentration. But at the glucose concentration of 50mg/dl, no significant inhibition of somatostatin on insulin release was observed even when various concentrations of glucagon or arginine were added.
The influence of somatostatin on peripheral tissues was examined in vitro, and no significant change on glucose uptake compared with the control group was shown in either tissues.
The results indicated that somatostatin directly inhibited insulin release from rat pancreatic islets but had no effect on glucose uptake in peripheral tissues.
The inhibitory effect of somatostatin on insulin release may act through the common mechanism of both glucose and other substances in leading to insulin release.View full abstractDownload PDF (920K) -
Katsumi YOSHIDA, Toshiro SAKURADA, Nobuko KAISE, Makiko YAMAMOTO, Kazu ...1977 Volume 53 Issue 7 Pages 844-853
Published: July 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTriiodothyronine in urine was measured by direct radioimmunoassay.
For the standard curve, 100μl of antiserum (1 : 40,000) was incubated with 125I-T3, and varying amounts of unlabeled L-T3 were added. The cross-reaction of L-T3 with L-T4 in this assay system was less than 0.2 per cent. Dilution of high T3 urine was paralleled to the standard curve. Various amounts of. L-T3 (50 to 400 μg/ 100 ml) were added to urine and recovery was 101 8 per cent (mean±s.d.). Coefficients of variation were 3-8 per cent within each assay and 13 per cent between assays.
Among 45 euthyroid sick patients, urinary T3 levels were 0.3 to 1.96 μg per 24 hrs (mean ± s.d., 0.81 ± 0.39 per 24 hrs). Among 18 hyperthyroid patients, urinary T3 levels were 2.9 to 14.6 μg per 24 hrs (mean ± s.d., 7.48 ± 3.32 μg per 24 hrs). Among 14 hypothyroid patients, urinary T3 levels were 0 to 0.54 μg per 24 hrs (mean ± s.d., 0.14 ± 0.15 μg per 24 hrs). Among 11 pregnant women, urinary T3 levels were 0.58 to 1.76μg per 24 hrs (mean ± s.d., 1.06 ± 0.39μg per 24 hrs) and they were all within normal range. Among 6 uremic patients, urinary T3 levels were less than 0.1 μg per 24 hrs.
Positive correlations were found between urinary T3 and serum total T3 (r=0.89) and serum free T3 (r=0.97). A positive correlation was also found between urinary T3 and creatinine clearance (r=0.63). Mean urinary clearance of T3 (CT3=Urinary T3 excretion/Serum free T3) was 166 ml/min (174 mi/min in euthyroid sick, 166 ml/min in hyperthyroidism, and 106 in hypothyroidism) and it was higher as compared to their mean creatinine clearance of 110 ml/ min.
The measurement of T3 in urine is reliable and easy to perform, and may allow a new approach to the understanding of thyroid hormone metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (642K) -
Masami KOBAYASHI1977 Volume 53 Issue 7 Pages 854-871
Published: July 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been well known that glycine stimulates the gastric G-cells directly and/or indirectly to secrete gastrin into the blood in normal subjects and in those suffering from diseases such as stomach or duodenal ulcers, stomach cancer, pernicious anemia, liver disease, Zollinger-Ellison's syndrome etc. However, it is little known how thyroid hormones might influence the activity of gastric G-cells to secrete gastrin into the blood stream. In the present study, therefore, the response-pattern of serum gastrin to glycine administration in subjects with both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism was compared with that in normal subjects. We also measured the concentration of serum growth hormone (HGH) and then found that the glycine was absorbed in the gastro-intestinal canals and would reach the pituitary gland to stimulate HGH secretion.
The present paper deals also with the effect of glycine on the HGH secretion of the pituitary gland in normal subjects, and those suffering from hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The serum concentrations of gastrin during the fasting time were 57 ± 1 pg/ml in 50 normal subjects, 141 ± 8 pg/ml in 31 subjects with hyperthyroidism, and 49 ± 5 pg/ml in 12 subjects with hypothyroidism.
Among the normal subjects, the concentrations of serum gastrin were clearly increased biphasically at 5 and 150 minutes after the peroral administration of 250 ml of 0.3M glycine dissolved in physiological saline. Among those suffering from hyperthyroidism, although the early time increase of the serum gastrin at 5 minutes was observed as similar to that among normal subjects, the second peak of serum gastrin which was observed in the normal subjects at 150 minutes after the glycine was administered was not noticed among the subjects with hyperthyroidism. On the other hand, no increase of serum gastrin concentration among patients suffering from hypothyroidism was observed at any time after the glycine administration. As would be expected, a slight increase of serum gastrin among patients with partial gastrectomy (Billroth-I) was observed only at 5 minutes after the administration of glycine.
A significant increase of HGH in the serum of normal subjects, subjects suffering from hyperthyroidism and patients with partial gastrectomy was observed at 120 minutes after the administration of glycine but not among those with hypothyroidism. This effect of glycine on the pituitary to secrete HGH appeared much more clearly among patients with partial gastrectomy than in other groups, indicating that glycine could be absorbed in the upper part of the intestine more easily than in the stomach. Since no changes in the blood sugar and IRI (Immunoreactive Insulin) of any of the patients, including normal subjects, were noticed with the glycine administration, the glycine absorbed by the intestine would appear to reach the pituitary and/or the anterior hypothalamus stimulating the secretion of HGH from the pituitary gland.View full abstractDownload PDF (1466K) -
Nobuo HANASAKI, Taizo UEMURA, Keizo NOMA, Kanei NAKAO, Saburo YANO, Yu ...1977 Volume 53 Issue 7 Pages 872-879
Published: July 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of biogenic amines on the formation of adenosine-3′,5′monophosphate (cAMP) in the anterior pituitary of rats were investigated. Pituitary halves were pre-incubated in a Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) containing theophylline (10-2M) at 37°C for 30 minutes and incubated in a fresh buffer for 15 minutes after the addition of test substances. Noradrenaline at 4×10-4M and serotonin at 3.3×10-4M were effective in elevating cAMP, but dopamine at 2×10-4M was ineffective. The β adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol, effectively antagonized the cAMP response to noradrenaline, but the α adrenergic blocking agent, phentolamine, did not. The serotonin antagonist, methysergide, remarkably antagonized the cAMP response to serotonin, but the α and β adrenergic agents did not.View full abstractDownload PDF (690K) -
Ageing, Low Renin Hypertension, and the Relation between Renin Secretion and Aldosterone SecretionShunichi HATA1977 Volume 53 Issue 7 Pages 880-894
Published: July 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe responsiveness of the renin-aldosterone system to the stimuli of an intravenous injection of 60 mg of furosemide followed by a 2 hour walk was studied in 106 patients with essential hypertension.
In the patients, the mean plasma renin activity (PRA) was 1.47 ± 0.15 (S.E.M) ng/ml/hr, and the mean plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was 8.0 ± 1.6 (S.E.M) ng/dl in a recumbent position. In response to the combined stimuli of furosemide and walking, the PRA and PAC rose to 3.17 ± 0.29 (S.E.M) ng/ml/hr and 17.8 ± 1.2 (S.E.M) ng/dl, respectively. The mean PRA and PAC fell with increasing age, remarkably. so among those patients over 40 years in a recumbent position and also after the stimuli of furosemide and walking.
PRA was subnormal in 36.8 percent, normal in 53.8 percent and elevated in 9.4 percent of the subjects. In low renin hypertension, there was a tendency for the blood pressure to be higher and the age older than in other groups.
The mean values of PAC in low renin hypertension, normal renin hypertension and high renin hypertension in a recumbent position were 5.8 ± 0.6 (S.E.M) ng/dl, 8.4 ± 0.9 (S.E.M) ng/dl and 18.2 3.0 (S.E.M) ng/dl, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant between each. Therefore, it was suggested that the regulation of aldosterone secretion in essential hypertension might be governed mainly by the renin-angiotensin system, but a direct correlation was not found between PRA and PAC.
It was impossible to differentiate primary aldosteronism from low renin hypertension by means of PRA after the stimuli of furosemide and walking, but it could be differentiated after 3 days of sodium restriction, 3 days of administration of hydrochlorothiazide (7 5 mg/ day) and 3 hours of walking.View full abstractDownload PDF (1266K) -
Katsushi ASAOKA1977 Volume 53 Issue 7 Pages 895-909
Published: July 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe frequency of post-partum hypopituitarism (Sheehan's syndrome) is difficult to assess. It is the purpose of this paper to ascertain the incidence of post-partum hypopituitarism in Okayama Red Cross Hospital. Out of 19,302 women who delivered at the hospital during 10 years from 1961 to 1970, we selected 1,010 women who had a blood loss of 500 ml. or more at delivery. Firstly, after having sent the selected women a questionnaire by post, we investigated whether they had Sheehan's syndrome or not from the response of the 392 women who replied to the questionnaire. Secondly, 126 of the 392 women who came to our clinic when requested were examined concerning blood picture, fasting blood glucose, and the serum levels of cholesterol, thyroxine, cortisol, GH, TSH, LH and FSH. As a control, 24 women who had had a normal delivery were examined as described above. No advanced hypopituitarism or mild hypopituitarism was found in this follow-up study. Compared with Sheehan's series in England, it was found the incidence of post-partum hypopituitarism in Okayama was presumably less than in England.
Suggestions for this discrepancy are as follows :
(1) competent obstetric care and a rapid blood transfusion after gross post-partum hemorrhage in Okayama Red Cross Hospital.
(2) an incomplete report of the incidence of post-partum hypopituitarism due to those who did not reply to the questionnaire.
(3) the rarity of the frequency of Sheehan's syndrome in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (1178K) -
Ikuo YAMAMOTO, Kyung Su KIM, Isamu MIYAMORI, [in Japanese], Shinpei MO ...1977 Volume 53 Issue 7 Pages 910-920
Published: July 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the effects of an analogue of angiotensin II (ATII), [Sar1, Ile8] ATII, on blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma aldosterone (PA), the analogue was intravenously infused at a constant rate of 600 ng/kg/min for 30 minutes into 6 normal subjects and 37 untreated patients suffering from various forms of hypertension. Pressor responses with a peak at 5 to 10 minutes occurred in normal subjects and 18 essential hypertensive patients with low or normal PRA. Thirty minutes after infusion, a significant decrease in PRA with an increase in PA was observed with or without a significant increase in blood pressure in essential hypertensive patients with low or normal PRA as was also ob-served in normal subjects. On the other hand, in 8 essential hypertensive patients with high PRA, a patient with renal artery stenosis and high PRA and 3 patients with renovascular hypertension on a low sodium diet, the analogue induced a gradual decrease in blood pressure with an increase in PRA and a decrease in PA. In 2 hypertensive patients with high PRA, the analogue caused severe hypotension with bradycardia. In 4 patients with primary aldosteronism, a significant increase in blood pressure was observed without significant changes in either PRA or PA during the [Sar1, Ile8] ATII infusion.
These results suggest that [Sar1, Ile8] ATII acts as a weak agonist under the normal or low secretion of renin, but as an antagonist under an excess of renin release in man, except for primary aldosteronism in which a discrepant agonistic action between vasculature and kidney or adrenal cortex was observed. From the activity of agonistic or antagonistic action of the ATII analogue, the usefulness of [Sar1, Ile8] ATII in making an etiological diagnosis of hypertension was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1032K)
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