Folia Endocrinologica Japonica
Online ISSN : 2186-506X
Print ISSN : 0029-0661
ISSN-L : 0029-0661
Volume 56, Issue 7
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
  • Seiichi KUBO, Kenji WATANABE, Yasuhiko IBATA, Yutaka SANO, Sadahito SH ...
    1980 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 885-894
    Published: July 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    LH-RH synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamus of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) were revealed by immunohistochemistry.
    Their cell somata, neuronal processes and terminals showed a dark brown colored reaction by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Their cell somata which synthesize LH-RH were classified into four groups. The neurons of the first group were located mainly in the preoptic area and the anterior wall of the third ventricle and also extended to the nucleus of the diagonal bundle of Broca and the medial septal nucleus. Those of the second group were distributed in the dorsomedial and the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei and in the area round the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Those of the third group were found in the area from the arcuate nucleus to the infundibular stalk. Those of the fourth group located in the area round the mammillary body. The nerve projection from all of the neurons in these four groups was observed in the median eminence (ME). Furthermore, the pathways to the ME were also classified into four groups by way of the projection. The first group of fibers originated from the whole cell groups of the first group, and the neurons round the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the second group ran through the medial part of the floor of the third ventricle and terminated in the ME. The second group of fibers from the neurons in the first group diverged laterally in the dorsal part of the optic chiasma and projected to the ME. The third group of fibers from the neurons in the dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei of the third group a along the third ventricle and terminated in the ME. The fourth group of fibers from the neurons in the mammillary body ran rostrally in the bottom of the brain and projected in the ME.
    Besides the LH-RH neuronal processes projecting to the ME, the neuronal pathways to the extrahypothalamic areas were also confirmed in this investigation. One of those fibers ran toward the septal nucleus through the dorsal part of the anterior commissure. The other ran caudally through the dorsal part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus toward the thalamus. Fibers toward the rostral part of the diagonal bundle of Broca were also detected. However, it was very hard to trace those extrahypothalamic LH-RH fibers to the terminal portions. The relatively small numbers of the terminals of LH-RH neurons were also found in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT).
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  • Masashi HIEDA
    1980 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 895-907
    Published: July 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The correlation between the function and the aspiration cytology in chronic thyroiditis was studied.
    In 184 cases of chronic thyroiditis (hyperthyroid state : 19 cases, euthyroid state : 113 cases, hypothyroid state : 52 cases) and 36 cases of hyperthyroidism, aspiration biopsy was performed by a fine needle of 22 gauge. The smears were stained with May-Grünwald Giemsa and Papanicolaou's stain. In all specimens, the cytological investigations were done as for follicular epithelial cells, oxyphilic changes of follicular epithelial cells and nonepithelial cells per se. The relationships between the thyroid function and cytological pictures in chronic thyroiditis were studied.
    The following conclusions were obtained by this study :
    1. Compared to hyperthyroidism, chronic thyroiditis has the following characteristic cytological picture :
    i) Hyperplasia of small follicular cells with many lymphoid cells ii) Oxyphilic changes in follicular cells, lymphoid cells, plasma cells and reticulum cells
    2. As for the correlation between the cytological findings and the thyroid function or thyroid antibodies, the following conclusions were obtained :
    i) There is a negative correlation between the grade of the number of lymphocytes and T7 levels in chronic thyroiditis. (p<0.01)
    ii) There is a positive correlation between the grade of the number of oxyphilic cells or lymphocytes and the titer of the microsome test (MCHA). (p<0.005)
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  • Nobuko KAISE
    1980 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 908-916
    Published: July 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A three-day thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) test of administering 10 U.S.P. bovine TSH intramuscularly was performed on 6 normal subjects, 14 patients with Hashimoto's disease and 6 patients with primary hypothyroidism. The response of 24hr thyroidal 131I-uptake (131I-uptake) and of serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) was studied in these subjects.
    Of the 14 patients with Hashimoto's disease, T4, T3 and TSH were normal in 5 patients (group 1); both T4 and T3 were normal and TSH was high in 5 patients (group 2); and either both T4 and T3 or one of them was low and TSH was high in 4 patients (group 3). 131 I-uptake was normal in groups 1 and 2, and low in group 3.
    The mean increase in 131I-uptake was 33.7±11.4% (S.D.) in normal subjects, 22.8±5.6% in group 1, 4.4±5.0 in group 2, and no change in group 3 and primary hypothyroidism.
    The increase in T4 was 9.1-47.2pg/100ml in normal subjects, 3.7-6.1pg/100ml in group 1, 0-3.2μg/100ml in group 2, and no change in group 3 and primary hypothyroidism. The increase in T3 was 106-334ng/100ml in normal subjects, 38-140ng/100ml in group 1, 9-50ng/100ml in group 2, and no change in group 3 and primary hypothyroidism.
    Group 2 proved to be in the so-called condition of “low thyroid reserve” because 131I-uptake, T4 and T3 though normal before the test, failed to respond to TSH-stimulation, and endogenous TSH was increased in this group.
    In group 1,131 I-uptake responded to TSH-stimulation normally, but T4 and T3 did not. Group 1 seemed to be in the early stage of “low thyroid reserve”.
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  • Katsumi YOSHIDA, Nobuko KAISE, Toshiro SAKURADA, Makiko YAMAMOTO, Kazu ...
    1980 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 917-925
    Published: July 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Ten U.S.P. of TSH (Thytropar) was administered intramuscularly for three days to five euthyroid controls, to thirteen patients with chronic thyroiditis (four clinically euthyroid patients with normal serum TSH-Group I, five clinically euthyroid patients with high serum TSH-Group II, four clinically hypothyroid patients with high serum TSH-Group III), and to five patients with thyroidal hypothyroidism.
    Thyroidal 24hr uptake of 131I, 24hr urinary T3 and serum T3 levels were measured.
    In the euthyroid controls, the basal urinary T3 value was 0.76±0.26 (mean±S.D.) pg/day and increased to 1.31±0.16 on the first day, to 2.33±0.75μg/day on the second day, and to a maximum of 2.78±0.65μg/day on the third day after the TSH administration.
    In Group I, basal urinary T3 was normal at 0.58±0.16μg/day. Following the TSH administration, the value increased to a maximum of 1.60±0.62/μg/day, but the increase rate was less than that in the euthyroid controls. In Group II, basal urinary T3 was normal at 0.71±0.37μg/day. Following the TSH administration, however, this value did not increase. In Group III, basal urinary T3 was significantly low at 0.32±0.07μg/day, and this value did not increase after the TSH administration.
    In the thyroidal hypothyroid patients, basal urinary T3 was 0.12±0.10μg/day and lower than that of Group III, and it did not increase after the TSH administration.
    Positive correlations were found between urinary T3 and serum T3 before and after the TSH administration.
    In contrast to basal serum T3 and urinary T3, the mean basal thyroidal uptake of 131I in patients with chronic thyroiditis was higher than that of the euthyroid controls. However a positive correlation was found between the increase rate of urinary T3 and that of the thyroidal uptake of 131 I after TSH administration.
    These observations indicate that the changes in concentration of urinary T3 are reliable indices of thyroidal response to TSH administration in various states of thyroid function.
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  • Shinobu SAKAMOTO, Noriko YAMADA, Ryohei OKAMOTO
    1980 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 926-932
    Published: July 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Uterine estrogen receptor (ER) and thymidine kinase (TK) activity were investigated in response to an injection of estradiol (E2) (1.43μg/ 100g body weight) in SD-strain immature female rats aged 21 days and spayed-adult rats aged 104 days (14 days after castration).
    In immature rats, uterine cytosol ER decreased abruptly after the injection of E2 and increased gradually from 4 hours later. On the other hand, nuclear ER increased rapidly and shaped a peak 1 hour after the injection of E2 and decreased gradually afterward. Uterine TK activity began to increase rapidly from 18 hours and shaped a peak 24 hours after the injection of E2 and was reduced to the same level as the controls 48 hours later.
    No differences in behavior of uterine cytosol and nuclear ER after the injection of E2 between immature and spayed-adult rats were noticed.
    Although uterine TK activity in immature rats was stimulated 30 times 24 hours after the injection of E2, that of spayed-adult rats increased only twice. Uterine TK was separated into 3 fractions (A, B and C) by means of a DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. In immature rats, 95% of the great TK activity induced by E2 was involved in fraction A, which was not inhibited by dCTP. In contrast, uterine TK isozymes in spayed-adult rats were at fraction B and C, whose activities were inhibited by dCTP, without relation to the administration of E2. The molecular weight of fraction A was estimated to be approximately 125,000 and that of B was 100,000 by the method of gel filtration on a Sepharose CL-6B column.
    No differences in uterine ER levels between immature and spayed-adult rats were found, but E2 -induced different TK isozymes seem to depend on the stage of uterine growth.
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  • Shinnosuke KAWAGOE, Masahiko HIROI
    1980 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 933-944
    Published: July 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A simple and reliable method for determining the binding capacity of the sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG-BC) in human serum is described. The principle of this method is to saturate the SHBG binding sites with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and measure the amount of SHBG-bound steroid. Endogenous steroids are initially removed from the serum samples by adsorption on dextran-coated charcoal. The samples are subsequently equilibrated with a mixture of a known amount of tritium-labeled and unlabeled DHT. The unbound steroid is removed by dextran-coated charcoal incubated at 4°C, and the mass of bound DHT is determined from the known specific activity of the added steroid. The intraassay and inter-assay coefficient of variation of this assay method is less than 6.2% and 7.5%, respectively. Forty serum samples can be assayed in duplicate in a working day.
    The mean values of SHBG-BC, expressed as pg DHT bound per 100ml serum, were 1.56±0.33 (SD) in 6 adult men aged 20-40 and 2.05±0.75 in 37 adult women aged 20-36. Higher levels (1.75±0.40) were found in 10 older men aged 65-80. In contrast, SHBG-BC (1.80±0.30) in postmenopausal women (ages 52-62) was lower than that in the reproductive age group of women. No significant variations in SHBG-BC were observed during the normal menstrual cycle. The levels of SHBG-BC rose progressively in pregnancy to 9-10 times those in the normal non-pregnant women. In 4 women with polycystic ovarian disease and 2 hirsute women, SHBG-BC levels were lower (means : 1.63 and 0.75, respectively), while patients with 1st and 2nd grade amenorrhea showed levels similar to those in the reproductive women.
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  • Kazunori MAEDA, Yukio NISHIYAMA, Kazuhira MURATA, Yoshimasa NOSE, Hiro ...
    1980 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 945-961
    Published: July 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to measure (β1-SP1-glycoprotein (SP1), on RIA system by the 2-antibody method was established as a measuring method of the low concentration range. SP1 concentrations were measured by this method in the sera of women in early pregnancy, in the amniotic fluids of late pregnancy, in the sera of umbilical cord blood of full term new-born babies, and in the sera of malignant tumour patients. Furthermore, SP1 concentrations in the sera of women in early pregnancy as well as E2, E3, progesterone and HCG concentrations in the same samples were measured, and correlations between them were examined.
    1) The minimum sensitivity of this measuring system was 3ng/ml. The optimum concentration of samples was between 10-660ng/ml.
    2) The correlation between the data obtained by this RIA method and the SRID method was as close as r = 0.9287.
    3) SP1 concentrations in the sera of women in early pregnancy were 0.17±0.12μg/ml in the fifth week of pregnancy, showing an almost straight increase during the course of pregnancy, and were 31.62 ± 3.20μg/ml in the 13th week of pregnancy.
    4) SP1 concentrations in amniotic fluids were 1.09-2.20μg/ml and were equal to about 1% of SP1 concentrations in the sera of women in late pregnancy. SP1 concentrations in the sera of umbilical cord blood were 0.13-0.35μg/ml, which were equal to about 0.1% of SP1 concentrations in the sera of women in late pregnancy.
    5) SP1 was detected in all four samples of the choriocarcinoma patients' sera, and the concentrations were 25-2,600ng/ml. SP1 was detected in 6 of the 15 samples of the cervical carcinoma patients' sera, and the detection rate was 40%. SP1 was detected in 3 of the 6 samples of the leukemia patients' sera and 1 of the 4 samples of the prostatic cancer patients' sera. SP1 detection rates and concentrations appeared to increase in the sera of cervical carcinoma and leukemia patients in accordance with the progress of the diseases.
    6) SP1 concentrations in the sera of women in early pregnancy were not correlative to measured E2 and E3 concentrations in the same samples, but there was a significant correlation with progesterone and HCG concentrations. The RIA method for measuring SP1, which we have established, is available for measuring SP1 in the low concentration range. The method is expected to be applied clinically, such as in examinations in early pregnancy, and will be available in fundamental studies such as attempts to measure the SP1 movement in malignant tumour patients, in cooperation with studies of the meaning of SP1 production at pregnancy.
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  • Hisao TAMAKI
    1980 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 962-972
    Published: July 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Changes in glucose tolerance and the function of the anti-insulin system after a major resection of the canine pancreas were divided into three types.
    Immediately after the removal of 90 per cent or more of the pancreas, diabetes developed, and the function of the anti-insulin system was depressed, showing a poor response of glucagon secretion to hypoglycemia after insulin load and degeneration or destruction of the islet cells and both A and B cells, and the dosage of insulin required to control blood sugar was close to that of a total pancreatectomy.
    6 to 24 weeks after the removal of 70 to 90 per cent of the pancreas, so-called Sandmeyer's diabetes occurred, in which glucose tolerance and the function of the anti-insulin system were within the normal range during the early postoperative periods, but the function of the anti-insulin system was highly activated later, showing a high response of pancreatic glucagon secretion to hypoglycemia after insulin load, accompanied by degeneration of B cells, but not A cells. These results could well explain the fact that the insulin dosage needed to control blood sugar in Sandmeyer's diabetes was 3 to 4 times more than it was in total pancreatectomy.
    After the removal of 70 per cent or less of the pancreas, diabetes did not occur, and glucose tolerance and the function of the anti-insulin system were maintained well, without any significant change in the islets of the remnant pancreas.
    Insulin therapy relieved the disturbed function of the anti-insulin system in diabetes following pancreatectomy.
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  • Hitoshi SUZUKI, Kikuo KASAI, Takeshi NAITOH, Tsutomu NAKAMURA, Hiroaki ...
    1980 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 973-982
    Published: July 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To evaluate the dopaminergic control of aldosterone secretion, the following experiments were performed on 10 normal subjects (3 men and.7 women, aged 21-69 yrs.), 16 diabetics (8 men and 8 women, aged 20-74 yrs.) and 7 patients with untreated hyperthyroidism (2 men and 5 women aged 16-58 yrs.). Blood samples were withdrawn from an intravenous cannula indwelled in an antecubital vein at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after intravenous injection of 10mg metoclopramide with a volus. Plasma aldosterone levels and plasma renin activities (PRA) were measured by radioimmunoassay.
    In normal subjects, plasma aldosterone levels were significantly increased from basal levels of 111.8±13.0pg/ml (Mean±S.E.) to 183.4±23.3pg/ml 15 min after an intravenous injection of metoclopramide and were sustained for about 90 min. This increase induced by metoclopramide was, however, abolished by pretreatment with 2.5mg of bromocriptine. It is suggested that metoclopramide and bromocriptine are in a competitive relationship at the level of dopaminergic receptor.
    In diabetics, the mean plasma level of aldosterone was as low as 66.3±8.7pg/ml, which was significantly lower than that in normal subjects (p<0.01), and aldosterone response to metoclopramide was significantly diminished. Although this tendency was more apparent in diabetics with such complications as neuropathy or retinopathy, aldosterone response to metoclopramide implied that aldosterone secretion was under dopaminergic inhibition in this hypoaldosteronemic state.
    While aldosterone responded well to metoclopramide, PRA was not significantly altered in this treatment in normal subjects and diabetics.
    In patients with untreated hyperthyroidism, aldosterone response was similar to that in normal subjects.
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  • II. A Study with 4- (2-Iodoethyl) Pyrocatechol
    Yoshiaki OHMORI, Ryuichi NAKANO, Shozo LIE, Hiroo IMURA, Shinichiro SH ...
    1980 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 983-992
    Published: July 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We have already reported on a radioreceptor assay for catecholamines utilizing the microsome fraction of bovine myocardium as a catecholamine (CA) receptor and 3H-norepinephrine as a labelled CA. In order to increase the sensitivity of the radioreceptor assay, we used 4- (2-iodoethyl) pyrocatechol (125I-CA) as a ligand instead of 3H-norepinephrine and performed a radioreceptor assay for CA. The following results were obtained :
    1) 125I-CA was able to bind alpha-receptors prepared from bovine myocardium.
    2) The optimal amount of the microsomal fraction was 250μg/tube, when 125I-CA of 50,000 c.p.m. was used. The appropriate conditions for incubation were 90 minutes at 20°C in a pH 7.0 sucrose solution.
    3) By this method utilizing 125I-CA, norepinephrine was detectable in a range from 500pg to 10ng/tube.
    4) Various compounds with a catechol nucleus showed cross-reaction in this radioreceptor assay system.
    5) Whereas beta-adrenergic blocking agents did not inhibit the binding of 125I-CA, phentholamine, a short acting type of alpha-adrenergic blocking agents, was effective in inhibiting the binding. However, dibenamine and phenoxybenzamine, long acting types of alpha adrenergic blocking agents, increased the binding of 125I-CA to the microsomal fraction.
    6) Utilizing this phenomenon, norepinephrine was detectable in the range from 100pg to 5ng/tube.
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  • Tetsuro ABE, Yoshihiro YAMAYA, Masakuni SUZUKI, Yukio MIURA, Hiroshi T ...
    1980 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 993-999
    Published: July 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Although climacteric symptoms, particularly, vasomotor symptoms such as hot flushes, have been suggested to correlate with depletion of ovarian estrogen secretion, its precise mechanism to producing these symptoms has still remained unknown. On the other hand, catecholamines have been presumed to be related to an onset of the climacteric symptoms. This study was carried out to elucidate the correlation between the climacteric symptoms and plasma levels of catecholamines.
    Thirty eight women complaining of climacteric symptoms were studied. These subjects were evaluated for their symptoms and the severity of the symptoms was expressed in numerical figure, 0 to 3, according to its degrees : none, slight, moderate, and marked, respectively. At the same time venous blood samples were drawn to determine the plasma levels of catecholamines, using an Renzini's fluorimetric assay method improved by Miura. Eventually, a correlation between severities of the symptoms and plasma catecholamines was made.
    Plasma epinephrine levels were found to be elevated as the severity of the hot flush progressed from none to marked. No symptoms other than hot flush showed such significant correlation with plasma epinephrine or norepinephrine levels.
    This result suggests that the onset of hot flush is closely related with an increased activity of the adrenomedullary sympathetic nervous system.
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    1980 Volume 56 Issue 7 Pages 1000-1004
    Published: July 20, 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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