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60 巻, 1 号
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清水 泰行1984 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 1-15
発行日: 1984/01/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーThe role of endogenous dopamine (DA) on the secretion of several mineralocorticoids was studied in six normal subjects, eight patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), two patients with non-familial idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (NF-IHA), and four patients with familial IHA (F-IHA).
To these subjects 10 mg metoclopramide (MCP) was administered intravenously, and plasma aldosterone (Ald), 18-OH-corticosterone (18-OH-B), 18-OH-11-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC), and DOC were measured by RIA. Further, five normal subjects were studied with MCP test after pretreatment with DA infusion (5, μg/kg/min over 90 min).
After the administration of MCP, normal subjects showed significant increases in their plasma Ald and 18-OH-B, and slight increases in plasma 18-OH-DOC and DOC. However, no significant changes were observed in plasma ACTH, cortisol, PRA, serum K, Na and Cl. In patients with PA and NF-IHA, plasma Ald and the three precursors were increased after the administration of MCP. Especially, marked increases in plasma 18-OH-DOC were seen in PA patients. In contrast, F-IHA patients showed increases in the above mineralocorticoids except 18-OH-B. Following DA infusion in normal subjects neither basal plasma Ald secretion nor the responsivenesses to MCP were modified.
These results suggest that endogenous DA plays an inhibitory role in the terminal stages of mineralocorticoids production in man. However, the degree of the dopaminergic inhibition might be different between normal subjects and the patients with mineralocorticoids excess, and among the three groups of aldosteronism mentioned above.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1312K) -
喉頭, 気管, 気管支腺における存在伊藤 正毅, 鈴木 利光, 柴田 昭, 伊勢村 知子, 斎藤 英一, 真田 一男1984 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 16-22
発行日: 1984/01/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーIn order to elucidate whether Salivary Protein C and salivary peptide P-C, originally isolated from human saliva were present in tissues other than those of the salivary glands or not, an indirect immunofluorescence technique using both antisera against salivary peptide P-C and Salivary Protein C was carried out on human salivary glands and the human respiratory tract. As salivary peptide P-C-like immunoreactivity was detected in the serous cells of salivary glands by previous immunohistochemical study, the human respiratory tract was chosen as model tissue, since tracheal and bronchial glands in the human respiratory tract consist of mucous and serous cells. Furthermore, to check whether salivary peptide P-C is a fragment of Salivary Protein C or not, the same immunohistochemical study was undertaken on the serial sections of salivary glands and the respiratory tract. Salivary peptide P-C and Salivary Protein C-like immunoreactivities were present in the serous cells of human salivary glands and in tracheal and bronchial cells. Furthermore, the same serous cells were immunostained with antisera against salivary peptide P-C, with antisera against Salivary Protein C and with antisera against Salivary Protein C preabsorbed with salivary peptide P-C. In view of the fact that the full sequence of salivary peptide P-C is identical to the COOH terminal 44 amino acid residues of Salivary Protein C, it was suggested that the full sequence of Salivary Protein C was present in the serous cells of human salivary glands and in those of tracheal and bronchial glands and that salivary peptide P-C was a fragment of Salivary Protein C. Thus, the constant presence of salivary peptide P-C and of Salivary Protein C in the serous cells of the different tissues led us to consider that Salivary Protein C may play some role in the function of the serous cells of the various tissues and that a part of the function of the salivary glands is similar to that of the tracheal and bronchial glands.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1316K) -
宮内 昭, 片岡 和三郎, 鈴木 芳郎, 紀氏 汎恵, 高井 新一郎, 岡川 和弘, 前田 昌純, 神前 五郎1984 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 23-29
発行日: 1984/01/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーBecause of the development in parenteral nutrition, the replacement of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid or athyreotic patients under intravenous hyperalimentation has become a new problem to be considered. We tried parenteral replacement of the hormones, intravenously or by enema, in three such patients. Two patients, 54 y-o and 64 y-o females, who underwent laryngo-esophago-thyroidectomy for cervical esophageal cancer or thyroid cancer, had replacement with intravenous l-thyroxine with an initial dose of 100 μg/day for 9 and 22 days, respectively. Another patient, a 56 y-o female with dysphagia due to local recurrence of cervical esophageal cancer after laryngo-esophago-thyroidectomy, was given 100 mg of desiccated thyroid by enema for 8 days followed by intravenous l-thyroxine for 104 days.
Serum levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine and TSH before l-thyroxine treatment indicated severe hypothyroidism in all cases. During the first 7 days of the intravenous therapy, serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels increased by 0.87 ± 0.14 μg/di/day and 6.7 ± 4.7 μg/dl/day, respectively, while serum TSH levels decreased by 7.8 ± 6.4 μU/ml/day. Plasma T4 levels reached the normal level within 7 days, and plasma T3 levels within 11 days, while it took 14 days for plasma TSH levels to decrease to the normal level. The maintenance dose checked by the normal TSH levels in a patient undergoing a long term therapy was 75 μg/day or 1.83 μg/kg of body weight/day. After the enema of desiccated thyroid for 8 days, plasma T4 levels increased from 1.6 μg/dl of the initial level to 3.4 μg/dl, and plasma T3 levels increased from 35 μg/dl to 102 μg/dl, while plasma TSH levels decreased from more than 160 μU/ml to 87 μU/ml, suggesting that thyroid hormones administered by enema were absorbed.
Replacement therapy with intravenous l-thyroxine was satisfactory. Desiccated thyroid by enema may be worthwhile trying if l-thyroxine preparation for injection is not available.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (606K) -
Insulin分解活性の酵素学的および免疫学的特性について志伊 光瑞, 横野 浩一, 播 穣治, 馬場 茂明, 今村 諒道1984 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 30-43
発行日: 1984/01/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーInsulin degradation by isolated rat hepatocytes was investigated. Using the preincubation method, the extracellular insulin-degrading activity was removed from the medium over 120 min at 15°C and 60 min at 37°C. The degradation of insulin was assayed by the ability of binding to specific receptors on isolated rat hepatocytes (rebound method) and the precipitability with trichloroacetic acid (TCA method). The degrading activities measured by the rebound method showed twice those by the TCA method, however, a positive correlation with high coefficient (r = 0.87, P<0.001) was demonstrated between both methods. The insulin-degrading activity by hepatocytes depended on time, temperature and cell concentrations, and the optimum pH was 7.0.
As a result of kinetic analysis of insulin binding and degradation, the degradation velocity of 125 I-insulin was inhibited by 50% at native insulin concentration of 7 × 10-8M, whereas the half-maximum inhibition of 125 I-insulin binding was demonstrated at that of 4 × 10-9M. The Km for insulin degradation was 170 nM.
In order to characterize the enzymatic properties of insulin-degrading activity by isolated hepatocytes, the effects of various compounds and anti-insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) rabbit serum on insulin degradation were examined. N-ethylmaleimide and anti-IDE serum significantly inhibited the insulin-degrading activity, while dithiothreitol stimulated it, whereas chloroquine and NH4 CI had little effect on insulin-degrading activity. Finally, the immunoenzymatic labelling of hepatocytes by anti-IDE serum showed the presence of cell surface IDE on isolated hepatocytes.
These results suggest that most of insulin-degrading activity by isolated rat hepatocytes is identical to pig muscle IDE. Therefore, it would seem that IDE plays an important role in insulin metabolism by isolated rat hepatocytes rather than lysosomes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1293K) -
組織化学的研究下瀬川 徹, 内田 隆, 小林 繁, 伊藤 正毅, 柴田 昭1984 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 44-53
発行日: 1984/01/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーMet-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity-containing nerve elements in the canine pancreas was investigated by immunocytochemistry. Anti-Met-enkephalin (Met-Enk) serum used as the primary anti-serum was raised against synthetic Met-Enk conjugated with bovine serum albumin by a glutaraldehyde method.
For light microscopic immunocytochemistry, Bouin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections not exceeding 20 μm in thickness were stained by the PAP method. For electron microscopy, the fixtive used was 4% paraformaldehyde plus 1% glutaraldehyde in a 0.067 M phosphate buffer. Ultra-thin sections of Araldite-embedded materials were stained by a protein A-colloidal gold method.
The main localization of Met-Enk-like immunoreactivity-containing nerve fibers and ganglion cell somas was as follows : a) on the surface of ganglion cell somas, b) among nerve fiber bundles in the connective tissue septum, c) around blood vessels in the exocrine parenchyma, and d) in the islet of Langerhans.
Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry showed that colloidal gold particles representing a Met-Enk-like substance were concentrated on secretory type granules of the ganglion cell somas and nerve terminals around the blood capillaries.
Met-Enk-like immunoreactivity was eliminated by preincubation of the primary anti-serum with Met-Enk (nerve fibers : 0.1 × 2-3g/l, ganglion cells : 0.1 × 2-2g/l of the diluted antiserum, 1 : 2000) before application to tissue sections.
The functional significance of Met-Enk-like immunoreactivity-containing nerve elements in both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas was discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3218K) -
組織化学的研究下瀬川 徹, 小林 繁, 矢内原 千鶴子, 矢内原 昇1984 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 54-62
発行日: 1984/01/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーイヌの下垂体および松果体のモチリン様免疫活性の局在と特性を組織化学的に検討した。下垂体のモチリン様免疫活性について4種類の部位特異的抗血清 (region specific antisera) を用いてその反応性を比較した。さらに合成ブタモチリンとその複数のフラグメントの倍々希釈系による吸収試験という新しい手法によって下垂体のモチリン様免疫活性物質の性状を十二指腸のモチリンと比較した。
得られた結果は以下のとおりである。
1) イヌの下垂体前葉および中葉にモチリン様免疫活性細胞が検出された。松果体細胞には免疫活件は出現しなかった。
2) 下垂体のモチリン様免疫活性は抗血清に依存的である。C端特異血清であるR1105で免疫活性が最も強く, 同じくC端側に特異的なR1104でも明瞭であった。一方, N端側に特異性を有するR1106では500倍の希釈倍率で微弱な呈色反応がみられただけであった。N端特異抗血清GP2803では免疫活性は出現しなかった。
3) 下垂体のモチリン様免疫活性は合成ブタモチリン (Mo1-22) およびそのC端フラグメント (Mo7-22) で吸収された。
4) C端特異抗血清であるR1105についてMo1-22の倍々希釈系による吸収試験を行なうと, 下垂体のモチリン様免疫活性細胞と十二指腸のMo細胞とでは吸収に要する最少抗原濃度に差があった。C端フラグメントMo7-22を抗原とした倍々希釈による吸収試験でこの差は著しく拡大した。
以上の結果から, 下垂体のモチリン様免疫活性はモチリンのC端側に類似した十二指腸モチリンとは異なるペプチドとの交差反応によって生じている事が推測された。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1779K) -
細田 一美, 玉田 尋通, 市川 茂孝1984 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 63-69
発行日: 1984/01/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーPregnant rats ovariectomized on day 14 of pregnancy (Sperm present = day 1) were daily treated with 4 mg progesterone (P) plus androgens, and the effects of the androgens on fetal survival and intrauterine pressure were examined on day 20 of pregnancy. In the rats treated with P only, the percentage of live normal fetuses was only 40.4% of the total fetuses, 39.4% were injured fetuses having hematomata on their extremities, and 20.2% were absorbing. Intrauterine pressure was about three times higher than that in the sham-operated controls. Treatment with androgen as well significantly increased the percentage of live normal fetuses and decreased intrauterine pressure, as estrogen did. A significant negative correlation was observed between the percentage of live normal fetuses and intra-uterine pressure. Androstendiol (A-diol) was most effective and its daily dose of 2 pM maintained normal pregnancy. A-diol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were more effective than androstendione (A-dione) and testosterone (T), suggesting that the effect of the former two androgens is not by conversion to estrogen, but by their direct action on the uterine wall. 5α-dihydrotestosterone, a non-aromatizable androgen, also exhibited moderate estrogenic action.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (780K) -
その組織所見を中心に林 吉夫, 玉井 一, 清原 佳代子, 苅部 千恵, 広田 善彦, 吹野 治, 松塚 文夫, 片山 正一, 隈 寛二, 長滝 重信1984 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 70-78
発行日: 1984/01/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーIt is generally believed that in the long-term observation of chronic thyroiditis, the goiter decreases in size with thyroid hormone therapy and the thyroid function drops gradually. On the other hand, the histological changes in so-called Hashimoto's thyroiditis have been recognized to show progressive loss of epithelium and increased fibrosis.
In this study, goiter size, thyroid function, thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies and histology in needle biopsy were investigated in 75 patients with chronic thyroiditis during an interval of more than ten years.
Among 75 cases, 8 (11%) were hypothyroid at the first medical examination : Among 21 cases who received no treatment, 7 (33%) became hypothyroid during the period of more than ten years. Among 54 cases with thyroid hormone therapy, 16 (30%) showed a remark-able reduction in size of goiter, but among 21 cases without thyroid hormone therapy only 3 (14%) showed a remarkable reduction.
This paper discusses changes in titers of thyroidal antibodies in 47 cases. Among these 47 cases, 21 increased titer of thyroglobulin antibody during the period of more than ten years. 10 (48%) out of these 21 cases showed a remarkable reduction in size of goiter. But among 11 cases with a decrease of titer of thyroglobulin antibody, only one (9%) showed a remarkable reduction in size of goiter. On the other hand, titer of thyroid microsomal antibody increased in 33 cases. 9 (27%) out of these 33 cases showed a remarkable reduction in size of goiter. Only one (13%) of 8 cases, which decreased titer of thyroid microsomal antibody, showed a remarkable reduction in size of goiter.
Of the cases with less change in size of goiter during the period of more than ten years, we made comparative investigations of the histological changes between the cases with thyroid hormone therapy and the cases without therapy. The results revealed that there were no significant changes in histological pictures between the cases with treatment and those without it, and that histological pictures showed no marked change during the period of more than 10 years in both cases.
In the cases whose goiter was diffusely enlarged at the initial diagnosis and showed a marked decrease in size by thyroid hormone therapy during the period of more than 10 years, the histological picture showed “typical Hashimoto's disease” with diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes and diffuse epithelial change.
These data indicate that Hashimoto's disease does not always progress to fibrosis whether thyroid hormone is administered or not.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2614K) -
3年間に亘る低ヨード食下の観察山口 康平, 福島 英生, 鵜沢 春生, 井関 隆, 白水 明代, 井上 謙次郎1984 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 79-88
発行日: 1984/01/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーA 47-year-old housewife was admitted to our hospital because of general fatigue and constipation suggesting hypothyroidism. For 3 years before admission, general fatigue, arrhythmia, dry skin, drowsiness, cold intolerance and hypermenorrhea occurred insidiously. She had habitually taken considerable amounts of seaweed every day, e.g. more than 50 g of “Kombu” for more than 5 years and at least 1 g of “Wakame” for 6 months. On admission, serum thyroxine (T4) was 1.3 μg/dl, serum triiodothyronine (T3) was 47 ng/dl, TSH was 132 μU/ml, and 123I thyroidal uptake was 60% at 3 hr. and 75% at 24 hr. Anti-thyro-globulin hemagglutination antibodies and anti-thyroid microsomal hemagglutination anti-bodies were both negative. When seaweed was omitted from her diet, T4 rose to 6.3 μg/dl and T3 rose to 113 ng/dl, whereas TSH lowered to 11 μU/ml in 2 weeks. The seaweed-free diet was continued and 4 months later, when she had become euthyroid, an open biopsy of the thyroid gland was carried out. Histological examination of the specimen revealed a marked colloid deposition without characteristic features of Hashimoto's disease. Five months after admission, with the daily administration of 100 mg potassium iodide (KI), the effects of inorganic iodide on thyroid function had begun to be seen. On the 16th day of the KI regimen, palpitation and tachycardia (pulse rate 160/min.) with multifocal ventricular premature beat appeared, and T4 on the 11th day was 5.9 μg/di, which was clearly lower than the pretreatment level of 8.4 μg/dl. KI was discontinued on the 16th day, and one week after the withdrawal, T4 T3 and TSH all returned to the pretreatment level. For more than 3 years on a seaweed-free diet, she remained euthyroid without any thyroid regimen. To see the effects of inorganic iodide on thyroid function after this long period on a seaweed-free diet, KI was again administered. One hundred mg/day KI for 14 days followed by 200 mg/day for 21 days had virtually no effect on T4, T3 and free T4 and she remained well. None of the perchlorate discharge tests performed on 3 occasions during the 6 month period after the initiation of the seaweed-free diet showed a discharge. However, when a more sensitive iodide-perchlorate discharge test was performed at the end of the 3 year seaweed-free diet, it gave a positive result of 22% discharge, indicating that there was a mild organification defect. After 3 years and 5 months on a seaweed-free diet, she was allowed to take seaweed as found in the ordinary Japanese diet. Four months later, T4, T3, free T4 and TSH remained unchanged and she has been well up to the present time of writing. Although the precise mechanism why her thyroid became less sensitive to an inorganic iodide load after a long-term seaweed-free diet are not explainable by this type of clinical observation, the mildness of the organification defect might be the cause for the restoration of the escape mechanism from the Wolff-Chaikoff effect. In view of the above findings, it can be said that iodide myxedema with a mild organification defect is reversible not only functionally but also etiologically by inorganic iodide restriction alone.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1400K)
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