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67 巻, 11 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1～6を表示しています
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熊井 俊夫, 平井 正直1991 年 67 巻 11 号 p. 1231-1239
発行日: 1991/11/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーGonadectomy induced a significant retardation of systolic blood pressure (BP) in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Captopril (5mg/kg, i.p.), an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, significantly decreased BP in all groups, except that the antihypertensive action was significantly inhibited by gonadectomy in both sexes. The plasma ACE activity was increased in orchiectomized males, but this effect did not appear in females. Neither plasma renin activity nor its concentration were changed by gonadectomy in either sex. Aorta ACE activity was not changed by gonadectomy in either sex, while the renin activity was increased only in gonadectomized females. Diencephalon ACE activity was not changed by gonadectomy in either sex, but the renin activity was decreased in these groups. These results suggested that the decrease of BP by gonadectomy in both sexes SHR was closely related to the decrease of renin activity in diencephalon by androgen deprivation with gonadectomy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (921K) -
内臓脂肪増加に伴う耐糖能悪化及びインシュリン抵抗性の増大について山田 隆司, 柳沢 一男1991 年 67 巻 11 号 p. 1240-1251
発行日: 1991/11/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーTo evaluate the pathophysiological significance of intra-abdominal fat accumulation in Japanese subjects with mild to moderate overweight, 107 subjects (56 men and 51 women, aged 16-68 years) with body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) of 17-39 (mean±SD, 25±4.3) were evaluated. Subjects with disorders which affect glucose metabolism, such as thyroid, adrenal, liver, and kidney diseases, were excluded. A 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in all subjects, and venous samples were obtained before, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the glucose load for plasma glucose (PG), immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) measurements. In 72 of the subjects, plasma free fatty acid (FFA) level at fasting was also determined. The degree of visceral fat accumulation was evaluated using a CT-scan by the method reported by Fujioka et al. (Metabolism, 36: 54-59, 1987), and intra-abdominal fat area/subcutaneous fat area (V/S ratio) was obtained. V/S ratio and BMI correlated positively in subjects with BMI<25 (17 men and 16 women, aged 28-62 years) but they did not correlate at all with each other in those with BMI≥25 (39 men and 35 women, aged 16-68 years). Based on this finding, the possible adverse effects of increased intra-abdominal fat on glucose metabolism were investigated in the subjects with BMI≥25. For this purpose, the correlation of V/S ratio with fasting PG (FPG), fasting IRI (FIRI), fasting CPR (FCPR), FPG/FIRI, FFA, or PG area (ΣPG) and ΣPG/ΣIRI at OGTT was analyzed. V/S ratio positively correlated with FPG, ΣPG, FPG/FIRI and ΣPG/ΣIRI but not with FFA. The correlation between V/S ratio and FIRI or FCPR was significant in the subjects with V/S ratio≥0.8 in men and≥0.4 in women. In sharp contrast to V/S ratio, BMI did not correlate at all with any of these metabolic indices. We conclude that in Japanese subjects with mild overweight to moderate obesity, intra-abdominal fat accumulation, but not the increase in the degree of obesity, accompanies worsening of glucose tolerance. Because PG elevation relative to IRI secretion is progressively greater with increasing V/S ratio, it is suggested that the deleterious effects of intra-abdominal fat accumulation can be attributed to increased insulin resistance.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1068K) -
加齢の実験病理学的検討間宮 康喜, 鈴木 実, 波間 美佐子, 大野 秀樹1991 年 67 巻 11 号 p. 1252-1262
発行日: 1991/11/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is known to be a principal energy source of non-shivering thermogenesis and related diet-induced thermogenesis. These regulate body temperature and body weight and are controlled by the dissipation of excessive dietary caloric intake.
We carried out histopathologic, immunohistochemical and biochemical studies of BAT in rats in relation to aging changes. Four groups of Donryu strain male rats (5 each of 1 month, 2 months, 4 months and 20 months of age) were used. They had been given commercial chow and tap water ad libitum and were kept in an air-conditioned room. Body weight (BW), interscapular BAT weight (IBATW) and g IBATW/g BW of rats were measured. Nor-adrenalin (NA), and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) of IBAT were determined. To evaluate the catecholaminergic effects of BAT, morphometric quantitation of BAT was carried out based on the cytoplasmic locularity of fat globules in the BAT cells. Distribution of DBH in BAT was assessed immunohistochemically by the avidin biotin peroxidase complex method.
With the use of statistical analysis of variance procedure, there were highly significant decreases in the ratio of g IBATW/g BW (p<0.0001) and in the concentrations of NA (p<0.0001) and DBH (p<0.01) between young (weaning at 1 month old) rats and adult (aged from 4 to 20 months) rats. In the morphometric measurement, by the statistical analysis system (SAS) Spearman correlation coefficient method, there was a significant increase of Type 5 cell (monocular brown adipose tissue cell) in 4 month and 20 month rats, compared to 1 month and 2 month rats (p<0.05). Immunohistochemical study of BAT showed localization of DBH in perivascular mesenchymal cells which corresponded with the morphologic distribution of catecholamine as reported by Lever.
The results suggest that in the processes of aging in the rat there are reductions in the ratio of g IBATW/g BW, NA and the activity in DBH.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3404K) -
三丸 修, 吉本 緑, 坂巻 隆男, 真弓 克彦, 杉本 高士, 高慶 承平, 小柳 博司, 井上 健, 鈴木 晟時, 飯野 史郎1991 年 67 巻 11 号 p. 1263-1270
発行日: 1991/11/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーClinical studies were undertaken of three pairs of monozygotic twin sisters affected by Graves' disease. The evidence that the twins were monozygotic was established by similarity in physical appearance, identical blood-group antigens and identical HLA types. All pairs were female, and the evidence of Graves' disease in both members of the pair was observed in 2 out of 3 pairs. In the remaining pair the disease started in the elder sister, but the younger sister still remained in euthyroidism in spite of the presence of diffuse goiter. The disease occurred in the second decade in all the patients, and the interval between the occurrence of the disease in twin sisters was 1 to 4 years. No common specific type of HLA was found among all three pairs, but DR4 was common in two pairs of twin sisters showing positive MCHA test. Serum TRAb was positive in 2 pairs of twin sisters but negative in the remaining one. However, it became positive in the elder sister of the latter pair during the antithyroid treatment. The effect of antithyroid drug treatment was found to be similar in each of the twin sisters, and the serum TRAb moved almost in parallel with serum FT4 level.
These results indicate that a genetic factor may be of great importance in the aetiology of Graves' disease, and there was a strong preponderance for it to occur in women and the second decade was the peak age for its occurrence. The common specific type of HLA for all Graves' patients was not found in this study. A strong relationship was observed between Grave' s disease and TRAb.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (726K) -
佐藤 直利, 菊池 健次郎, 長谷川 亨, 小村 博昭, 鈴木 真一郎, 大友 透, 高田 珠, 南場 雅章, 丸崎 茂, 飯村 攻1991 年 67 巻 11 号 p. 1271-1281
発行日: 1991/11/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーThe present study aimed to elucidate the role of renal dopaminergic and prostaglandin (PG) systems in renal uric acid metabolism in essential hypertension. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr), serum uric acid (SUA), urinary excretions of uric acid (UUAV) and sodium (UNaV), fractional excretions of uric acid (FEUA) and sodium (FENa), plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were measured before and after intravenous injection of a dopamine receptor antagonist, metoclopramide (MCP: 8mg/m2.BSA), or before and after a single oral administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin (IM: 75mg), in 34 mild-to-moderate essential hypertensives (EHT).
MCP injection or acute oral administration of IM caused significant decreases of UNaV and FENa in each group, whereas MAP, HR and SUA did not change in either group. Significant decreases in Ccr, UUAV and FEUA and increases in PRA and PAC were demonstrated by MCP injection, while no significant changes in these parameters were revealed by IM administration. There was a significant positive correlation between Δ UUAV and _??_ Ccr or Δ FEUA in both groups. In addition, a close positive correlation between _??_ UUAV and _??_ UNaV as well as between Δ FEUA and _??_ FENa was found in the MCP group, but not in the IM group. On the other hand, no significant correlation was observed between _??_ UUAV and _??_ PRA or _??_ PAC in either MCP or IM administration. The decreases of UUAV and FEUA were significantly greater in MCP than in IM administration, despite similar changes in Ccr, UNaV and FENa between the two procedures.
These data suggest that the endogenous renal dopaminergic system may contribute to renal uric acid metabolism, which is rather closely related to sodium handling in essential hypertension than the prostaglandin system. Furthermore, the attenuated renal dopaminergic activity may contribute to the elevation of serum uric acid level in patients with essential hypertension.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1062K) -
塩野谷 恵彦, 辻 祥孝, 鳥本 雄二1991 年 67 巻 11 号 p. 1282-1293
発行日: 1991/11/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーThis study was conducted in order to establish whether C cells, which are responsible for secretion of calcitonin within the thyroid gland, change either in volume or morphology under conditions of chronic hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism.
Out of 106 primary hyperparathyroid patients undergoing surgery, in 11 cases the thyroids were excised and examined for changes in the C cell. As a control group we used thyroids removed in another 14 cases undergoing thyrocidectomy or laryngectomy.
Calcitonin in the C cell was observed by optical microscope after immuno staining using the indirect peroxidase-labeled antibody technique.
C cells are not evenly distributed within the thyroid. However, there is excellent positive correlation (p<0.001) between the C-cell index, which is the average of two tissue samples excised from the area at the border between the upper 1/3 and middle 1/3 of the thyroid lobe (the area where most C cells are found), and the total number of C cells. The C-cell index can thus be used as an indicator of the total number of C cells in the thyroid.
The number of C cells decreased (p<0.01) as the level of calcium in serum increased. In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, this decrease in C cells was significantly greater (p<0.025) than in the controls.
Focal C cell hyperplasia and diffuse C cell hyperplasia were present in both the control group and primary hyperparathyroid group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups as to the frequency of occurrence. For both these conditions the rate of occurrence was considered within normal ranges for C cell morphology.
We concluded that the decrease in C-cell count in primary hyperparathyroidism patients with chronic hypercalcemia is due to consumption of calcitonin in the C cell.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3140K)
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