巻号一覧
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68 巻, 7 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1～6を表示しています
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-その構造と機能-矢内原 昇, 望月 徹, 大島 啓一, 井口 和明, 高塚 直樹, 佐藤 圭吾, 星野 稔, 矢内原 千鶴子, 桑原 厚和1992 年 68 巻 7 号 p. 637-657
発行日: 1992/07/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーGalanin is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system and exerts a variety of physiological effects. This review briefly describes the chemical structure, tissue distribution, physiological effects, receptors and structure-function relationships of galanin. It is worthnoting that the inhibitory effect of newly synthesized galanin (1-15)-ol on guinea pig ileum contractions was of the same magnitude as that of galanin. This observation gives us an important clue as to the discovery of antagonists of galanin for neural systems.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2072K) -
竹田 亮祐, 武田 仁勇1992 年 68 巻 7 号 p. 658-664
発行日: 1992/07/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリー11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD), as its name implies, is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of cortisol to cortisone, and of corticosterone to 11-dehydrocorticosterone. Ulick et al. reported the detailed investigation of a patient with the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME), who had the stigmata of florid hyperaldosteronism but low normal or suppressed levels of renin and aldosterone. Such patients show marked abnormalities of cortisol metabolism. From a series of studies, the consensus grew that AME reflects the absence, or very low activity, of 11β-HSD in the kidney of affected patients. In addition to providing a framework for understanding the pathogenesis of AME, these studies prompted a re-evaluation of other areas of steroid in the kidney. Glycyrrhetinic acid, the active principle of liquorice and carbenoxolone, exerted its mineralocorticoid action not by a direct effect on mineralocorticoid receptors but by inhibiting renal 11β-HSD, thus producing a mild, drug-induced form of AME. Recently Monder et al. reported the cloning and expression of rat and human cDNA encoding corticosteroid 11β-dehydrogenase. The physiological role of 11β-HSD in conferring aldosterone-selectivity on otherwise non-selective type I receptors has been focused using the genetic methods in addition to the biological ones.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (591K) -
小西 淳二1992 年 68 巻 7 号 p. 665-675
発行日: 1992/07/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーAmong various imaging modalities used for the diagnosis of thyroid diseases, ultrasonography is the most sensitive and economical method to visualize anatomic detail and structural relations. Scintigraphy using 123I or 99mTc gives critical information about thyroid cell function and makes it possible to differentiate the causes of thyrotoxicosis. Tumor scintigraphy using 201T1, 67Ga, 131I-metaiodobenzyl guanidine or 99mTc(V)-dimercap-tosuccinic acid is useful for the characterization of nodules. Recently introduced magnetic resonance imaging appears promising in demonstrating pseudocapsules around tumors and capsular invasion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3210K) -
偽性副甲状腺機能低下症II型の一例番度 行弘, 宮腰 久嗣, 長岡 匡, 大沢 謙三, 小林 健一1992 年 68 巻 7 号 p. 676-687
発行日: 1992/07/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーWe report a case of PHP Type II whose phosphaturic response to PTH was restored by treatment for complicated Bartter's syndrome.
A 34-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital in July 1990 because of tetanic convulsion. The physical examination showed normal blood pressure (118/62mmHg), round face without shortness of metacarpal bones and positive Trousseau's sign. Although renal function was normal, hypocalcemia (6.5mg/dl) and hyperphosphatemia (4.8mg/dl) in association with high levels of serum PTH (942pg/ml) and 1,25 (OH)2D3 (86pg/ml) were disclosed. Ellsworth-Howard test revealed that there was no increase in the urinary secretion of phosphate despite an increase in urinary cAMP excretion. On the other hand, hypopotassemia (2.5mEq/l) and metabolic alkalosis with high plasma renin activity (22.8ng/ml/hr) and aldosterone concentration (22.7ng/dl) were coexistent. Pressor response to angiotensin II infusion was blunted. Although no glomeruli were obtained by renal biopsy specimen, vacuolar degeneration on proximal tubules were noted. These findings indicated that she had PHP Type II associated with Bartter's syndrome. By administration of potassium (24mEq/day), spironolactone (50mg/day) and only small doses of 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 (0.5mg/day), serum levels of potassium as well as calcium were normalized and tetanic attacks disappeared. In March 1991, she was re-examined by Ellsworth-Howard test in order to clarify the effects of hypopotassemia on renal tubular response to PTH. Interestingly, phosphaturic response to PTH was restored, and the degree of increase in urinary cAMP excretion was 4 times as high as that on the first admission.
These results suggest that hypopotassemia changes the response of renal proximal tubular cells to PTH, particularly such as reabsorption of phosphate and cAMP response, although it is possible that hypocalcemia may contribute to the blunted phosphaturic response to PTH. The mechanism of hypocalcemia seen in this case remains to be elucidated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1982K) -
入江 實, 宮地 幸隆, 勢川 真理1992 年 68 巻 7 号 p. 688-700
発行日: 1992/07/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーInsulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is the growth factor which binds to its specific binding proteins in plasma and mediates most of the actions of growth hormone (GH). In terms of this, measurement of IGF-I concentrations is considered to be important in the diagnosis and treatment of growth abnormalities.
In the present report we describe a modified immunoenzymometric assay (IEMA) for IGF-I using monoclonal antibody and peroxidase conjugated polyclonal antibody, which was originally developed by Tamura et al. The minimum detection level was 3ng/ml and good linearity was obtained at a range of 3-50ng/ml. The recovery of added IGF-I was nearly quantitative, and cross reaction with human IGF-II was less than 1%. There was a significant positive correlation between the IGF-I values determined by IEMA and by RIA. We measured the levels of IGF-I by this IEMA in normal subjects and children with short stature. Serum or plasma samples were extracted by acid-ethanol method. In normal children IGF-I level was observed age-dependently. IGF-I values gradually increased and reached peak levels (101.2-473.2ng/ml) in pubertal period and thereafter decreased to adult levels (67.3-329.6ng/ml). In subjects with short stature older than 5 yrs, the percentages falling below the normal mean for chronological age by at least 2SD were 100% for complete GH deficiency (n=5), 80.0% for partial GH deficiency (n=15), 25.0% for GH neurosecretory dysfunction (n=4), 40.0% for non-endocrine short stature (n=60) and 25.0% for Turner syndrome (n=4). In children younger than 4 yrs, it may be difficult to use IGF-I for diagnosis of GH deficiency because there was an overlap in IGF-I values with normal children.
IEMA for IGF-I is shown to be a reliable method for measurement of IGF-I in blood and is appropriate for diagnosis of growth disorders with short stature in subjects older than 5 yrs.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (879K) -
和田 篤志, 島崎 優, 工藤 千佳, 坂本 孝志, 沢井 仁郎, 向 博也, 滝沢 英毅, 石黒 俊哉, 菊池 健次郎1992 年 68 巻 7 号 p. 701-709
発行日: 1992/07/20
公開日: 2012/09/24
ジャーナル フリーRecently, it was suggested that the role of hyperinsulinemia on the hypertensive mechanism of essential hypertension might be related to renal sodium handling and sympathetic nerve activity, especially in obese hypertensive patients. However, the interrelationship between insulin, obesity, renal sodium metabolism and sympathetic nerve activity in normotensive subjects (NT) still remains unclear. The present study, therefore, was undertaken to clarify the role of insulin on renal sodium handling and sympatho-adrenal function in overweight NT. The study consisted of 24NT, who were divided into two groups of twelve non-obese (NNT) and twelve obese (ONT) subjects. NNT was categorized as a body mass index (BMI) less than, and ONT as a BMI equal to or more than 25kg/m2. In the early morning, after overnight fasting, all subjects remained in a supine state and were examined for renal clearance test. During the two-hour clearance period, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr), urinary excretion of sodium (UNaV), fractional excretion of sodium (FEN.), plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI), plasma norepinephrine concentration (pNE), and plasma epinephrine concentration (pE) were determined.
Although no significant difference was found in age, MAP, HR, pE, Ccr or UNaV between the two groups, a significantly higher IRI (p<0.05) and lower FENa (p<0.05) were observed in ONT than in NNT. There was no significant correlation between IRI and UNaV, FENa or pE in ONT or in NNT. In addition, no significant correlation was shown between FENa and pNE or pE in both groups. However, IRI was correlated positively with pNE in all subjects (r=0.455, p<0.05) and NNT (r=0.536, p=0.07), but not in ONT.
These results suggest that hyperinsulinemia may contribute, at least in part, to the attenuating of the natriuretic ability via a renal tubular effect and an enhancement of sympathetic nerve activity in overweight normotensive subjects.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (898K)
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