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Volume 70, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Toshiro FUJITA, Katsuyuki ANDO1994 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 423-430
Published: May 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSodium (Na) intake is one of the important environmental factors influcncing the development and maintenance of high blood pressure (BP). Patients with essential hypertension can be divided into two groups:“salt-sensitive”and“non-salt-sensitive”, according to BP response to salt loading, suggesting the heterogeneity of salt sensitivity of BP. Salt-sensitive patients had greater increases in BP by salt loading, associated with greater Na retention. Although the precise mechanism for impaired renal Na handling in salt-sensitive patients is still unknown, the sympathetic nervous system in the kidney may play an important role in the decreased renal function of Na excretion and the increased salt sensitivity. Moreover, there are several pieces of evidence indicating that increased renal sympathetic nerve activity is intimately related to the abnormal central noradrenergic systems. In addition, the renin-angiotensin system, insulin, and so on, may modulate salt sensitivity of BP. Some ions influence the hypertensinogenic effect of Na: Chloride ion facilitates it, while potassium, calcium and magnesium antagonize it. Moreover, obesity and a stressful environment increase salt sensitivity of BP.View full abstractDownload PDF (954K) -
Masako NOGUCHI, Yayoi NONOMURA, Akira KANAMORI, Yoshitada YAJIMA, Yosh ...1994 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 431-438
Published: May 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report a case of polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PGA) complicated by Duane's syndrome. The patient was a 44-year-old female with marked limitation of abduction in the left eye, lethargy, nonhomogeneous facial pigmentation, goiter, and oligomenorrhea. A diagnosis of chronic thyroiditis was first made to explain the patient's symptoms. Laboratory examinations were performed. Plasma ACTH level was high and plasma cortisol was low, and there was no response to the ACTH stimulation test. The presence of primary adrenocortical deficiency was confirmed. Moreover, primary gonadal failure was also present, and the diagnosis of PGA type II was made. The patient's elder sister had myasthenia gravis which is a condition known to occur with PGA type II. Therefore, the sister was also suspected to have PGA type II, as the syndrome can occur in family members. However, since she had been receiving large doses of steroids for her myasthenia gravis, laboratory findings were inconclusive.
Duane's syndrome, which is characterized by congenital oculomotor disturbance, was also seen in the sister. It is still unknown whether the familial occurrence of Duane's syndrome has a genetic basis. There have been reports of congenital disorders occurring in combination with autoimmune diseases.
Further investigation into the relationship between congenital anomalies and autoimmune diseases is necessary.View full abstractDownload PDF (925K) -
Takako NEMOTO, Susumu NIIMURA, Akira HAYASHI, Taihei GOMIBUCHI, Hirono ...1994 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 439-446
Published: May 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report a 54-year old man diagnosed as idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) at least 12 years after the onset. At the age of 42, he showed hypertension (162/100mmHg), hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, low plasma renin activity (PRA) and normal plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) in a supine posture. Both PRA and PAC were elevated after a 2-hour ambulation following furosemide (60mg) injection. Since the accumulation of radioactivity following 131I-adosterol injection with combined administration of dexamethasone was equally detected in both adrenal areas, he was diagnosed as low-renin essential hypertension (LREH). Blood pressure (BP) decreased to the normal range after treatment with nifedipine (40mg/day). At the age of 47, however, BP was hypertensive (164/106mmHg) serum potassium (K) level was normal. Although PAC was normal in a supine posture, it increased after a 2-hour ambulation following furosemide (60mg) injection. PRA after the stimulation was still suppressed despite the increase in PAC. At the age of 54, BP was 172/94mmHg. Serum K level was 3.4mEq/L. PRA was suppressed below 0.1ng/ml/hr, while PAC was above the normal range (170pg/ml) in a supine posture. Serum cortisol and urinary excretion of 17-OHCS and 17-KS were within normal limits. PRA was still suppressed below 0.1ng/ml/hr after a 2-hour ambulation following furosemide (60mg) injection, but PAC was markedly increased (330pg/ml). There was a diurnal rhythm of aldosterone, which was parallel to that of ACTH. PAC was elevated to 330pg/ml after ACTH (250μg) injection and to 261pg/ml after angiotensin III (20ng/kg/min for 15 minutes) infusion. Treatment with dexamethasone (2mg/day for 14 days) had no effect on levels of BP, serum K, PRA and PAC. Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia was suspected by the dexamethasone suppression adrenal scintigraphy. From these results, we diagnosed the patient, who had been diagnosed as LREH for the past 12 years, as IHA. Since some patients with IHA exhibit suppressed PRA with normal PAC at the early stage of the onset, we should repeat examinations for detecting lesions of the adrenal glands of the patients having suppressed PRA with normal PAC, so-called LREH.View full abstractDownload PDF (944K) -
Satoko ARAKAWA, Naofumi YAGO, Satoshi ISOBE, Ryoichi OHKAWA, Hiroyuki ...1994 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 447-456
Published: May 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLittle is known about the dopamine system in the ovary. The present study has been undertaken to investigate the effect of dopamine (DA) on the ovarian steroidogenic enzymes of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG)-treated immature rats.
Ovarian cells from PMSG-treated rats were cultured for 1-5 hours with or without DA, D1 agonists or bulbocapnine (Bul)(D1 antagonist). Progesterone (P) and estradiol (E2) in the media were assayed by specific RIAs. The enzyme activities were assayed by adding radioactive substrates in the media before incubation.
DA and D1 agonists increased P in the media which was caused by the increment of 3 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 β-HSD) activity because cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (CSCC) activity showed no significant change. The stimulating effects of DA and DA agonists on P and 3 β-HSD activity were inhibited by Bul. DA showed no effect on 17 α-hydroxylase activity. DA decreased 17, 20 lyase activity, but this decrement was probably a non specific effect. DA alone did not affect the E2 level in the media and aromatase activity.
The present results suggest that DA mainly stimulated 3 β-HSD activity of the PMSG-treated rat ovary which regulated P synthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (933K) -
Satoshi ISOBE1994 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 457-464
Published: May 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough many studies have been carried out on the dopaminergic system, little is known about the dopaminergic system in the ovary.
The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of the dopamine (DA) system in ovarian function especially in steroidogenesis using rat ovaries.
Ovarian cells from PMS-treated rats were incubated for 1 hour with or without DA or other drugs.
DA, norepinephrine (NE) and isoproterenol (Iso) increased the levels of progesterone (P4) and cAMP in the media.
D1 agonists (SKF38393, SKF82526-J, CY208-243) increased P4 secretion, whereas bromocriptine (D2 agonists) did not show any effect on the P4 level in the media. The effect of NE and Iso on P4 and cAMP levels was inhibited by propranolol (Pro; β-blocker), while the increase of P4 and cAMP levels caused by DA or D1 agonists was suppressed by bulbocapnine (Bul; D1 antagonists).
Propranolol (β-blocker) or domperidon (D2 antagonists) did not affect the levels of P4 and cAMP.
The presence of dopamine D1 receptor in the PMS-treated rat ovary was revealed by a kinetic study. The maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) of ovarian D1 receptor was 1.33fmol/mg tissue and the Kd value was 0.357nM.
These results suggest that the DA system may physiologically play a role in the steroidogenesis in the ovary through D1 receptor.View full abstractDownload PDF (702K) -
Yoshikazu SUZUK, Masataka NANNO, Rieko GEMMA, Issei TANAKA, Tomohiko T ...1994 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 465-470
Published: May 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the mechanism of impaired thyroid hormone levels in patients with diabetes mellitus, thyroid hormone, thyroid hormone binding inhibitor (THBI), inhibitor of extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 (IEC) and free fatty acid (FFA) were examined. In addition, TRH test was performed on 9 diabetic patients showing poor control of plasma glucose before and after glycemic control. Before glycemic control, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c were significantly higher than after glycemic control (P<0.05). T3 and the T3/T4 ratio significantly increased and rT3 significantly decreased after glycemic control (P<0.05). THBI index and plasma FFA level significantly decreased and %T3 production (IEC) significantly increased after glycemic control (P<0.05). The response of TSH to TRH significantly increased after glycemic control. In conclusion,(1) the presence of THBI, (2) the presence of IEC, and (3) dysfunction of the hypothalamo-hypophysial-thyroid axis are considered to be involved in abnormal thyroid function in diabetic patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (647K) -
Yasushi NAKAGAWA, Yoshio FUKE, Minoru IRAHARA, Toshihiro AONO1994 Volume 70 Issue 4 Pages 471-477
Published: May 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between maternal plasma levels of β-endorphin (β-Ep) during labor and various obstetrical factors was investigated in 115 healthy pregnant women. β-Ep was determined by radioimmunoassay using double-antibody RIA kit (INCSTAR Corporation, Stillwater, M'S.). The results were as follows:
(1) The primiparous women showed a significant increase of maternal plasma levels of β-Ep at delivery compared with the multiparous women. In addition, the group of women whose Bishop's score at the onset of labor was 5 points or less showed a significant increase of maternal plasma levels of β-Ep at delivery compared with that in the group of women whose Bishop's score was 6 points or more.
(2) The increase in maternal plasma levels of β-Ep during the first and the second stage of labor was significantly higher in obese women (pre-pregnancy BMI?24) than in normal weight women (pre-pregnancy BMI<24). In normal weight women in pre-pregnancy, the group of women whose weight gain during pregnancy was 11kg or more showed a significantly higher increase of β-Ep compared with that in the group of women whose weight gain was less than 11kg.
These results suggest that a stressful delivery caused a significant increase of maternal plasma levels of β-Ep during labor. Moreover, obesity and marked weight gain during pregnancy caused a remarkable increase in β-Ep probably due to latent dystocia.View full abstractDownload PDF (772K)
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