1. The neurohypophysial hormone activities were detected in extracts of the median eminence and the pars nervosa of parakeets, ducks and chicken. The results so far secured suggest that in composition of the neurohypophysial hormones the median eminence contains more arginine vasotocin and less oxytocin than does the pars nervosa.
2. Histologicial observations revealed that the neurohypophysial hormone activity of the two regions was in close relation to the amount of neurosecretory material contained in the regions.
3. Results of inactivation experiment and enzymatic digestion confirmed the presence of oxytocin and arginine vasotocin in the chicken median eminence and pars nervosa. Furthermore, these two peptides were eluted separately through chromatography on ion exchange resin.

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The long-term administration of glucagon did not cause the marked histological changes in pancreatic islets of rats, but induced the obvious picture showing the acceleration in the basophile cells in the anterior lobe of pituitary, resembling the castration cells. This strong response may not be resulted from the deficiency of endogenous androgen, because the cell-height of prostata and seminal vesicle remained unchanged.

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Sixty male rats of Wistar-Imamichi strain castrated at the 45 days of age were decapitated at the 10, 30, 50, 55, 60, 180, 240, 300th and 421st postoperative day respectively. The anterior lobe of pituitary, adrenal and thyroid were investigated histologically. Commonly, in the control intact rats of various ages, the thyrotroph (T) was polygonal and the gonadotroph (G) spherical, together stainedwith PAS; with PAS-methylblue stain, T was PAS-purple, while G PAS-red; with aldehyde fuchsin stain, T positive but G negative. The significant proliferation of hypertrophied basophile cell was the main event following the prolonged castration. They belong exclusively to the castration cell. After the 150th postoperative day, most of them were transformed into so-called signet-ring cells containing the huge colloid mass; when they fell into an exhaustion, they gained the PAS-purple tincture, which may be concerned with the high density of the ground substance of the cell-body. In a moment T disappeared in the pituitary, the thyroid would be naturally expected to be atrophic. Nevertheless, the fact being contradictory to this expectation, thyroid provided no atrophic pattern, but rather the vigorous chronical response at the same level as by TSH administration. A expedited picture was no longer seen in adrenal cortex. From these observations, a question could naturally arise on the fixed classification of G and T. The monism is here tenable concerning the TSH and GTH secretion from a kind of basophile cell in the anterior lobe of pituitary.

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The relations between spontaneous alveolar formation (SAF) and body weight and the quantity of mammary parenchyma at the virginal stage and the milk performance on day 12 of lactation were investigated using the mice of groups KP (a strain which has been established on this SAF in the authors' department) and CFW, mainly by measuring the nucleic acids contents and respiratory activities of mammary tissues.
The frequencies of SAF on day 70 were 31.1%, and 0%, and those on day 90 56.4% and 0% in groups KP and CFW respectively.
In body weights on days 70 and 90 and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content of the inguinal mammary gland on day 90, the SAF positive animals were significantly larger than the SAF negative ones not only within but also between litters in the KP group.The mammary DNA contents of these animals were also larger than those in the CFW group.
The differences were hardly found among groups in most of items measured as the indices of milk performance. Further, the same tendency was obtained even within litters in the KP group.
The significance of these findings was discussed.

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In the past 6 years the author has treated 51 cases of subacute thyroiditis. Their data are summarized below:
The disease was confirmed by Silverman's needle biopsy of the thyroid in 36 them, and the others were diagnosed by typical clinical symptoms, characteristic results of thyroidal function test and accelerated red cell sedimentation rate its clinical course.
Of the total cases, 4 were males and 47 females, and the ages ranged 19 to 62 years, the thirties and forties together comprizing 40 cases (78.4%). As for clinical symptoms, goiters were observed in all of the total 51 cases, followed by local tenderness (96.1%), referred pain (92.2%), fever (90.2%), general lassitude (86.3%), headache (80.4%), palpitation (72.5%), body weight loss (62.7%), finger tremor and abnormal perspiration (60.8% each), and inflammation of the upper respiratorytract (41.2%). It was interesting that 27 out of 37 female cases (71.1%) had hypo-or oligomenorrhea, whereas in convalescence 29 of 38 (76.3%) had hyper-or polyrnenorrhea. Goiters of all the cases were slight or moderate.
Results of clinical and laboratory examinations in acute phasc: Ranges for 51 cases; body temperature 37.0-40.1°C (Mean ± Standard Deviation 38.4 ± 0.7°C); pulse rate permin. 72-162 (95.4 ± 21.5); BMR-1.6-+62.1% (+20.7 ± 13.2%); serum PBI 3.8-16.8γ/dl (6.9 ± 2.4γ/dl); thyroidal I¹³¹ uptake 0.2-10.8% (2.9 ± 2.8%); red cell sedimentation rate per hr. 20-142mm (73.8 ± 34.5mm). Results of examinations of 10 cases at 1 to 2 weeks after the onset: BMR +15.4-+32.8% (Mean+25.3%); serum PBI 6.1-16.8γ/dl (Mean 10.2γ/dl); I¹³¹ uptake rate 0.2-5.1% (Mean 1.2%); red cell sed imentation rate per hour 73-132mm (Mean 105.2mm). Serum cholesterol for 11 cases 140-225mg/dl (188.9 ± 26.5mg/dl).
Red cell count for 37 cases 300-523×10⁴/cmm (405.3+56.0) ×10⁴, 7 giving below 350×10⁴/cmm (18.9%); Sahli's, value 57-105% (81.1±7.3%), 7 giving below 70% (18.9%); white cell count 3, 200-13, 200/cmm (6, 724±2, 244/cmm), 18 giving below 6, 000/cmm (48.6%) and 11 above 8, 000/cmm (29.7%) and in 4 of these 11 cases above 10, 000/cmm (10.8%). Blood eosinophile cell count was low in all the cases. Serum iron for 10 cases 66-143γ/dl (95.1±28.8γ/dl), 5 giving moderately low levels; UIBC 268-394γ/dl (316.1±40.3γ/dl), 6 giving above 300γ/dl; serum copper for 3 cases 148-154γ/dl (Mean 154.0γ/dl), all giving high values.Serum protein tractions were determined by the Tiselius method with 20 cases, and the results were in agreement with past reports except that spike was observed in the descending fraction of β-globulin. As to liver function, there was abnormality in Takada-Jezler reaction, cobalt-reaction, cadmium reaction and CCF test, revealed delay in the recovery from hyperglycemia in 6 of 12 cases, and insulin tolerance test showed abnormality in 10 of 16 cases. Abnormality in Thorn's test, serum Na and serum K, and decrease in urinary 17 KS were observed in a few cases. Five cases in acute phase showed positivity in Shichijo's xerogel-figure, and skin electric resistance indicated the type of hyperthyroidism.
Precipitation test was performed on 10 patients with subacute thyroiditis using human thyroglobulin as antigen, and the antibody was demonstrated in the serum from 6. Also skin test was performed with the above mentioned antigen, and redness could be demonstrated in 6 of 10 patients with this disease.

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Changes in contents of nucleic acids and phosphoprotein of mammary gland of lactating rats resulting from arrest of suckling were investigated. The content of phosphoprotein was used as an index of the amount of milk stored in the gland.
DNA content of the gland began to decrease from 24 hrs. after weaning and diminished to a half of the level before weaning within 3 days. No significant difference was found in the content between 3 and 5 days after weaning. Decrease in RNA content, which began 6 or 12 hrs. after weaning, was much steeper than that in DNA. The ratio of RNA/DNA fell rapidly for 3 days after weaning and thereafter the depression turned to gradual one. Amount of phosphoprotein in the gland, on the other hand, increased abruptly just from the time of litter removal. This increase was continued until 12 hrs. after weaning. Accumulation of the protein was kept in maximum level for about 12 hrs. and then it disappeared rapidly.
The processes of mammary involution resulting from arrest of suckling were classified into 3 phases and the effect of cessation of pituitary hormone secretion and engorgement on each of these phases were discussed.

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Injections of increasing doses of estrone to male rats for the first 30 days of postnatal life brought about an inhibition of spermatogenesis and a marked atrothe last estrogen injection. Zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex was enlarged. In the pituitary anterior lobe gonadotrophs were seldom found and castration cells were never encountered.

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