Experiments were conducted on Wistar strain male rats to evaluate the influence of the hormones on the weight, enzymic activity, ⁶⁵ZnCl₂ and ³H-thymidine incorporation of the prostatic gland and the experimental carcinogenesis 01 the prostate due to 20-MC. The results obtained in these experiments are as follows.
1. Iniection of EB, MTU and MMI decreased the stainabilitv of Zn and SD in the lateral lobe of the prostate and increased the activity of ALP. 2. Increased ³H-thymidine incorporation in the lateral lobe of the prostate were found under the influence of TP, but EB gave the reverse.
3, In normal, the dorsolateral lobe of the prostate was found to have the highest uptake of ⁶⁵Zn than any other organ in 24 hrs. of administration. The weight and the ⁶⁵Zn uptake rate of the prostate were higher among the cohabitation groups than in non-cohabitation groups. 4. Among various chelate reagents, the strongest inhibitory action of ⁶⁵Zn uptake of dorsolateral lobe was noted in the group administered with dithizone. No quantitative relationship was noted between ⁶⁵Zn uptake of the prostate and the elevation of blood sugar level under the influence of the chelate reagents.
5. Among the rats injected with 20-MC into the ventral lobe of the prostatic gland, 58.9% of them developed prostatic neoplasma 6 months later. EB, GC and antithyroid preparations increased the incidence of the neoplasma, while thyroid preparations inhibited it.

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When serotonin was intravenously injected into adreno-demedullated, glucoseu-14C administered rats, glycogen specific activity as well as content was increased in heart, and lowered in liver, 10 mins. after the injection. By shortening of the time interval of glucose-u-¹⁴C administration and serotonin injection, increased glycogen specific activity was observed not only in heart but in diaphragm, and the serotonin effect was also detected in gastrocnemius muscle 30 mins. after the injection.‘Central’ blood glucose level was elevated in the serotonin treated rats, but the increment was not large enough to explain the increased incorporation of glucose-¹⁴C into muscle glycogen by serotonin. When glucose-1-¹⁴C was given to the control and the serotonin treated rats, all of radioactivity in cardiac and diaphragmatic glycogen was distributed in position-1 of the glucose. These data indicate that serotonin stimulates the incorporation of glucose into muscle glycogen rather than the resynthesis of glycogen from smaller fragments.

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Paper chromatographic determinations of mitochondrial phospholipid fractions revealed that increment of phosphoinositide was mainly responsible for the increase of total phospholipid content during the experimental incubation period. Serotonin creatinine sulfate (5×10-4M) prevented the increase of this particular fraction, and showed little influence on the content of other fractions.
Requirement of Mg⁺² for the active incorporation of inorganic phosphate into mitochondria and the counteractive action of Ca⁺² upon this process were confirmed. Serotonin exerted a stimulation of phosphate uptake at the lower concentrations, e. g., 10^-6M. At the higher concentrations of serotonin, a transient stimulation succeeded by an inhibition was observed. The serotonin effects were still demonstrable in Ca⁺²-eliminated test systems, showing that the effects could not solely be accounted for by a shift of Ca⁺² within mitochondria.
Fractionation of ³²P-labelled mitochondrial phospholipid showed that phosphoinositide was the most rapidly labelled fraction. Inhibition of ³²P incorporation by serotonin was also most evident in this fraction. The inhibition was counteracted by an addition of ATP, and an induction of ATPase by serotonin was confirmed. The labelling of phospholipids by ³²P lagged behind that of ATP, and the specific activity of ATP was far greater than that of phospholipids.
It has been concluded that the inhibition of phosphate incorporation into ATP must be the primary cause of the observed inhibitory effects of serotonin upon mitochondrial phospholipids.

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Effects of estradiol on hypophyseal secretion of FSH and LH were studied in parabiotic unions of hypophysectomized-ovariectomized rat and ovariectomized rat, both bearing intrasplenic ovarian grafts. Twenty-five daily subcutaneous injections of 0.5μg to ovariectomized parabionts or of 10.0μg to hypophysectomized-ovariectomized members could hardly depress the hypersecretion of gonadotrophins by the hypophysis of ovariectomized rats, both follicular growth and luteinization taking place in intrasplenic ovarian grafts in hypophysectomized as well as hypophysis-intact parabionts. In contrast, 25 daily injections of 1.0μg to ovariectomized parabionts or of 20.0μg to hypophysectomized-ovariectomized parabionts so decreased the secretion of gonadotrophins, LH in particular, that follicular growth was not accompanied by luteinization in grafts of hypophysectomized members although both follicular growth and luteinization might occur in grafts in hypophysis-intact partners. If daily dose given to ovariectomized parabionts was increased to 5.0μg, luteinization seldom occurred in grafts in the recipients and even follicular growth was inhibited in those in their hypophysectomized partners. On the basis of these results, role of estrogen in the regulatory mechanism of the secretion of gonadotrophins in parabiotic rats was discussed.

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Major side-effects of glucocorticoids (GC) in Japan were investigated statistically.
1. Severe infectious complications, severe complications of digestive canals, disorders of the central nervous system, shock or acute adrenal crisis due to iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency, thrombophlebitis or embolism, diabetes mellitus (excluding slight steroid glucosuria) and pathologic fractures due to severe osteoporosis,
etc. were major side-effects with GC.
2. Among 212 cases of these major side-effects, severe infections and gastrointestinal complications occupied the overwhelming majority and high mortality. Shock due to iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency also resulted in a high mortality. Disorders of the central nervous system were observed frequently, but their mortality was low. 3. These major side-effects were mainly observed in such diseases as rheumatoid arthritis, blood diseases, nephrotic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (S. L. E.), rheumatic fever and bronchial asthma in which GC therapy played a major role. Especially these side-effects tended to occur in such diseases that were treated with massive dose of GC, e.g. acute leukemia and S. L. E.
4. Severe infectious complications mainly consisted of mycosis, tuberculosis, sepsis and pulmonary abscess. Almost all cases of mycosis, miliary tuberculosis and sepsis were fatal. It should be always kept in mind that fungi-infections can be caused by long-term treatments with GC and antibiotics.
5. Complications of digestive canals mainly consisted of steroid ulcer, which tended to cause a sudden massive bleeding or perforation. Disseminated petechial bleedings on the mucosa, as well as steroid ulcer, were also seen. It was observed that these complications of digestive canals occurred at a rather early period of GC administration
6. Among various disorders of the central nervous system, depression, mania, schizophrenic symptoms, pseud-cranial tumor symptoms were frequently observed. These side-effects were mainly observed in younger subjects.
7. Shock due to iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency often occurred immediately after the withdrawal of the GC in patients who had been treated for a long time. The shock was frequently observed in patients with bronchial asthma.
8. These results seem to be almost agree well with those in Europe and the United States, except for the lower frequency of cataract in Japan due to some unknown reasons.
9. In most cases of these major side-effects, the continuation of GC therapy becomes impossible and some treatment should be made immediately. It was therefore suggested that major side-effects should be definitely distinguished from minor ones in which further administration of GC can be continued.
10. It is believed that the present report can give an outline of the major side-effects of GC and contributes to the adequate clinical application of GC.

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³H-leucine uptake of rat adenohypophysial cells was studied autoradiographically in vitro. The autoradiographs were stained with PAS, metanil yellow and toluidine blue. In organ-cultured pituitaries PAS-positive cells showed a significantly lower uptake rate than acidophils and chromophobes on the 2nd and 4th day of cultivation. The uptake of these three type cells was increased with the time of exposure to ³H-leucine. However, the increase in the former was much less than that in the latter two.
The influence of acidic hypothalamic extracts was studied using short term incubation method. When hypothalamic extracts were added to incubation media, the uptake of ³H-leucine by PAS-positive cells rose to a considerable higher level than that found in the other two types. The uptake rates of acidophils and chromophobes were unchanged by the addition of hypothalamic extracts.

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