A histological and histometrical estimation was made on the adenohypophyseal cells of bilaterally adrenalectomized adult rats, which were sacrificed at various time-intervals from 6 hours to 32 days. The thyroid weight decreased, then rose again, being stabilized below the normal level after 3 days. The pituitary weight dropped slightly at 3 days, but soon returned to normal. The change in cell-height of the central follicles in thyroids was variable and exhibited no definite tendency. The height of epithelium of the ventral prostate tended to decrease gradually in a straight line. The cell-count resulted in a conclusion that the ranges of acidophils and chromophobes have an early and late peak. A slight decreasing shift was found in gonadotrophs. The curve of thyrotrophs represented a decreasing shift following an initial temporary rise. The population of intermediate cells between the chromophobes and chromophils was so intricate that its significance was hard to determine. The curve, including two peaks, of pituitary ACTH content in rats after adrenalectomy (Gemzell et al., 1951 and Fortier, 1959) was compatible with the population curve of chromophobes and acidophils, but inconsistent with that of the other cell elements. An early degranulation and subsequent accumulation of the α-granules in acidophils might be signs of discharge and secondary storage of the hormonal precursor in acidophils. It was suggested that the axis of the cellular transmigration from a chromophobe into an acidophil is likely to be concerned with ACTH secretion, because the population of chromophobes usually precedes that of the acidophils.

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The effect of a gonadotropin (luteinizing hormone) inhibiting substance on the ovarian histology and the super-ovulation induced by the injections of PMSG and HCG with an interval of 45 hours was studied in immature mice. The inhibitor was prepared from the precipitate of acidified urine (pH 3.6-4.0) of adult males by extraction with 0.1M sodium borate buffer (pH 8.6). A simulataneous injection of the inhibitor and HCG resulted in a marked or complete suppression on the numbers of the ova ovulated in the ovuducts. Enlarged follicles with proliferated granulosa cells were formed and the interstitial cells were deficient in the ovaries of the mice administrered the inhibitor.

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During the two years from 1965 to 1966, the authors carried out a survey of thyroid cancer combined with goiter in an unselected population living in nine nongoitrous areas in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. In the survey, 30, 359 subjects were examined. The total number of goiter patients found in the population was 1, 228; i. e. 4.0%(1.7 males; 6.1 females) of the population examined. The 353 cases of the 1, 228 patients were clinically diagnosed as nodular goiter, in which 234 cases were found to have indications of surgical removal of thyroid nodules, and 186 of the 234 cases were operated on. In the clinical and histological studies, 40 cases (11 males; 29 females) were diagnosed as thyroid cancer. The following were observed regarding thyroid cancer: 1) Prevalence rate of thyroid cancer was 1.3 (0.8 males; 1.8 females) per 1, 000 subjects examined. 2) Prevalence rate of thyroid cancer was not the same in different areas and was higher in the age-group over thirty than in the age-group under twenty-nine. 3) About 20% of the nodular goiters which were operated on was found to be thyroid cancer and 15.9% which was clinically diagnosed as benign nodular goiter before operation was found to be thyroid cancer. 4) Most of patients with thyroid cancer were unaware of the presence of goiter and showed no symptom. 5) About one third of thyroid cancer were in advanced stadium clinically, and two of them were too advanced to be operated on. 6) The 38 cases which were operated on were histologically diagnosed as papillary adenocarcinoma, with the exception of two cases of follicular adenocarcinoma. 7) There is a distinct difference between the prevalence rate of thyroid cancer and the mortality or morbidity (incidence) rate of thyroid cancer, and the former is significantly higher than the latter.

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Twenty six women showing acute psychogenic or environmental amenorrhea and twenty eight psychiatric female patients with amenorrhea were investigated with regard to serum LH bioassay and various urinary hormone assays. In the majority of those with acute environmental or psychogenic amenorrhea, a peculiar endocrinological pattern with low total gonadotrophin, low serum LH, high 170HCS and high 17KS was confirmed. In amenorrhea accompanied by endogenous psychosis, such as schizophrenia, the same endocrinological pattern was dominant. These results strongly suggest that the mechanism of the amenorrhea due to acute environmental change or psychiatric disorders is consistent with the shift theory of pituitary function proposed by Selye.

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In 1952, Albright for the first time found Pseudo-Pseudohypoparathyroidism (P. P. H.), as a syndrome of anatomic anomalies similar to Pseudohypoparathyroidism (namely, short stature, round face, short metacarpal or metatarsal bone and ectopic ossification), with normal serum concentration of calcium and phosphate. Since 1952, many cases were reported all over the world. But we have never seen the report in Japan. Recently, we have experienced a young girl (10 years) who had characteristics for P.P. H. with suggestive, familial occurrence. This case is presented and the nomenclature of related clinical entities was discussed together with the statistics of P. P. H. in literature.

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Prolonged intake of large doses of sodium iodide, with no restriction of sodium chloride, definitely caused thyroid enlargement in mice. In hypophysectomized mice, however, thyroid weight was not significantly increased by excess iodide regardless of the long duration of iodide treatment. An increase in pituitary TSH content and a slight increase of plasma TSH concentration were observed in the iodide treated mice. To clarify which thyroid tissue components were responsible for the increase in gland weight, qualitative and quantitative measurements were performed on histological sections and also nucleic acids and protein contents were determined. The biosynthetic capacity Histological observations revealed that the goiter induced by iodide was due to an increase of colloidal material. Marked accumulation of luminal thyroglobulin and an enlargement of follicle size were noticed. This observation was in accord with the quantitative determination of nucleic acids and protein. A decrease of DNA per tissue weight and an increase of RNA/DNA ratio and protein contents were observed in goitrous thyroid. From the experiments with ¹³¹I, no detectable altering of the pattern of hormone synthesis, was found in goitrous thyroid. Plasma BE ¹³¹I level was, however, markedly decreased. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of thiouracial was antagonized by concurrent administration of iodide. The effect of large amounts of iodide on the mouse thyroid is discussed in this paper, on the basis of the experimental results obtained.

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As described in our previous paper, prolonged intake of excess iodide results in thyroid enlargement in mice. The present experiments were undertaken to determine whether a different metabolism of iodide exists between the mouse and rat when the animal was acutely and chronically given large doses of iodide. The present data indicated that over a wide range (1 to 50μg/mouse) of acute iodide doses, total organic iodination was greatly increased without detectably altering the pattern of hormonal products synthesized. While, the release of hormone from newly iodinated thyroglobulin was inhibited. In a chronic iodide load experiment, mice were injected ¹²⁵I for 15 days and then given daily injection of 50μg ¹²⁷I labeled with 2μCi of ¹³¹I for 5 to 15 days. From the analysis of thyroidal radioactivity of ¹²⁵I and ¹³¹I and plasma PBI and BEI, iodidetreated thyroid of mice given large doses of iodide chronically synthesized increased quantities of organic iodine and released less quantities of thyroidal radioiodine than the control animal. It is suggested that excess iodide apparently does stimulate the organification of idodide and conversely inhibits thyroidal radioiodine release in mice.

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As one step of determining whether the superiotriy of C3H/He to C57BL/6 in mammary gland growth and lactation performance depends principally upon the susceptibility of the mammary gland to mammotrophic hormones or the quantities of these hormones acting on the gland or both, the differences in mammary growth and secretion between isologous pituitary grafted C3H/He and C57BL/6 mice and those between (C57BL/6×C3H/He) F₁ hybrids given pituitary grafts from either of their parent strains were investigated. While C3H/He was much more remarkable than C57BL/6 in mammary growth and secretion by isologous pituitary grafts, there was little difference in these phenomena between F₁ hybrids with pituitary grafts from C3H/He or C57BL/6. These results indicate that little strain difference exists in the quantity of prolactin secreted from the grafts and that the gland of C3H/He has higher susceptibility to prolactin than that of C57BL/6. Further, the importance of mammary susceptibility to prolactin for its development and function should be emphasized.

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A method based on double isotope derivative principle and with sensitivity of about 0.005μg pure steroid was developed for determination of estradiol-17β and estriol. This method includes esterification of estradiol-17βor estriol with p-iodobenzenesulfonyl chloride (pipsyl chloride), separation of ester by thin layer chromatography, acetylation of ester with ³H-labeled acetic anhydride, addition of known amount of pipsylated estrogen acetate-¹⁴C, purification of doubly esterified estrogen by 3 different systems of thin layer chromatography, and counting of ³H and ¹⁴C. The data on specificity of pipsylation, mobility of pipsylated estrogen acetate in thin layer chromatography, ratio of acetic anhydride to pyridine in acetylation of pipsylated estrogen, and recovery experiment are recorded.

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An accurate and easy transpalatal hypophysectomy in dogs was achieved using an opeating microscope. An application of this method for implantation of a permanent electrode into the ventral part of the anterior hypothalamus was also described.

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