Endocrinologia Japonica
Online ISSN : 2185-6370
Print ISSN : 0013-7219
ISSN-L : 0013-7219
Volume 23, Issue 1
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
  • SHIKUNI JYUJO, TSUNEHARU SATO, MASAHIRA HIRONO, MASAO IGARASHI
    1976 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 1-4
    Published: 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of microinjection of PGs (PGE1, E2, F2a) into the 3rd ventricle, median eminence (ME) and anterior pituitary on plasma LH in rats were investigated.
    Blood samples were obtained by jugular puncture before, and 10 and 45 min after the injection of PGs (50 or 100μg). Plasma LH was measured by radioimmunoassay.
    In the 3rd ventricle microinjection, PGE2 produced a significant rise in plasma LH. PGE1 and F2a did not significantly alter plasma LH levels.
    In the median eminence, PGE2 and El produced a significant rise in plasma LH. PGF2a did not alter plasma LH levels.
    In the pituitary, PGE2 and El produced a significant rise in plasma LH. PGF2a did not alter plasma LH levels.
    These observations indicate that PGs act directly on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and that particular PG may be involved in the release of particular hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary.
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  • NOBORU HAMADA, KOETSU UOI, YOSHIKI NISHIZAWA, TERUO OKAMOTO, KOICHI HA ...
    1976 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 5-10
    Published: 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effect of TRH administration on serum GH was studied in 6 normal subjects, 13 patients with primary hypothyroidism and 6 thyrotoxic subjects. Although no appreciable changes of serum GH were noted in the normal subjects, TRH administration provoked an increase of serum GH in 6 out of 13 patients with primary hypothyroidism. Serum GH levels in response to TRH administration were decreased in patients who were euthyroid following treatment with a preparation of desiccated thyroid. In patients with hyperthyroidism, no significant response of serum GH was observed at 30 or 60 min after TRH administration. Some of the patients with hyperthyroidism showed a slight increase in serum GH at 120 min after TRH injection. These results suggest that hypothalamo-pituitary function regulating GH secretion is altered in patients with primary hypothyroidism.
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  • MASAZUMI KAWAKAMI, FUKUKO KIMURA, SHINNOSUKE KAWAGOE
    1976 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 11-21
    Published: 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of electrical stimulation of the hippocampus (HPC), lateral amygdala (1-AMYG) and midbrain central gray matter (CG) on the release of ovulatory gonadotropin were examined using proestrous Wistar rats with or without pretreatment with reserpine, atropine or p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) at such dosage that had been confirmed not to block ovulation. Electrical stimulation of the HPC, 1-AMYG or CG under light ether anesthesia just before the critical period prevented a rise in serum LH, FSH and prolactin levels at 18:00. Pretreatment with atropine (200mg/kg body wt, sc) was effective to abolish this inhibitory effect of the HPC stimulation on the release of LH and FSH, whereas reserpine treatment (1mg/kg body wt, ip) did not affect the effect. The inhibitory effect of the 1-AMYG or CG stimulation on LH and FSH release was abolished by treatment with PCPA (150 mg/kg body wt, ip), while neither atropine nor reserpine had any effect. The inhibitory effect of the HPC stimulation on the release of these hormones was also blocked by PCPA treatment. In regard to the prolactin release, it was inhibited by the stimulation of the HPC, 1-AMYG or CG in both the non-treated rat and in the atropine or PCPA-treated one, while in the reserpine-treated rat it was not inhibited but rather was facilitated by these stimulations.
    It was assumed that the normal maintenance of both cholinergic and serotonergic neural links for the expression of the HPC inhibition on ovulatory LH, FSH and prolactin secretion and that of serotonergic link for the expression of the 1-AMYG or CG inhibition are needed. The inhibitory action on prolactin release changed into facilitation under the depletion of monoamines, but the mechanism is unknown.
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  • FUJIO YOSHIMURA, TSUYOSHI SOJI, YASUCHIKA TAKASAKI, TSUNEAKI KUMAGAI, ...
    1976 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 23-35
    Published: 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In our electron microscopy, acidophils in the pituitary autografts placed in the renal capsules of immature male rats underwent a sequential transformation with the lapse of time: Within 3 and 6 days, all the somatotrophs packed with the large granules of about 350mμ diameter dispersed. The size and number of the granules in somatotrophs were quickly and markedly reduced with severe modification of cell shape. There was evidence during this time course that Siperstein's or Moriarty's corticotrophs might be synonymous with the stellate shape of acidophils with the arrangement of small granules 150-200mμ in diameter along the cell membrane. In other word, they may belong to a step of degranulation process of acidophils. The “acidophils of the small granule type” possibly related to ACTH production according to Yoshimura et al.(1974) were frequently detected in the grafts as elongated or irregularly shaped cells. Their minute granules 100-150mμ in diameter were also distributed in row in the cytoplasmic peripheral area. Gradual loss of the minute granules below 100mμ in diameter eventually made the acidophils to transform into agranular cells. Our own idea that ACTH secretion might correlate with a series of cells transforming along the acidophil-axis was indirectly supported by the present observation on pituitary grafts. On the other hand, basophils rapidly degenerated and died away. Ten and 20 days after autografting, the graft cells which might be principally composed of the cells of acidophil origin enormously proliferated through mitotic division, showing the homologous fine structure, without the normal cell individuality. They always contained three different size and shape of granules simultaneously. Significance of such a rapid and strong response of acidophils to the ectopic replacement in the immature male rats was discussed from the view-point of hypothalamic regulation to simple protein hormones.
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  • YASUCHIKA TAKASAKI
    1976 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 37-48
    Published: 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Origin of prolactin cells in the pituitary grafts autotransplanted into the renal capsule was electron microscopically investigated in young male and female rats. Prolactin cells may mainly originate from the completely degranulated acidophils after grafting in both sexes. The comprehensive degranulation of acidophils may be essential condition for the development of prolactin cells. Formation of initial prolactin granules is related to the Golgi apparatus in 3 and 6 days in the males. Even prolonged transplantation for the duration of 10 and 20 days failed to develop the typical prolactin cells storing large polymorphic granules in the grafts in the males. In the females, however, the population of prolactin cells became higher (20-30%) and their granulation was more rapidly advanced than in the males. Nine and 16 days after grafting, quite numerous typical prolactin cells, characterized by the pronounced vesiculation of ER stored large polymorphic granules in the females. Progressive vesiculation of ER in degranulated acidophils may be the second necessary condition for establishing the prolactin cells. Thus, the entire course of cell conversion of acidophils into prolactin cells was observed in this study. All the graft cells including prolactin cells finally turned into the cells losing the respective individuality (10 days in the males; 32 days in the females). This fine structural similarity was striking in the males. We could not, however, deny the possibility of origination of prolactin cells from the follicular cells or their adjoining undifferentiated cells.
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  • SHIGERU MATSUZAKI
    1976 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 49-54
    Published: 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    5'-Nucleotidase activity was determined in rat thyroid and some other organs employing a specific assay method. During the course of methylthiouracil (MTU) treatment, thyroid 5'-nucleotidase activity decreased significantly. This decrease was specific for this enzyme since the activity of neutral phosphatase did not change and the activity of alkaline phosphatase and Mg2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase increased markedly. The 5'-nucleotidase activity of the adenohypophysis also decreased following MTU treatment. This enzyme activity of the liver, heart and whole brain remained unchanged after the treatment. The role of this enzyme was discussed in relation to tissue growth and increased contents of RNA and DNA in the thyroid and adenohypophysis.
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  • SHINJI HAYASHI
    1976 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 55-60
    Published: 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A pair of micropellets of a 1% or 10% estradiol (E2)-paraffin mixture (containing 0.2 or 2μg E2, respectively) or paraffin alone were implanted subcutaneously or intracerebrally in 5-day-old female rats. Animals given 10% E2 pellets became sterilized regardless of loci of the pellets. Of those which had received 1% E2 pellets, only animals with micropellets in the anterior hypothalamus became sterilized. It is suggested that neuronal components which are affected irreversibly by neonatal estrogen treatment are localized in the anterior hypothalamus.
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  • TOSHIAKI NAKAI, MASAKI HAYASHI, YASUNORI KANAZAWA, KINORI KOSAKA, TOMO ...
    1976 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 61-64
    Published: 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in healthy infants, aged one to 29 days. Capillary blood samples were obtained from heel stabs for estimation of glucose and insulin immediately before and 30, 60 and 120 minutes after the administration of glucose (2.0g per kg body weight). The younger infants tended to have delayed and diminished insulin responses to a glucose load than did older infants. The ratio of the increment of insulin concentration to the increment of glucose concentration at 30 minutes following a glucose load in younger infants, aged one to 20 days, was below 0.4. The ratio in infants older than 20 days was above 0.5. From these results it is evident that the pancreas of human infants begins to respond to the stimulation by glucose during the early postnatal period and this response becomes even obvious after 20 days of age.
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  • TAKESHI MARUO
    1976 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 65-73
    Published: 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to explore the possibility that human chorionic FSH (hCFSH) may be synthesized in vitro by the placenta and secreted into the culture media, chorionic tissue of the first trimester was cultivated in the radioactive medium prepared by adding 3H-proline and/or 14C-glutamic acid. Purification of biosynthesized hCFSH from the media was carried out by a combination of Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and polyacrylamide disc-gel electrophoresis.
    Utilizing radioimmunoassay for hCFSH, incorporation of labeled amino acid into biosynthesized hCFSH was examined. 3H-proline alone could not be incorporated easily into the biosynthesized hCFSH molecule but was predominantly incorporated into the biosynthesized hCG molecule. In a double labeling experiment with 3H-proline and 14C-glutamic acid, however, it was certified that hCFSH labeled with both 3H-proline and 14C-glutamic acid could be synthesized in vitro. Since hCFSH contains less proline and more glutamic acid than hCG, there may be a mutual relationship between the rate of incorporation of labeled amino acid into the hormones and the amino acid composition of the hormones.
    In addition, on DEAE-cellulose chromatography immunoreactive hCFSH eluted at a lower conductivity than native hCFSH and its elution profile was consistent, while immunoreactive hCG eluted at a higher conductivity than native hCG and its elution profile demonstrated a considerable variation. These results suggested that hCFSH synthesized in vitro might be stable, whereas hCG synthesized in vitro might exhibit a certain polymorphism due to charge heterogeneity.
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  • SHUICHI ICHIKAWA, TETSUO SAKAMAKI, SACHIKO TONOOKA, YOSHIRO SUGAI
    1976 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 75-82
    Published: 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The diurnal rhythm of plasma aldosterone concentration (PA), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma cortisol (PC) and serum growth hormone (GH) were examined in 5 cases of normotensive acromegaly and the results were compared with the observations in normal subjects. Moreover, the response of PA to angiotensin-II infusion was studied in 6 cases of normotensive acromegaly.
    A normal diurnal rhythm with the lowest values in the evening or midnight and the highest values in the morning was observed in 3 of 5 cases in PA and 3 of 4 cases in PC. On the other hand, no apparent rhythm of GH was observed in any cases and that of PRA in 4 of 5 cases. Although there was a significant positive correlation between PA and PC, no significant correlation was demonstrated between PA and PRA. The response of PA to angiotensin-II infusion was significantly suppressed in normotensive acromegaly as compared to the normal subjects in spite of normal levels of PRA except for 1 case.
    The above observations were interpreted to suggest that the aldosterone regulation system is slightly altered in a certain number of patients with normotensive acromegaly in contrast to the normal subjects in which PRA is the main contributing factor. The low PA and suppressed response of PA to angiotensin-II infusion may suggest the defective action of angiotensin-II infusion on the adrenal gland.
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  • KANJI NOZAKI, SHIN-ICHI NODA, SABURO OBI, YOSHIKI NISHIZAWA, HIROTOSHI ...
    1976 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 83-86
    Published: 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Serum gastrin and calcitonin were determined after administration of meat extract to patients with peptic ulcer in order to investigate what role gastrin and calcitonin are playing in peptic ulcer. Serum gastrin levels were elevated after ingestion of meat extract in 9 out of 11 patients with peptic ulcer. Serum calcitonin (CT) levels were elevated rather gradually in 7 subjects. It wassuggested that increased endogenous gastrin levels may have stimulated the release of CT. When salmon calcitonin (SCT) was administered intravenously at a dose of 100 MRCu before administration of meat extract, the rise of gastrin and CT was suppressed in 67% of cases as to gastrin and in 43% as to CT.
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  • NOBORU YANAIHARA, HARUKO SATO, MARI KUBOTA, MASANORI SAKAGAMI, TADASHI ...
    1976 Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 87-90
    Published: 1976
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Sensitive radioimmunoassay for secretin was developed by using synthetic preparation of porcine secretin and its related analogs. The secretin-specific antisera with titers ranging 1: 20, 000-1: 150, 000 were generated in rabbits against highly purified synthetic secretin. The labeled antigen was prepared by radioiodinating by the chloramine-T method synthetic secretin analog, Nα-tyrosylsecretin or [Tyr1]-secretin, both of which were proved to have almost identical immunoreactivities with that of secretin itself. The immunoassay was performed by the double-antibody method using synthetic secretin as standard. The lowest detectable amount of secretin in the present assays was 5-10pg/tube. Human duodenum extract with hot water contained secretin or secretin-like material that shows a parallel displacement curve to the standard in the immunoassay system used. Serum levels of secretin immunoreactivity in man rose up to 250pg/ml by intraduodenal infusion of HC1 and to 800-1, 000pg/ml by i. v. injection of 1 cu/kg of Boots natural secretin.
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