Endocrinologia Japonica
Online ISSN : 2185-6370
Print ISSN : 0013-7219
ISSN-L : 0013-7219
Volume 27, Issue 6
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
  • TSUTOMU KAZUMI, GEN YOSHINO, MASAFUMI UTSUMI, KAZUHIDE ISHIHARA, HIROY ...
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 675-678
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Changes in somatostatin levels in portal plasma in response to intragastric glucose loading were examined in normal controls and streptozotocin diabetic rats of one week duration.
    The mean (±SEM) basal level of somatostatin was more significantly elevated in diabetic rats (401±62 pg/ml) than in controls (171±13 pg/ml). However, no significant difference in somatostatin concentrations 30 min after glucose loading was found between diabetic and control animals (587±113 vs. 443±47 pg/ml). Glucose loading caused a significant elevation of somatostatin in controls, but not in diabetic rats.
    These results suggest a physiologic role of somatostatin in nutrient homeostasis, and that abnormalities in D cell function are present in streptozotocin diabetes of short duration.
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  • HISAKO FUSHIMI, SUKENORI TSUKUDA, TOSHIAKI HANAFUSA, YOSHIHIKO MATSUYU ...
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 679-687
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Twenty five cases of insulin autoimmune syndrome including this case have been reported so far without having the pathogenesis clarified. This paper describes a case which suggests one aspect of pathogenesis. The patient, a housewife concurrently had insulinoma and severe rheumatoid arthritis, complaining of hypoglycemic syncope attacks. During the attacks her blood sugar levels ranged from 19 to 22 mg%. Her serum extractable immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and insulin binding antibody levels were 557 μU/ml and 0.390 mU/ml, respectively.γ-Globulin-bound insulin was also measured electrophoretically. Bio-Gel P 10 column chromatography eluted almost all IRI at the void volume at pH 7.4 and a smaller but significant IRI peak also at pH 3.0. Selective angiography revealed a tumor-like staining in the pancreas body. Pancreatectomy relieved her of hypoglycemic attacks. Histology disclosed two small insulinomas.
    Insulinoma, rheumatoid arthritis and insulin autoimmune syndrome coexisted in this case, suggesting some causal relationship among them.
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  • TETSURO KOBAYASHI, SHINJI SAWANO, TOKUJI ITOH, SHIGEMASA TAKEDA, TOMOK ...
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 689-696
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The patterns of immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS) responses to glucose and tolbutamide were investigated in perifused pancreatic islets of both normal and diabetic rats.
    The incubation chamber of the perifusion apparatus for the islets was devised with a 2.5 ml disposable syringe. By the method of Lacy, the pancreatic islets were isolated from diabetic rats about 30 days after a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg body weight) and from normal rats of comparable body weight. The fasting blood glucose was 437±3 mg/100 ml in the diabetic rats and 120±5 mg/100 ml in normal ones. The concentration of IRS in each effluent was measured by the specific double antibody radioimmunoassay for somatostatin.
    During the initial 20 min incubation period with the medium containing 2.8 mM glucose, the levels of IRS were 11.3±1.0 pg/100 islets/2 min in normal islets and 32.0±3.4 pg/100 islets/2 min in diabetic islets. The latter value was significantly higher than the former (p<0.001). IRS levels gradually rose following 16.7 mM glucose and reached the maximal values with 30.2±5.7 pg/100 islets/2 min at 66 min in normal islets and with 56.8±13.3 pg/100 islets/2 min at 88 min in diabetic islets. The levels of IRS in diabetic islets were significantly higher than those of normal islets (p<0.001) throughout the experimental period. In the case of tolbutamide the IRS levels increased promptly to 51.9±6.6 pg/100 islets/2 min in diabetic islets and to 23.7±4.6 pg/100 islets/2 min in normal islets 2 min after initiation of the infusion. The former value was significantly higher than the latter (p<0.001). The levels of immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) in response to tolbutamide were significantly higher in the diabetic islets than in normal islets (p<0.001). These results indicate that there exists a hypersecrecretion of IRS from STZ-induced diabetic rats during the infusion with glucose and tolbutamide.
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  • SAN-E ISHIKAWA, TOSHIKAZU SAITO
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 697-701
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to elucidate the mechanism of action of glycyrrhetinic acid in causing the mineralocorticoid excess syndrome, the effect of the agent on the active transport of sodium in frog skin was examined. The rate of active transport was evaluated by a short circuit current using a Ussing's chamber. The short circuit current increased significantly after the addition of 10-8 M aldosterone to the incubation media. It remained unchanged or suppressed when either glycyrrhizin or glycyrrhetinic acid was added. The addition of 10-6 M glycyrrhetinic acid in the presence of 10-8 M aldosterone stimulated the short circuit current significantly as compared with the control skin which was treated with aldosterone alone. From these results, glycyrrhetinic acid is thought to potentiate the action of aldosterone and facilitate the active transport of sodium in amphibian epithelium. It is suggested that the pseudoaldosteronism induced by the administration of glycyrrhizin in man may in partbe due to the potentiation of aldosterone action by this drug.
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  • KONBAI DEN, MASAHIRO TOMITA, YOSHIAKI MIYAKE, NOBUHISA YAMAGUCHI, MASA ...
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 703-708
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Simultaneous determination of maternal and fetal plasma 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), corticosterone (B), 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18OH-B) and aldosterone (ALDO) in normal and toxemic pregnancies was performed by utilizing a newly developed radioimmunoassay. The mean levels of plasma DOC and ALDO in normal term pregnancy were significantly higher than those of nonpregnant women. Comparing the mean levels in umbilical arterial plasma to those in maternal plasma at delivery, DOC and ALDO were consistently higher in the former, while B was higher in the latter, and 18OH-B was largely unchanged. However, no umbilical arteriovenous gradient was found in any cortcosteroid measured. In toxemia of pregnancy, the corticosteroid levels in the maternal plasma were lower than those in normal pregnancies, and in umbilical arterial plasma, B was significantly higher and 18OH-B and ALDO remained almost the same as those in normal pregnancy. Thus, it appears that ALDO synthesis in mother in normal term pregnancy was enhanced but in toxemia of pregnancy it was suppressed, while in the fetus, it was enhanced not only in normal pregnancy but also in toxemia of pregnancy.
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  • SHIGEO ARAKI, AKIO AKABORI, HISANORI MINAKAMI, KOHSHIRO CHIKAZAWA, TAR ...
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 709-716
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present experiments were designed to clarify the mechahism of the positive feedback action of estrogen on gonadotropin release. Since a precise hormonal sequence of estrogen and gonadotropin during the induction of gonadotropin surge had been revealed in our previous study (Araki et al., 1978), the same experimental model was used with an additional stimulus of Gn-RH.
    The pituitary responsiveness to exogenous Gn-RH during the constant infusion of estradiol-17β was studied in 8 women. The infusion was initiated on various days of the follicular phase and maintained for 66 hr at a constant rate of 500 μg/24 hr which effected final increments of approximately 200-400 pg/ml in circulatory estradiol. Ten or one hundred μg of Gn-RH dissolved in saline was administered i.v. at 3 different times; before estradiol treatment, and 24 hr and 60-64 hr after the onset of the infusion.
    In the early f ollicular phase, a markedly decreased responsiveness of the pituitary was observed after the second stimulation of Gn-RH. The suppressive effect of estrogen was not observed in subjects in the mid-follicular phase. The maximal LH response to Gn-RH was seen near or in coincidence with LH surge induced by the stimulus of estradiol.
    A prolonged time course during the stimulation of estrogen was divided into 3 different phases: the negative feedback, transition and positive feedback. It is suggested that prolonged exposure to preovulatory levels of estrogen leads to a marked increase in pituitary responsiveness which may elicite LH surge in the absence of a greatly increased release of Gn-RH.
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  • TAKASHI MINEGISHI, MASAO IGARASHI, KATSUMI WAKABAYASHI
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 717-725
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in rat serum is successfully measured by a radioreceptor assay system employing PMS-treated immature rat ovary. The nonspecific inhibitory effect of serum was partially overcome by the addition of merthiolate to every component, while the residual effect was compensated for by using FSH-free serum which was prepared by passing the pooled female diestrous rat sera through an immunoadsorbent column packed with anti-ovine FSH-coupled Sepharose 4B. The assay system consisted of 100 μl of Tris-MgCl2-BSA or standard, 100 μl of FSH-free serum or sample, 100 μl of the receptor preparation and 100 μl of 125I-FSH. The incubation was carried out for 4 hr at 37°C and 500μl of cold Tris-MgCl2-BSA was used for the termination. Serum FSH could be measured within a range of 0.125-16 ng NIAMDD rat FSH I-3/tube. The mean within-assay coefficient of variation was 10.5%. The mean between-assay coefficient of variation was 11.0%. The assay values obtained by RRA showed a good correlation to those by RIA under the same physiological states of the animals. The ratio of the assay values, RRA/RIA, was found to change according to the sex and the physiological states, e.g. around 1.3 in normal males and 1.7 in orchiectomized animals and 2.21 in female rats. Serum FSH levels in female rats obtained by RRA and RIA changed almost in parallel until 20:00 (hr) of proestrous day, but after the first surge of serum FSH they were not parallel. These facts seem to indicate possible changes in the affinity of FSH with its receptor according to the state of animals and lead to the problem of the heterogeneity of FSH.
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  • YOSHIHIRO KAJITA, YOSHIKO MIYOSHI, TAKASHI HACHIYA, TADAYOSHI MIYAZAKI ...
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 727-732
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A case report of a female patient with Graves' disease complicated by nephrotic syndrome with high LATS activity in urinary gamma-globulin is presented. When in the hyperthyroid state with high LATS activity in the serum, she was treated with antithyroid drugs, excess iodine, and finally radioisotopes. Mild hypothyroidism occurred transiently without any significant change in serum LATS activity. Nephrotic syndrome suddenly appeared. Urinary IgG was purified by salting out with ammonium sulfate, DEAE and protein A-Sepharose, and LATS activity in the purified urinary IgG fraction was demonstrated. The specific activity of LATS activity in urinary IgG protein was slightly lower than that of the serum.
    This case is the first demonstration of LATS activity in urine from a patient with hyperthyroidism and nephrotic syndrome.
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  • HIROO NIIMI, NOZOMU SASAKI, HIROAKI INOMATA, HIRONORI NAKAJIMA
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 733-738
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The optimal daily requirement of L-T4 in replacement therapy for hypothyroidism was evaluated in evaluated in 24 cases of congenital hypothyroidism and 3 of juvenile myxedema, ranging from 3 to 30 years of age.
    The optimal dose of L-T4, defined as the minimal dose necessary to suppress the serum concentration of TSH into the normal range, was determined in each patient. The optimal dose of L-T4 between 3 and 5 years of age was 5-7μg/kg/day, which was higher than a level of 2-4μg/kg/day in adult.
    All patients appeared clinically euthyroid, and their serum concentration of T4 and T3 remained within the normal range while the optimal dose of L-T4 was being administered.
    These observations imply that physiologic requirement of L-T4 are lower than previously recommended dosages.
    Further studies to establish more precise therapeutic guidelines are needed.
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  • TAKEJI KIMURA, SEIICHIRO KAWASHIMA, YASUAKI NISHIZUKA
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 739-745
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Female fetuses of C57BL/TW mice were injected subcutaneously with 50μg 17β-estradiol on day 17 of fetal life. The treatment wasproved to induce ovary-independent proliferation and -cornification in the vaginal epithelium in later postnatal life. These fetuses were sacrificed on day 19 or 20, or on the 3rd day after birth. Histological observation on day 19 or 20 of fetal life didnot show a particular effect of estrogen at any portion of the vaginal anlage, but at 3 days after birth, the epithelium of the Müllerian vagina in estrogen treated females consisted of a single layer of columnar cells, whereas that in controls haddouble-layered columnar cells.
    A study of the mitotic rate revealed that the epithelial cells of the Müllerian vagina as well as those of the cervix were dividing more actively in fetuses than in pups. Estrogen injection on day 17 induced a marked suppression of the mitotic rate in the epithelium of the Müllerian vagina and cervix on day 19 and 20. On the other hand, estrogen treatment caused a significant increase in the mitotic rate of the epithelium of the sinus vagina, at least on days 19 and 20. It was concluded that the epithelial cells of the sinus vagina respond positively to estrogen and thus possibly play the main role in the deve-lopment of irreversible changes in the vagina.
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  • KENJI KINOSHITA, HAJIME ISHIDA, SHIGERU MINOWADA, TADAO NIIJIMA
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 747-751
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We have studied plasma renin activity, the plasma aldosterone level and urinary metabolites of glucocorticoid precursors before and during a dexamethasone suppression test in three non-salt-losers with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, who had never been treated with glucocorticoid. Plasma renin activity, the plasma aldosterone level and urinary pregnanetriol excretion were found to be abnormally elevated before dexamethasone administration. After 7 days' dexamethasone administration, plasma renin activity still remained high above the normal level, while the plasma aldosterone level as well as urinary 17KS and pregnanetriol excretion were lowered to the normal ranges. Several possible mechanisms for this discordant suppression of plasma renin activity and aldosterone level were discussed and the presence of mineralocorticoid resistance, which is not related to ACTH dependent aldosterone antagonists, was suggested in the case of these patients.
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  • TOMOKO FUJII, MASATOSHI SAKAMOTO, KAZUTOSHI HAYASHI
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 753-758
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The difference in the time course of the negative feedback effect of a single dose of 20 mg/kg testosterone propionate (TP) on gonadotropin secretion was studied in two groups of prepubertal (22-and 28-day-old) male rats. In both age groups serum testosterone concentration was highest 10 hr after the injection of TP and the level decreased steadily and at a similar extent to the control level by day 5. The injection of TP produced a significant rise in the serum FSH level 24 hr after the injection in 28-day-old rats but no significant effect of TP on serum FSH was observed during the first 24 hr in 22-day-old rats. At 48 hr, serum FSH levels decreased significantly in both age groups and the level returned to the control level on day 5 in 22-day-old rats but remained low in 28-day-old rats. In contrast, serum LH levels decreased already 10 hr after the injection of TP in both age groups. However, the LH level in 22-day-old rats tended to increase over the control level 5 days after administration of TP, while the level remained low in 28-day-old rats. The weight of the seminal vesicle and ventral prostate showed a significant increase from 24 or 48 hr after the injection of TP in both age groups. The magnitude of the increase in the weight of these organs in 28-day-old rats was much greater than that seen in 22-day-old rats. An apparent age difference in the time course of the negative feedback of exogenous testosterone on the gonadotropin secretion, particularly on the FSH release, may correlate with the appearance of physiological changes in the sensitivity and function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system which may occur during prepubertal period for the onset of puberty.
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  • HIROSHI TANIGUCHI, WOLFGANG MARTIN, JOACHIM KÜHNAU
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 759-767
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: June 07, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Bei stoffwechselgesunden Probanden wurde die Glukosetoleranz während Infusionen von Vasopressin und Angiotensin II untersucht. In An-und Abwesenheit von Vasopressin erfolgten orale und intravenöse Glukosebelastungen ohne und mit zusätzliche Tolbutamid-und Glukagongaben. Bei vasopressin-injizierte Ratten wurden der Gehalt an Leberglykogen nach Glukosegabe untersucht.
    Für die Dauer ihrer Infusion verschlechterten Vasopressin und Angiotensin II die orale uud die intravenöse Glukosetoleranz. Es kam zu einer besonders initial ausgeprägten Hemmung des Insulinanstiegs. Unter gleichbleibender Vasopressininfusion nahm gegen Ende des Tests der insulinogene Index allmählich zu. Eine nach Unterbrechung der Infusion akut einsetzende Hyperinsulinämie ging mit einer gegenüber dem Kontrollversuch gesteigerten Glukosetoleranz und mit einer Erhöhung des insulinogenen Index einher. Bei der Ratte bewirkten Vasopressin nach Glukosebelastung eine geringere Steigerung des Glykogengehalts als im Kontrollversuch.
    Die auf eine Hemmung der Insulinsekretion zurückgeführten Befunde wurden in Bezug auf definierte vasoaktive Eigenschaften von Vasopressin und Angiotensin II diskutiert. Es wird die Schlußfolgerung gezogen, daß die Minderung der Glukosetoleranz vorwiegend auf einer Hemmung des Insulinabstroms im Pfortaderblut (duch Vasopressin) bzw. der Insulinsekretion (durch Angiotensin II) und auf der aktivierten Glukoseausströmung beruhen würde.
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  • HIROSHI MIKAMI, CHARLES A. NUGENT, TOSHIO OGIHARA, TORU NAKA, KEIICHI ...
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 769-773
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    5α-dihydrocortisol has been reported to amplify the mineralocorticoid activity of aldosterone. In this study 5α-dihydrocortisol was administered to unilaterally nephrectomized rats treated with 11-deoxcorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and sodium chloride to examine its potentiating effect on the elevation of blood pressure in these animals. Subcutaneous administration of DOCA at two dose levels (40μg and 100μg/100g of body weight 3 times a week) resulted in a significant rise in blood pressure when compared with controls given no DOCA. However, concomitaut injection of 5α-dihydrocortisol (300μg/100 g of body weight 3 times a week) with both doses of DOCA did not accelerate the development or potentiate the severity of the hypertension in a 4 week period. Furthermore, administration of 5α-dihydrocorlisol did not cause a further decrease in plasma renin activity or a greater increase in urinary kallikrein excretion than those observed after DOCA alone. Thus, 5α-dihydrocortisol does not potentiate DOCA in the production of low renin hypertension in unilaterally nephrectomized salt-loaded rats.
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  • GEN YOSHINO, TSUTOMU KAZUMI, SOICHIRO MORITA, NOBORU KOBAYASHI, KATSUH ...
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 775-778
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper describes an inhibitory effect of propranolol on insulin secretion in rats with pancreatic islet cell tumors which have been induced by streptozotocin (65mg/kg body weight) and nicotinamide (500mg/kg).
    Following glucose ingestion (3g/kg), propranolol (4mg/kg) was injected into the tumor-bearing rats. Plasma insulin decreased paradoxically despite an increase in blood glucoses. In contrast, propranolol did not suppress insulin secretion in normal rats. The drug was found to have no effect on glucagon secretion in either experimental or control animals during glucose load.
    This may suggest that the experimentally induced insulinoma is hypersensitive to propranolol for inhibiting insulin secretion.
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  • FUMITAKE IKEDA, TSUYOSHI KONO, FUMIMARO OSEKO, HIROO IMURA, JIRO ENDO
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 779-784
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effect of diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ), a calcium-antagonist, on pressor and steroidogenic action of angiotensin II (AII), angiotensin III (AIII) and norepinephrine (NE) was studied in 5 normal men. AII, AIII and NE were infused intravenously for 50 min from 0900 hr at a rate of 20 ng/kg/min, 100 ng/kg/min and 200 ng/kg/min, respectively. DTZ was infused intravenously alone or in combination with each of these pressor substances at a rate of 1 mg/min from 0910 hr to 0930 hr. DTZ alone did not cause significant changes in blood pressure (BP) and plasma aldosterone concentration (P1 Aldo). On the other hand, DTZ combined with AII, AIII or NE significantly inhibited the rise in BP induced by these pressor substances. DTZ also inhibited the NE-induced increase in P1 Aldo, whereas it did not alter AII-, or AIIIinduced increase in P1 Aldo. These results indicate that in normal men pressor actions of AII, AIII and NE are calcium-dependent and calcium ions are also involved in NE-induced increase in P1 Aldo.
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  • SHOJI TOMODA, KAZUTAKA HAMADA, TADASHI SUGAWA, KENICHI P. TAKAHASHI
    1980 Volume 27 Issue 6 Pages 785-788
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: January 25, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the previous report, we had developed a simultaneous competitive enzyme immunoassay for hCG, using sheep red blood cells as the solid phase. The serum sample was not checked because of serum interference. In this report we have developed sequential competitive enzyme immunoassay. The sequential method is preferred because serum interference is removed and silicone rods are used as the solid phase instead of sheep red blood cells, which would be easily washed away in that procedure. The working range of this procedure is from 0.5mIU/ml to 200 mIU/ml. The value for serum hCG correlates well with that by RIA (r=0.904) Coefficients of variation are satisfied (14.2%: within assay and 15.2%: between assay).
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