EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Online ISSN : 1884-4170
Print ISSN : 0007-5124
ISSN-L : 0007-5124
Volume 14, Issue 3
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
  • Taro KAZUNO
    1965 Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 103-110
    Published: July 30, 1965
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    There can no longer be any reasonable doubt that the main metabolite of cholesterol in all of vertebrates is bile acid. The “primary” bile acids derived from cholesterol in the liver are cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids. However, gall bladder bile, intestinal contents and feces contain a number of other bile acids. These substances are artifacts arising from the primary bile acids by the action of intestinal microorganisms.
    After oral administration of labeled cholic acid into rats with bile fistula, a small amount of labeled deoxycholic acid was found in the fistula bile and the metabolites in the feces were found to be deoxycholic, 7-ketodeoxycholic and 12-ketolithocholic acids.
    When labeled deoxycholic acid was injected intraperitoneally into rats with a bile fistula, more than half of the injected acid was transformed to cholic acid by the introduction of a C7-hydroxyl group.
    No animals has been more thoroughly investigated than laboratory rat and mouse. These animals (subfamily Murinae) possess similarly characteristic bile salts although only the mouse has a gall bladder. The primary bile acids are cholic and chenodeoxycholic conjugated principally with taurine. Both species have liver enzymes for 6β-hydroxylation of chenodeoxycholic acid, giving 3α, 6β, 7αtrihydroxycholanic acid (α-muricholic acid) which can in turn be converted to 3α, 6β, 7β-trh ihydroxych olanic acid (β-muricholic acid) .
    The metabolism of chenodeoxycholic acid by intestinal microorganisms follows the manner of cholic acid. Thus, chenodeoxycholic acid is transformed into 7-ketolithocholic and lithocholic acids by the action of intestinal microorganisms.
    Deoxycholic acid, the main bile acid of domesticated rabbit, is also formed from cholic acid during the enterohepatic circulation, but the rabbit liver lacks the ability for the rehydroxylation of deoxycholic acid at C7 position.
    Cholic acid has not yet been demonstrated in pig and guinea pig bile. The main bile acids in gall bladder bile of pig are hyocholic (3α, 6α, 7α-trihydroxycholanic acid), hyodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acids. Those of guinea pig are chenodeoxycholic and 7-ketolithocholic acids. The characteristic feature of the hydroxylating system of pig is that the third hydroxyl is introduced in the 6-position of chenodeoxycholic acid instead of the 12-position. A 7-hydroxyl group present in hyocholic acid is eliminated by the action of intestinal microorganisms with the formation of hyodeoxycholic acid.
    Some experimental animals are not able to produce cholic acid from cholesterol, but produce bile acids and bile alcohols which are unique to the species possessing C26-C28 carbon atoms in the molecule as shown in the table.
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  • 1965 Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 111-145
    Published: July 30, 1965
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1965 Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 146-161
    Published: July 30, 1965
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1965 Volume 14 Issue 3 Pages 162-166
    Published: July 30, 1965
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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