The present report deals with the incidence of diarrheal cases among imported wild cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) during the quarantine period in our non-human primates facility and the therapeutic effects of two antibiotics on diarrhea. The results obtained were as follows:
1. Five hundred and twenty (49.3 %) out of 1, 055 monkeys, imported to N. I. H. from Southeast Asian countries from 1971 through 1972, had diarrhea for more than 1 day during the quarantine period of 7-11 weeks. In 90% of the 520 cases, diarrhea occurred within 4 weeks after arrival. The highest incidence of diarrhea was observed for the first one week.
2. With respect to the habitats of monkeys examined, the incidence of diarrhea was highest in monkeys from the Philippines, followed by monkeys from Malaysia and then from Indonesia.
3. The seasonal variation of the diarrheal incidence was, more or less, noticeable. Namely, the incidences both in summer and in fall were higher than those in spring and winter.
4. Rifampicin (RFP) showed remarkable therapeutic effects on bacillary dysentery in cynomolgus monkeys, when dysenteric cases were orally administered with daily dose of 200 mg of RFP per animal for three consecutive days.
However, in the diarrheal cases without shigella infection, any satisfactory therapeutic effect was not obtained with the oral administration of RFP.
5. Although chloramphenicol (CM) was effective against bacillary dysenteric cases infected with CM-sensitive shigella, sometimes the excretion of CM-resistant shigella was noted and stool properties were not improved in such cases.

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A remarkable host-mediated anti-tumor effect as well as an increase in survival time was observed by oral administration of arginine to tumor-bearing (Sarcoma-180) mice. Examination of blood from the tumor-bearing and arginine-treated mice revealed no significant abnormality. Anemia, leucocytosis and a decrease in liver catalase activity, which were usually found in tumor-bearing mice, seemed to habe been prevented by the arginine treatment. Liver fat degeneration and hypospermatogenesis were observed in the arginine-treated mice, although the toxic effect of arginine itself during administration was not so severe while not negligible. Pretreatment with arginine before tumor trans-plantation showed a prophylactic effect to a slight degree against the tumor growth.

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Mice shifted from an ordinary light-dark cycle (LD) to continuous illumination (LL) or continuous darkness (DD) demonstrate a peculiar rhythm in their water-intake rate in the daytime (WRD) . In the present work, 10 groups of mice shifted from LD to the environments under various photoperiods respectively were observed on changes of their WRDs. The results indicated that lighting more than 19 hours per day or less than 7 hours was faulty for the rearing of mice at least from a viewpoint of WRD. As to the establishment of the most suitable photoperiod, its necessity and possibility were discussed as one of the conditions to obtain the stable experimental data.

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In mice oral administration of cadmium (Cd) resulted the increase of copper (Cu) concentration in kidneys as well as Cd concentration. To investigate the effect of Cu administration CuSO₄ at concentrations ranging from 0.006 to 1.6% was orally administered to dd mice via drinking water for 15 days. No remarkable toxicity was observed at a concentration of 0.2 % or less, whereas slight and moderate toxicities were observed at 0.4 and 0.8 %, respectively. A concentration of 1.6 % was lethal. Tolerable concentration of Cu in the mouse liver was found to be approximately 4 times higher than that of the normal level. Relationship between the Cu concentration in drinking water and changes in body weight, bone weight, skin thickness and blood cell counts as well as changes in Cu and other heavy metal concentrations were discussed.

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The increasing use of germ-free and specific pathogen-free (SPF) animals in experimental works has led to a growing demand for more advantageous sterilization procedures for animal diets. Before and after gamma-irradiation at doses ranging from 0.5 to 3 Mrad, practical-type diets for chicks were assayed for their vitamin content. Irradiation had little effect on vitamin A, vitamin D, thiamine, riboflavin and ascorbic acid, while 30 to 40 percent of vitamin E was lost. The results of feeding study with chicks indicated that the irradiation of diet did not produce any significant disorders in growth, feed conversion and metabolizable energy for three weeks.

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Nitrogen (N) of the cecum and the kidneys in both sexes of ICR germfree (GF), mono- or poly-bacteria contaminated gnotobiotic (GB) and conventional (CV) mice at the age of 11 weeks was determined. Total N in the cecum per mouse and per body weight, and the total dry matter in the cecal contents showed decreasing values in the sequence of GF, GB and CV mice, but the total N per unit of fresh tissue gave a reverse tendency. N in the cecal sac showed no differences among GF, GB and CV mice. Total N of the kidneys and N per body weight of CV mice was higher than that of GF and GB mice. However, N per fresh tissue, and protein and urea N per unit kidney N did not show such tendencies.

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A method for examining the oxidizing power as an index for the bactericidal activity of peracetic acid solution was presented. The concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid can be measured using N/10 KMnO₄ and N/10 Na₂S₂O₃ solutions, respectively. According to this redox titration, the oxidizing power of 40% peracetic acid solution stored at 4 to 6°C was found to be unchanged for more than 3 months, and that of 2 % peracetic acid solution was stable after incubation for 7 hours at room temperature.

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This experiment, by the application of Boyle's law that the product of a given gas volume and its pressure are constant, aimed at contriving the apparatus for measuring body volume of mouse and investigating its accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. In this experiment we used a known volume of water (5, 10, ......., 50ml) as our subject, and the result is as follows.
1) Every measuring value is about 1ml more or less than the known value.
2) The coefficient of variation in every measuring value has a tendency to decrease as the subject volume increases.
3) To keep the sensitivity of the apparatus constant by using many kinds of subject volume, it is necessary to keep gas volume in the subject chamber constant by putting the object of the known volume besides the subject volume in the subject chamber.

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