Experimental Animals
Online ISSN : 1881-7122
Print ISSN : 0007-5124
Volume 37, Issue 4
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
  • Katsuhiro MIURA, Nobuo GOTO, Hiroshi SUZUKI, Yujiro FUJISAKI
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 365-373
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Eight strains of mice were examined for their susceptibilities to intraperitoneal infection with AS-6 strain of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) . 1) C3H/He mice suffered from a high mortality as well as infection rate. 2) C57BL/6, RR, NC and KK mice showed approximately the same infection rates as C3H/He, while these strains showed significantly lower mortalities than C3H/He. 3) AA, BALB/c and ddY mice showed no death and had the lowest infection rates among the eight strains. There was no difference in the virus recovery from six visceral organs (except the brain) between C3H/He, C57BL/6 and AA. Despite the equal degree of preceding viremia, the incidence of encephalitis was much lower in C57BL/6 than in C3H/He. The same strain difference as the above was also observed in C3H/He and C57BL/6 by intravenous inoculation with JEV. However, there was no difference in mortality between C3H/He and C57BL/6 mice when intracerebrally inoculated with JEV. The incubation period and survival time in the intracerebral inoculation were shorter than in the intraperitoneal and intravenous inoculations. The three types of strains were characterized: the first (C3H/He) was highly susceptible to both visceral phase infection (VI) and nervous phase infection (NI) ; the second (C57BL/6) was susceptible to VI but resistant to NI, and the third (AA) was probably resistant to VI and highly resistant to NI.
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  • Tsuyoshi SATO, Tatsuya MIYAI, Isamu AKAIKE, Mamoru TOGASHI, Misao KOJI ...
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 375-380
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A mouse representing a new hereditary-cataract strain was found in a mouse colony and a new line was established strain CSM. These mice were investigated genetically, histologically and biochemically. The results suggested that this cataract was apparently inherited through two recessive autosomal genes. Histologically the denucleation process of lens fibers was abnormal and small vacuoles appeared in the equatorial region of the lens cortex at 12 days. Biochemically, insoluble protein and sodium increased in the lens with age.
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  • Satoshi FUKUDA, Hiroshi NAGASHIMA, Kazunori MORIOKA, Junji AOKI
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 381-386
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Fluctuations in serum levels of testosterone (T) within a day, both with age and as a result of sexual stimulation, were examined in male beagle dogs. Eighty male dogs aged between 3 months and 16 years and bred in our laboratory were used under strictly controlled breeding conditions (temperature: 22±1°C, relative humidity: 55±5%, lighting time: 8 : 00 a.m.-8: 00 p.m.) . The level of T was measured by an RIA method. In order to examine the fluctuation in T level within a day, blood samples were obtained at 0 : 00, 6 : 00, 12 : 00 and 18 : 00 in each of five dogs aged 1.7 and 2.1 years. T levels fluctuated with a regular pattern that was lowest at 12 : 00, and increased to a peak at 18 : 00-6 : 00, thereafter decreasing until 12 : 00. In order to examine the change in T level with age, blood samples were obtained at 9 : 00, 12 : 00 and 16 : 00 from 70 dogs aged between 3 months and 16 years. The regular diurnal pattern of T level was usually seen, and the levels at 12 : 00 were always low and did not fluctuate at any age except for 6 months, and 13, 14 and 16 years. The T level at 9 : 00 increased to reach a peak at 4 years, whereas that at 16 : 00 did so at 2 years. T levels at 9 : 00 were significantly higher at 4-12 and 14years than at 3 months, and were higher at 4 years than at 9 months. T levels at 16 : 00 were higher at 2-12 and 14 years than at 3 months, and those at 2, 4 and 12 years were higher than at 6 and 9 months. Upon sexual stimulation with female estrous secretion from the vagina, T levels in male dogs aged 2 years were increased significantly at 3h.
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  • Michiko NIWA, Noboru WAKASUGI
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 387-392
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We studied the reproductive performance of F1 and F2 hybrids of laboratory mice (C57BL/6, B6 and BALB/c) and molossinus mice (MOM and Mol -A) . The F1× F1 crosses were fully fertile. In the F2 × F2 crosses, the copulation rate was slightly lower and the pregnancy rate was markedly depressed: only 5 out of 18 copulated females (27.8 %) became pregnant in the F2 hybrids derived from the reciprocal crosses of B6 × MOM, and in the F2 hybrids from BALB/c×Mol-A crosses, the pregnancy rate was 51.4 % (18/35) . This low fertility was attributed mainly to the F2 females, because there was a much lower pregnancy rate (56.5%; 26/46) in the (B6 × MOM) F2_??_ × B6 _??_ crosses compared with the B6_??_× (B6 × MOM) F2 _??_ crosses (80.6%; 26/32) . On the other hand, the pregnant F2 females were judged to have normal reproductive ability, based on observations of the numbers of corpora lutea, implantations and live fetuses at day 14 of pregnancy. Apparently there is segregation of fertile and sterile females at the F2 generation, but it remains to be determined how the loss of fertility is brought about in the sterile F2 females.
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  • Hayato NARITA, Masaaki HAMANO, Fumiaki CHO
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 393-397
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper describes usefullness of the ultrasonographical device (USD) for the diagnosis of pregnancy and the observation of fetal growth in the squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) conceived under group breeding conditions. Pregnancy was diagnosed on the basis of the detection of gestational sac (GS) in the uterus. The GS was first detected 127±10 days before delivery. The heart beat of embryo was detected around 114 days before delivery. It was able to judge conditions of fetal growth by measuring the size of GS and the biparietal diameter. No difference in uterine size between nonpregnant and pregnant animals was observed 135 days before delivery.
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  • Suguru MIYAJI, Masao KAMIYA, Jun-ichi SHIKATA
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 399-404
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The ovicidal effects of heat and various chemical disinfectants on an oxyurid rat nematode Syphacia muris were investigated, using the hatching methods in artificial intestinal juice. The eggs were collected from the perianal skin of spontaneously infected rats by means of a piece of transparent adhesive tapes, and these eggs were treated with each disinfectant for two hours. It was found that 70% ethanol and 80°C 30 min treatments killed almost all of the eggs. However, a small number of the eggs tested was killed by 0.02% chlorhexidine digluconate or 0.05% benzethonium chloride. AlcideTM, 3% saponated cresol solution, 50% isopropanol, 10 ppm sodium hypochlorite and 5 ppm iodophol had some effects against the eggs, but they didn't kill the eggs completely. A biological assay through infection of the eggs to rats might be necessary because the effects of 2% formalin on the eggs were not determined by the hatching methods.
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  • Masakazu TAKESHITA, Kunio DOI, Tomotari MITSUOKA
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 405-412
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Behavioral and histopathological characteristics were studied in mice treated repeatedly with hypertonic saline. In passive avoidance response using a step-through-type shuttle box, the mice treated with hypertonic saline showed shorter latency than control mice. No changes were observed in active avoidance response using a two-way-type shuttle box, spontaneous motor activity or motor function. Histopathological examination revealed marked and frequent degeneration and loss of neurons in the hippocampus as compared with animals after single treatment. The animals with severe hippocampal lesions showed impairment of passive avoidance response. The present brain lesions resulting from repeated treatment with hypertonic saline in mice are considered to be a possible model for memory disorders caused by hippocampal lesions in humans.
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  • Ikuo K. TAKEUCHI, Yoshiko K. TAKEUCHI
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 413-419
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A male mouse displaying bilateral microphthalmia and cataract was found among the offspring of pregnant Slc: ICR mouse treated intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg methylnitrosourea on gestational day 4. This mutant has been maintained by brother-sister mating. By the mating test with normal Slc: ICR mice, this character was revealed to be inherited by an autosomal single recessive gene. Linkage test with the brown locus showed that this mutant gene is linked with the B gene and mapped on chromosome 4. The histological study of the eyes of adult mutant mice revealed various abnormalities all over the eyes, especially in the lens and neural retina. Embryologically, the mutant mice showed persistent connection between the lens vesicle and the surface ectoderm by a cellular stalk, and also the formation of retinal infolding, in the early stages of eye development. Both were considered to be responsible for the consequent abnormal development and degradation of the lens. These results suggest that the mutant mouse we found may be an allele of the dysgenetic lens (dyl) reported by Sanyal and Hawkins [2] .
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  • Kazumi UCHIDA, Hiroshi FUJIWARA
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 421-428
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: December 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Male Small-obese mice (Small-ob) which derived from a C 57 BL/6 J-ob/ob mouse colony were examined histopathologically at 13-, 39-, and over 52-week-old. C 57 BL/6 J-ob mice (?/+: Non-ob, ob/ob: Ob) were studied as controls. In Small-ob mice, plasma glucagon concentration was higher than that of the Ob mice (this difference was highly significant.), and serum levels for insulin was within normal limits. Microscopically, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans were found only in the pancreas of Oh mice. The increase in the number of A-cells and the decrease in the number of B-cells were revealed immunohistochemically in the islets of Smallob mice. These changes were more severe with advance of age. In the aged Smallob mice, perivascular and periductular cell infiltration were found, but inflammatory change of islet tissue was not confirmed in any animals examined. Diabetic symptoms in Small-oh mice seems to stem from the disparity in insulin/glucagon (I/G) ratio associated with hyperglucagonemia which result from increased number of A-cells of pancreatic islets.
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  • Hiroshi KON, Tadashi SAEGUSA, Minoru TSUCHITANI, Isao NARAMA
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 429-435
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Almost all the male animals of WBN/Kob rat strain show the diabetic syndrome whereas none of the female animals develop such diseased conditions even at elder age. We investigated the effect of sex hormones on the onset of diabetic syndrome of this rat strain by comparing the results of body weight gain and various clinical tests such as glucose tolerance, serum biochemistry and histopathology of spayed female rats with those of non-treated and sham-operated female animals kept untill 88-week-old. Non-treated and sham-operated female animals had shown no abnormal result even at 88-week-old. Spayed female animals began to reveal glucosuria associated with polydipsia and polyuria from 72-week-old, and gradually developed emaciation and cataract. Increased body weight gain, impaired glucose tolerance and lasting hyperglycemia were observed prior to the onset of the symptoms. Pancreatic changes consisted of atrophy of acinar tissue and atrophy or disappearance of islet tissue attributable to clinical data also were detected in spayed female animals. These diabetic syndrome and pancreatic change were analogous to those of aged male WBN/Kob rats but the onset of spayed females was delayed and less severe. Present results suggest that female sex hormones are protective from the onset of diabetic syndrome of WBN/Kob rats.
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  • Voravit SIRIPHOLVAT, Tohru WATANABE, Takeshi TOMITA
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 437-446
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The localization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was studied in the cerebellar cortex of the crossbred trembler chickens by means of histo- and cytochemical methods. No essential differences between the crossbred normal and the crossbred trembler chickens were observed. The common results were as follows: Under a light microscope AChE activity was predominantly evident in the molecular layer, and secondly in the granular layer. AChE was ultrastructurally distributed principally in the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in a part of nuclear envelope of the Purkinje, the Golgi and some of the basket and granule cells, and in a portion of the sacculus of the Golgi apparatus of the Purkinje cell only. In dendrites and the initial axon of the Purkinje cells the smooth ER also showed AChE activity. Although dendritic terminals of the Golgi cells contained AChE reaction products, the axon terminal did not. Some of the afferent terminal fibers forming the cerebellar glomerulus exhibited weakly a positive AChE reaction, while others in the vicinity did not show any AChE activity at all. However, the enzyme reaction product was localized in the intercellular spaces between a presynaptic afferent terminal and the postsynaptic granule cell dendritic terminals in the glomerulus. In addition, AChE activity was found in the form of spots in the intercellular spaces of both molecular and granular layers.
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  • Yoko SHOJI, Toshio ITOH, Naoko KAGIYAMA
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 447-453
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Two strains of CAR bacillus from a mouse (CB-M) and a rat (CB-R) which were passaged 11th in embryonated chicken eggs via the allantoic route were inoculated intranasally in ICR mice and Wistar rats. The histopathological changes and the localization of the CAR bacillus in the tracheas and lungs of these animals were investigated microscopically 2, 4 and 8 weeks postinoculation (PI) . Histopathological changes similar to those in natural cases of CAR bacillus infection, showing severe peribronchial lymphoid cuffing, were first recognized 4 weeks PI. CAR bacillus was also found on the cilia of the respiratory epithelium. These histopathological changes were more remarkable in mice inoculated with CB-M and in rats inoculated with CB-R.
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  • Shoji TERAMOTO, Sakiko FUJII, Akiyoshi YOSHIDA, Yasuhiko SHIRASU
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 455-462
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: December 09, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A heritable open-eyelid mutant which arose spontaneously in the NC strain of mouse in 1982 has been maintained as the NC-eob line through brother-sister matings. When the line exceeded the 12th generation, its reproductive capabilities were initially compared with those of the NC strain. Then eye abnormalities were investigated morphologically and genetically. Although most of the reproductive parameters in the NC-eob line were comparable to those in the NC strain, a significant decrease was observed in the mean number of pups delivered, and the viability of pups at 7 days of age was reduced to 55%. The eyelids of pups were widely open at birth. The exposed cornea dried within a few hours and a bloody exudate appeared around the margin of the eyelids. At 1 day of age, the eye opening was smaller in size and covered with a scab. Histological examination demonstrated apparent inflammatory changes in the cornea and conjunctiva. At 21 days of age, the eyes revealed opacity, a rough surface, and microphthalmia. Histological findings in the cornea, such as keratosis and vascularization, coincided with the eye opacity. The weight and size of the eyeballs were almost the same as those in normal NC pups. However, a significant decrease in the length of the palpebral rima was evident and this was considered to be the cause of the microphthalmia. The results of genetic analysis indicated that these eye abnormalities were caused by an autosomal recessive gene, eob. These results suggested that the eob gene might be a new mutation manifesting semi-lethality as a pleiotropic effect.
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  • Motoo SHINODA, Toyohiko MIURA, Sakutaro TADOKORO
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 463-468
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The ambulatory, wheel-running, and drinking activities were measured in Wistar-Imamichi strain female rats under 12 L : 12 D condition (6: 00-18: 00), using Gundai type ambulo-drinkometer (for simultaneous measurements of ambulation and drinking) and wheel-drinkometer (for simultaneous measurements of wheel-running and drinking) to compare the rhythmicities of each behavioral activity. These apparatuses are able to measure the behavioral activities over a long period, successively and automatically. The circadian patterns of ambulatory activity had two large peaks at 21 or 24: 00 and at 6: 00 (acrophase) . Contrary to the above results, the wheel-running activity exhibited clear mono-peak at 21: 00 (acrophase) . Thus, apparent differences of the pattern were observed between the two activities. However, ambulatory and wheel-running activities fluctuated showing 4-days rhythmicity, and both activities increased in estrus and proestrus stages, respectively. The circadian rhythms of drinking activities measured by both apparatuses showed almost same patterns with acrophases at 6: 00, and 4-days rhythmicities were also observed and were characterized by remarkable decrease of activity in every proestrus stages. From these results, it is concluded that circadian pattern of ambulatory activity is different from that of wheel-running activity, but circadian patterns of drinking activities are stable regardless of different methods of the measurement. The ambulatory, wheel-running and drinking activities reflect the behavioral changes in sexual cycles.
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  • Hiroshi IIDA, Alexander KAST
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 469-472
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The performance of male SD rats in the water multiple T-maze was tested at 2 different times of the day: during the dark phase from 1900 to 2100, the elapsed time between the entry into water and the arrival at ramp was significantly shorter and the number of errors significantly less in comparison with the results of another group of male rats allowed to swim during the light phase from 0700 to 0900. However, only the acceptance of information was retarded, while the keeping of memory remained unaffected.
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  • Ryuzo TORII, Nakaaki OHSAWA
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 473-477
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Urinary total polyamines; putrescine, spermidine and cadaverine, levels were determined in the estrous cycle and during the pregnancy in female Wistar rats. Urinary total polyamines level in 12 estrous cycles in 4 female rats revealed the definite cyclic changes, showing high levels at estrous and low levels at diestrous stage. After the ovariectomy those cyclic changes disappeared. Urinary total polyamines levels were constantly low during the first half of the pregnancy of 8 female rats, whereas the levels increase abruptly from 10 days before parturition. After fetusectomy at 15th and 17th days of the pregnancy, those levels decreased gradually. These data suggested that the urinary total polyamines levels were closely related with the pituitary-ovarian function and the growth of fetus of rats.
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  • Hiromi HADANO, Syusaku SUZUKI, Keiichiro TANIGAWA, Akio AGO
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 479-483
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The non-obese non-diabetic (NON) mouse, which shows no glycosuria, is a subline of the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Cellular infiltrations in various organs were observed by light and electron microscopy in both sexes from 30 to 300 days after birth. These infiltrations were found in the kidney, pancreas, mandibular gland, parotid gland, exorbital lacrimal gland, and thyroid gland, but not in the adrenal gland, sublingual gland, testis and ovary. The infiltrating cells were mononuclear cells, mostly small lymphocytes. The population and frequency of these cellular infiltrations were weak generally; especially the infiltration into the pancreatic islet, which was very weak compared with that in NOD mice. Dilation of the proximal tubule occurred only in the females at 60 days or more after birth and it gradually increased with age. Numerous acidophil bodies appeared in the epithelial cells and the lumen of these dilated urinary tubules. These bodies were PAS-positive and stained with MT, and They had electron-dense complex structures.
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  • Takao YAMAGUCHI, Masao KOIDE, Toru R. SAITO
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 485-488
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The copulatory behavior of mammalian males is generally characterized by the male's repeated approaches to and mounting of the female. The mounting behavior can lead to intromission, and after several intromissions, an ejaculation occurs. Following ejaculation, the male refrains from sexual activity for a period of time, the so-called “post-ejaculatory interval (PEI) ”. Most mammals will return to copulate again. Both male hamsters and rats were used and each animal performed five series of copulations with a proestrous female. From the 1st to 5th series of copulations the hamsters showed a shorter PEI than the rats. In addition, the PEI of the hamsters showed no change after each ejaculation, while the rats gradually showed a significantly increased PEI during the five series of copulations.
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  • Toru R. SAITO
    1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 489-492
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To determine whether luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) contributes to the sexual behavior and locomotor activity of sexually inexperienced male rats, subcutaneous injections of LHRH (500 ng) were given to males. The males showed significant facilitation of a few aspects of sexual behavior 2h after LHRH injection, compared with saline-injected controls. However, the locomotor activity of males injected with LHRH showed no significant change. These results may indicate that LHRH mechanisms play a direct role in the normal regulation of sexual arousal of male behavior in rats.
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  • 1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 493-500
    Published: October 01, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • 1988 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages e1
    Published: 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: August 25, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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