All issues
Successor
Volume 14, Issue 8
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
[in Japanese]1958 Volume 14 Issue 8 Pages 507-509
Published: August 10, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (264K) -
(I) TREATMENT WITH AQUEOUS CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONTakeshi Hashimoto1958 Volume 14 Issue 8 Pages 510-514
Published: August 10, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTetoron fabric, when heated with a solution of caustic soda, is dissolved from the surface of each fiber without producing any degradation of the remaining portions of the fibers. The author investigated the effect of temperature and caustic soda concentration on the rate of solution and the properties of treated fabric.
1) The following relationship was found between residual weight (R%) and treatment time (t sec.)
where k is the rate constant of solution and ro(cm) is the initial radius of a fiber.
2) k was dependent on temperature and caustic soda cincentratiom.
The relationship between k and temperature (T° K) was
3) The dye absorption and the moisture regain of Tetoron fabric were constant during the treatment. The coefficient of friction was also constant, but softness incresed with the treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1214K) -
(VII) ON THE EXTRUSION OF P. V. CTadasi Muroi, Yukihiko Emura1958 Volume 14 Issue 8 Pages 515-519
Published: August 10, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe made two small extruders-having fine screw diameter; 8mm and 13mm, and studied on the spinning by extrusion of plasticised and unplasticised polyvinyl chloride.
We succeeded to prepare fine denier filaments by equipping the extruder with heating tube.
This spinning process is discussed and the authors suggest that the drawing effect of filament in molton state would have almost the same effect as in melt spinning not using a nozle.View full abstractDownload PDF (1202K) -
Shoichi Sakajiri, Iwao Fujimoto1958 Volume 14 Issue 8 Pages 520-521
Published: August 10, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn the unoriented amorphous polyethylene terephthalate (P. E. T.) fibers made from polymers of the different degree of polymerisation which were of various orders of molecular orientation, birefringence, specific gravity, and percentage of the contraction in boiling water etc. were measured.
1) In spite of increased birefringence, specific gravity is nearly constant.
2) Percentage of the contraction in boiling water increases with increased birefringence.
3) Percentage of the contraction in boiling water of the polymer of high degree is larger than those of the low degree.
4) Softening behavior with temperature depends upon the order of the molecular orientation.View full abstractDownload PDF (127K) -
Shoichi Sakajiri1958 Volume 14 Issue 8 Pages 522-524
Published: August 10, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe thermodynamic equation of state for elasticity may be expressed:
The force-temperature behavior of the Polyethylene Terephthalate fibers, the drawn spun fibers with the various degrees of orientation and with the different degrees of polymerisation, were observed at the constant elongation (1%).
The results observed are:-
1) The retractive forces increase with the initial birefringenes of the undrawn fibers and the draw ratio,
2) The tangents of the force-temperature curves are negative at the lower draw ratio, but change to positive at the higher draw ratio, i.e., the thermoelastic inversion occurs at a_??_certain draw ratio,
3) The draw ratio at which the thermoelastic inversion occurs decreases with increased the birefringence of the undrawn fibers and with decrease in degree of polymerisationView full abstractDownload PDF (177K) -
(VI) ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE STRENGTH OF COTTON AND RAYON STAP-LE FIBRE BLENDSeiichiro Ueno1958 Volume 14 Issue 8 Pages 525-531
Published: August 10, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe specimens of each blended proportion of cotton and rayon staple fibre blended yarn of different length being used, were made for continuous strength test and the following results were obtained on the basis of mean strength T.
(1) A curve formula of second degree was applied to the cumulative frequency distribution in strength below T.
A tension to hold the number of yarn breaking below 1% (To) was estimated, and an examination of the conformity to measured values is further made.
(2) The distribution of yarn breaking points, based upon the assumption that tension T is given for each specimen respectively, approached to nearly equal distances as rayon staple fibre proportion increased, which shows that the partial continuity of similar strength decreases as yarn evenness is decreased.
(3) In comparing the strength of the specimens different blendings, not only the specimen length used but also these auto-correlation coefficient must be considered, and when each strength test at 50cm test length fit for such purpose was compared the lessening of strength is shown with significant difference among the specimens, with the increased rayon staple fibre percentage.View full abstractDownload PDF (520K) -
(VIII) ON THE DEFORMATION BY TWISTING OF A NYLON FILAMENT (I)Keiroku Fuchino, Keiichi Nakazato, Kazuo Matsuda1958 Volume 14 Issue 8 Pages 532-536
Published: August 10, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe x-ray diagrams of polycaproamide fish line (1, 000d), twisted at fixed length, do not show theoretically spiral structure for more than 900t. p. m, but show a deformation structure of which (10_??_) plane of crystallits oriented to the twist angle and (101) plane lie approximately parallel to the fiber axis.
These facts show that, with continuous twisting, the crystal slippage occurs at (10_??_) plane, and sheaf out into a peculiar ribbon shaped body, which are identical to Keller's explanation of the phenomena at drawing polyethylene film. This model is something like a strand from a rope, but having no twist of the individual fibrill. These mechanism explain why the twist moments and contractive forces at fixed length between single filament and multifilament of the same denier, do not coinside with a definite twist number in their twisting.View full abstractDownload PDF (1187K) -
Keiichi Nakazato1958 Volume 14 Issue 8 Pages 537-540
Published: August 10, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe limit of breakage and of appearance of snarls or double-twists by twisting mono-filament are studied, and then prepared by multi-filament.
The results obtained are following;
1) Breakage by twisting occurs when the total elongation of the general line equalls to its breaking elongation.
2) Under low tension by twisting, snarls or double-twists appear before breakage.
3) Double-twists appear at a constant contraction by twisting independent on denier.
4) Mechanism of appearance of double-twists may be explained by considering the part of the filaments i. e. inner side of neutral zone, which is compressed and buckled.View full abstractDownload PDF (910K) -
Shigetake Kinoshita, Torajiro Namikata1958 Volume 14 Issue 8 Pages 541-545
Published: August 10, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dynamic Young's modulus and damping capacity of each of 14 samples of same viscose spun rayon yarns and fabrics treated with several contents of urea-formaldehyde resin were measured by the vibrating reed method in vacuum at room temprature, and obtained the following results:
1) In the observation of the influence of the resin content on the dynamic Young's modulus of yarn and fabric treated with resin, it was found that the dynamic Young's modulus was increased as the resin content was increased and that the values of dynamic Young's modulus of every treated yarn was higher than the values of corresponding fabrics. (see Fig. 4)
2) By measuring the influence of the resin content on the damping capacity of yarn and fabric treated with urea-formaldehyde resin, it was found that the variation of the values of damping capacity with various resin contents on yarn or fabric was not distinct, although the values of the damping capacity of every treated fabric were higher than thoes of corresponding yarns. (see Fig. 5)View full abstractDownload PDF (399K) -
(PART 2) CONSTANT RATE OF DEFORMATION IN NYLONIwao Matsumoto, Kinzo Ishikawa1958 Volume 14 Issue 8 Pages 546-550
Published: August 10, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe result obtained in Part 1 was that stress-relaxation of nylon (6 nylon) is much affected by relative humidity, under the small elongation, but there is a small difference among the rate of stress relaxation, under larger elongation. In Part 2, constant rate of deformation behavior of nylon was measured in order to know the influence of the relative humidity and temperature. The data obtained under R, H. 8%, 33%, 55%, and 75% at 25°C, and under 25°C, 55°C, 85°C, 115°C and 145°C were analyzed by the mechanical model shown in Fig. 2. When this model is solved under constant rate of deformation, equation (1) and (2) will be obtained. The data obtained under various conditions fallmostly under these equations constants η1, G1,
A (the value direct by proportional to η2) and AB (the value direct by proportional to G2) obtained under various R. H. and temperature are shown in Fig 6_??_Fig 9. G1 and η1 related to the value of stress in lower strain are much affected by R. H. But A and AB related to the value of stress in higher strain are little affected by R. H. The constant are very much affected by temperature, but there is a small difference among the tendency of changes between G1 and AB, η1 and A.View full abstractDownload PDF (347K) -
(Part 7) OPENING ACTIONKenji Higuchi1958 Volume 14 Issue 8 Pages 551-556
Published: August 10, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that the performance of cotton opening is tested by handling method, but it is dificult to compare the result due to personal difference of operators and machinery used. For the efficient opening of cotton it is desirable that compressed materials are broken into small portions and loosend as much as possible with the minimum mechanical treatment. In order to know the fundamental action of opening, the specific weight of cotton tuft is measured at each process of the treatment. But as the above method is more trouble some, the author has measured the coefficient of air flow resistance of cotton in packed cylinder, and found the coefficient is usually better than the compressibility of cotton tuft to indicate the opening effect of blowroom machinery.
The formula of air flow resistance of packed cotton is as follows where Pd: air flow resistanece, Kd: coefficient of resistace, μf: air flow velocity, μf; viscosity of air, d: size of cotton tuft, H: packed height, γf: specific weight of air, γds: density of packed cotton, g: gravity constant.
The opening action of each machinery by the ratio of specific weight of cotton and coefficient of air flow resistance were about 1.1_??_1.2, for different type of machines.View full abstractDownload PDF (388K) -
(II) THE EFFECT OF COLD-DRAWING ON THE DYEING PROPERTY OF AMILAN WITH LEVELLING ACID DYEToru Shimizu, Uichiro Miyaoka1958 Volume 14 Issue 8 Pages 557-562
Published: August 10, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolyamide fibres in these fine structures are affected by the drawing treatments, and these effects may alter greatly the dyeing property.
Amounts of dye taken up by the fibre are measured from the infinite dyebath condition at a constant concentration of dye, temperature and agitation of dyebath, and apparent diffusion coefficient from these experimental data on the amount of dye absorbed is determined by the use of Hill's equation. The apparent diffusion coefficient (D) so determinated is regared as a function of the change of fibre alone.
Accordingly, we studied the effect of the residual strain, shown after the drawing of Amilan on the diffusion of dye through the fibre, as expressed in term “D”. The dye Fast Red EA acid salt (old Cl No.182) was used, and following results are obtained.
1. Between D and the draw ratio of the cold drawn, unstretched Amilan the following relation is found. Where D and D0 are apparent diffusion coefficients of stretched and unstretched yarn, N is the draw ratio, and A is a constant. D of Amilan is decreased by the cold drawing, due to the improved orientation of the fibre.
2. In the case the residual strain (≤3%) is obtained from strained (≤16%) of the stretched Amilan, the equation (1) does not hold.
The residual strain which is brought about by tension during the weaving and knitting process etc. of Amilan in atomosphere at room temperature and fumidity dose not affect the dyeing property with the levelling acid dye.View full abstractDownload PDF (494K) -
(III) THE EFFECT OF DRY HEAT-TREATMENT ON THE DYEING PROPERTY OF AMILAN WITH A LEVELLILG ACID DYEToru Shimizu, Uichiro Miyaoka1958 Volume 14 Issue 8 Pages 563-566,557
Published: August 10, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of dry heat-treatment on the dyeing property of Amilan (6-Nylon) with a levelling acid dye (Fast Red EA acid salt, old CI No.182) was studied from these aspects, namely by determination of the the hygroscopic degree, the amino end group (with two methods of dinitrofluorobenzene and titration under the dispersed state in m-cresol), the molecular weight, the amout of dye up-take at equilibrium, and the apparent diffusion coefficient, The apparent diffusion coefficient (D) was determined by the use of Hill's equation with the method of infinite dyebath.
Following results were obtained:
1. The crystalization occured in Amilan by dry heat treatment, and some of amino end groups are hidden in the crystalline region or in the region that can not be penetrated by the dye molecule.
Consequently, the amount of dye up-take at equilibrium (C∞) is decreased by dry heat-treatment, thus causing the decrease of amino end group which is the site for absorption of dye.
2. The increase of crystalline region by dry heat-treatment increases the barrier for the passage of dye molecules, and this decreases the D of dye into the fibre.
3. The C∞ and the D decrease with the increase of the temperature and time of dry at-trea tments.
Hence, the dyeing property of Amilan with the levelling acid dye becomes more difficult.View full abstractDownload PDF (489K) -
[in Japanese]1958 Volume 14 Issue 8 Pages 567-577
Published: August 10, 1958
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (801K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|