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Volume 15, Issue 7
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[in Japanese]1959 Volume 15 Issue 7 Pages 519-522
Published: July 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (367K) -
(IX) SOME RESULTS ON DRAWING AND HEAT-TREATMENTMasao Takahashi1959 Volume 15 Issue 7 Pages 523-526
Published: July 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome exprimental results on the drawing and the heat-treatment of low pressure polyethylene filaments are obtained as follows:
1, The maximum draw ratios of undrawn filaments are remarkably effected by the drawing temperature when the drawing velocity is fairly large. The structural anisotropy produced by melt spinning also exerts large influence upon the maximum draw ratio.
2. The tensile strengths of drawn filaments having the same draw ratio become larger as the structural anisotropies of original undrawn filaments increase.
3. The effects of drawing conditions upon the birefringences, tensile strengths and elongations of drawn filaments are also investigated.
4. It is possible decrease the shrinkage in boiling water of drawn filaments to very small values by the heat-treatment for very short period.View full abstractDownload PDF (241K) -
MECHANISM OF COAGULATIONAkiyoshi Nakai1959 Volume 15 Issue 7 Pages 527-531
Published: July 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Cross sections of the model filaments coagulated freely in various bath compositions from viscose, were examined by the staining technique.
2. These filaments have a multilayer structure consisted of the alternative succession of the α-type layer (greater equilibrium dye absorption and lower crystallinity) and β-type layer (less equilibrium dye absorption and higher crystallinity), similar to those of fibres spun in the usual way, as corroborated previously by the author.
3. When viscose is coagulated in a zinc-free bath, the two-layer type structure consisted of the outermost thin α-layer (cuticle layer) and β-layer is formed.
4. In the case of a zinc-containing bath, the alternative occurrences of α-type and β-type layers take place. The pitch of the layer succession is sensitively dependent on the composition of the bath and that of the viscose. The coagulation of this type is a typical example of Liesegang effect.
5. The cause of alternative occurrence of layers is discussed from the chemical and colloid-chemical points of view.View full abstractDownload PDF (1530K) -
(I) INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF VISCOSENaoji Komatsu, Rinzo Ono, Shigeo Nonaka1959 Volume 15 Issue 7 Pages 532-536
Published: July 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the internal structure of viscose as a basic study on spinning mechanism of viscose, the structural viscosity was measured by varying the amount of the consumed carbon disulfide to make viscose, cellulose concentration, total alkali concentration in viscose and the degree of polymerization of cellulose. The internal structure of viscose should be considered rather as a concentrated solution of polymer than as a polyelectrrolyte solution of cellulose xanthate molecule in our experiments.
In this report the effects of the factors, influencing upon the character of polyelectrolyte, such as the amount of the consumed carbon disulfide and ripening standard, on the internal structure of viscose are regarded as of secondary significance. It became clear in our studies that the factors influencing on the character of the concentrated solution, i.e. total alkali concentration, cellulose concentration and the degree of polymerization influencing on the interaction of polymerchain, changed the internal structure of viscose.View full abstractDownload PDF (384K) -
(II) INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF CELLULOSE XANTHATE GELNaoji Komatsu, Rinzo Ono1959 Volume 15 Issue 7 Pages 536-539,532
Published: July 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the mechanism producing fiber from viscose, the internal structure of the cellulose xanthate gel obtained from several viscoses different in internal structure by using two coagulation agents independently was investigated by means of stress-strain curve, %-orientation-strain curve, stress relaxation, %-orientation relaxation and elastic part of deformation. It is conclusive that the internal structure of the cellulose xanthate gel is influenced by that of viscose, however, the nature of the cellulose xanthate gel such as the strength of the junction point of the network structure, the low distance order of molecules considered to be grown from the junction points is determined by a system of coagulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (376K) -
Motohiro Shimizu, Haruo Yamada1959 Volume 15 Issue 7 Pages 540-544
Published: July 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe wood fiber was isolated from each chip of a Japanese-red pine, fir, beech and birch by mild treatments.
The wood fiber was nitrated with the nitrating agent (whose composition was; NHO3:(CH3 CO)20_??_CCI4=1:1:5), the nitrated part of it was peeled off by acetone, and determined the amount of the pentosan in the residue by phloroglucinol method.
Conclusions obtained:
1. The pentosans in each wood fiber are distributed unequally in their radial directions. Namely the pentosans in the wood fiber are distributed smaller in quantity from the surface to the lumen.
1. Cell wall in the surface of softwood fiber is built by about 50_??_60% pentosan but that of the hardwood fiber is almost all pentosans.
3. Cell wall near the lumen of softwood fiber is built by about 2_??_4% pentosan, but that of hardwood fiber is built by 8_??_10% pentosan.View full abstractDownload PDF (343K) -
Motohiro Shimizu, Haruo Yamada1959 Volume 15 Issue 7 Pages 545-547
Published: July 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fiber was isolated from each chip of beech and birch by mild treatments, and libriform wood fiber was obtained by screening it.
After the libriform wood fiber was nitrated with the nitrating agents (whose composition was HNO3:(CIH3CO)2O:CCI4=1:1:5), the nitrated part of it was peeled off by acetone, and xylan in the residue isolated.
Polymerisation degree of xylan was determined by measuring viscosity of cuprammoium solution of xylan. It was found that polymerisation degree of xylan in the radial directions of wood fiber is equal.View full abstractDownload PDF (882K) -
(IV) ON THE NON-LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY OF WOOL FIBERKan Shirakashi, Noboru Oguchi1959 Volume 15 Issue 7 Pages 548-551
Published: July 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn general, the equation of the motion of the mechanical vibrational system, which contains both fiber and pendulum, is expressed by the following differential equation.
When the viscoelasticity of the fiber is linear, the above equation may be used. But for the real fiber, the above equation can not be applied strictly for the mechanical vibrational system, because the fiber has non-linear viscoelasticity. For swollen wool fiber, from the experiments the following non-linear differential equation is obtained.
In this paper, dynamic mechanaical properties of wool fiber, immersed in water under low frequency at different extension, are studied by using the above non-linear differential equation. In this equation, the viscosity and elasticity terms are not maintained constant with vibration time. This phenomenon may be accounted for by hydrogen bond breaking and transient fiber fatigue.View full abstractDownload PDF (360K) -
(IV) BREAKING STRENGTH OF STAPLE YARN OF FIBERS OF UNEQUAL LENGTHAkira Ikeda, Iju Okano, Yasushi Ikegami, Yoshiyuki Nakagawa1959 Volume 15 Issue 7 Pages 552-555
Published: July 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe critical lengtn and the breaking strength of staple yarn of fibers of unequal length are theoretically and experimentally studied.
Then, the critical length is gained from the following equation:
where, μ; the coefficient of friction between the fibers r0: the mean radius of curvature of helix of fiber C; thickness of the fiber θ; twist angle in the surface layer R; the radius of the thread La; the mean fiber length in the raw stock diagram lc; critical length
And, the breaking strength of the yarn of unequal fiber length is;
where, T0; breaking strength of fiber σ; number of projecting fibers at cross section of the thread b; number of fiber at cross section of the thread f(x); the length of the fiber in raw stock diagram θ0; mean twist angle (2θ/3)
Furthermore, theoretically the relation between the shape of raw stock diagram and the breaking strength of the yarn was studied. In experiments with viscose staple fibers, the experimental values of breaking strength of the yarn fitted well to the calculation.View full abstractDownload PDF (256K) -
(XVII) THE EFFECT OF WIDTH OF CUT-MATERIAL-TAPE ON TWISTING PROPERTY AND QUALITY OF YARNKuniichi Yamada1959 Volume 15 Issue 7 Pages 556-561
Published: July 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen the cut-materials (cheese) of about 6mm wide is used the strength p (kg/mm) per width unit (mm) of twisted yarn becomes constant. And it is made clear that when the yarn of about 5mm wide is used, the zero-spun-strength p becomes constant.
The strength utilization rate of raw fiber [=(p/p_??_)×100 (%)] is in proportion to the mean length of fiber. But the rate becoms constant at 5_??_6mm wide cut-materials.
The number of twist for the highest dry andwet strength decreases when cut-materials become wider. And the wider become cut-materials, the bigger the variation of strength produced by twisting.
The strength of hard and thick raw paper decreases at first by twisting, and then increases by more twisting. The wider is the tape, the more conspicuous this tendency becomes. Such being a case, soft, thin and strong raw paper must be used. Besides it is quite necessary that the narrowest cut-material possible be used as far as the quality of raw paper can stand, and the strength of twisted yarn at its width not weaker than the strength of cut-material-tape.View full abstractDownload PDF (403K) -
(XVIII) THE EFFECT OF WIDTH OF CUT-MATERIAL-TAPE ON DOUBLING AND TWISTING PROPERTY AND ON QUALITIES OF DOUBLED AND TWISTED YARNKuniichi Yamada1959 Volume 15 Issue 7 Pages 561-565,556
Published: July 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe yarn, twisted by the heavier traveller after giving about 50% moisture to the cut-materials, is 150_??_300% stronger than that twisted in the conventional means. But the yarn loses its strength considerably when being twisted or untwisted in order to make it a doubled and twisted yarn. Therefore, in this research the method of giving moisture and tension, and twisting at a certain width of cut-materials, where the strength of raw cut-materials can be utilized most economically and cut-materials can turn out to be a yarn of desirable thickness, is tested.
1. Necessary strength of yarn can be obtained from a yarn narrower than that made in the conventional ways.
2. This doubled and twisted yarn can be manufactured at the cost of 1/3_??_1/4 cheaper than that made in the conventional ways.
3. This yarn has bigger breaking elongation than that made in the conventional ways. It is convincing that this method improves elongation of yarn.View full abstractDownload PDF (416K) -
(XIX) THE EFFECT OF WIDTH OF CUT-MATERIAL-TAPE ON DOUBLING AND TWISTING PROPERTY AND ON QUALITIES OF DOUBLED AND TWISTED YARNKuniichi Yamada1959 Volume 15 Issue 7 Pages 565-569,556
Published: July 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe yarn, twisted by the heavier traveller after giving about 50% moisture to the cut-materials, is 150_??_300% stronger than that twisted in the conventional means. But the yarn loses its strength considerably when being twisted or untwisted in order to make it a doubled and twisted yarn. Therefore, in this research the method of giving moisture and tension, and twisting at a certain width of cut-materials, where the strength of raw cut-materials can be utilized most economically and cut-materials can turn out to be a yarn of desirable thickness, is tested.
1. Necessary strength of yarn can be obtained from a yarn narrower than that made in the conventional ways.
2. This doubled and twisted yarn can be manufactured at the cost of 1/3_??_1/4 cheaper than that made in the conventional ways.
3. This yarn has bigger breaking elongation than that made in the conventional ways. It is convincing that this method improves elongation of yarn.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
PART I. COMBINATION EFFECTS OF VINYL-POLYMERS WITH DIMETHYLOL-ETHYLENE-UREATetsuya Matsukawa1959 Volume 15 Issue 7 Pages 570-575
Published: July 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe origin of high soil-retention of the resin-finished fabrics has been shown* to consist in the addition of acrylic-polymers, usually applied with dimethylol-ethylene-urea (CEU) or others to the resin treatment of cotton fabrics.
The author replaced for these acrylic-polymers with various types of vinyl-polymers to improve soil-resistance of the finished fabrics.
Copolymer of maleic anhydride and vinylmethylether (PVA-MA) seem to be most effective for the purpose, and the fabric treated with the mixture of CEU and PVM-MA (1/5 by weight of CEU) has shown excellent crease resistance which is durable to washing.
Furthermore, the treated fabrics show a remarkable anti-soil-retention that soils can easily be removed by water without any detergents. Presumably, the effect may be explaind by the dissociation of maleic residue of the polymer.
Conductivity measurement of the finishing solution and the washed-out liquor of the treated fabrics suggest the interaction between PVA-MA and CEU or cellulose, which cause the durable crease resistance of the fabrics.
*T. Matsukawa and M. Watanabe; Natural Science Report of the Ochanomizu University, 9. 24 (1958)View full abstractDownload PDF (493K) -
Kiyohisa Fujino, Fumihide Fujimoto, Minoru Kawaguchi1959 Volume 15 Issue 7 Pages 576-581
Published: July 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVinylon is analogous to cotton from the viewpoint of hydrophilic fibre and chemical structure, so the both fibres may have the same behavior in dyeing. On this assumption dyeing of vinylorr and cotton with 29 direct dyes were tested. The shape of sorption isotherms for both fibres is found essentially the same. From these sorption isotherms, these dyes are classified in three, groups. In the first group, the amount of sorbed dye is small for both fibres, and that for vinylon is no more than that for cotton. In the second group, the amount of dye sorbed by vinylon is more than that by cotton at the low dye-bath concentration, but the opposite is the case at high dye-bath concentration. For the third group, both fibres sorb a large amount of dye, only vinylon sorbs more than cotton. It is to be concluded from these facts that the dyeability of vinylon with direct dyes is more sensitive than that of cotton.
The relation between the molecular structure of dye and the dyeability of vinylon is almost the same as that of cotton. NH2 group has a better effect than OH group. The peri-type combination of NH2 with OH and OCH3 group on a benzizine ring has a poor dyeability. On the other hand, the dye having salicylic acid residue is quite effective. Dyes with many sulfonic groups or those on one side of the dye molecule are not very effective in vinylon dyeing.View full abstractDownload PDF (396K) -
(VII) ON THE DEFORMATION OF THE ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF SOME DYES IN P V A FILMS DUE TO DRY HEATINGYoshiji Ishii1959 Volume 15 Issue 7 Pages 582-588
Published: July 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBefore dyeing, PVA films were heated in the liquid paraffin bath at various temperatures; 125°C, 150°C, 180°C and 200°C. The pre-heated films were dyed with direct dyes; Benzo Azurine G (I), Enianil Azurine J (III), Benzo Purpurine 1 OB (IV), Congo Red (V) and a new dye (II) derived from tetrazotised dianisidine and gamma acid. The deformation of _??_absorption curves of these dyes in films by above pre-heating as well as by dry heating of dyed films was measured and is discussed.
The results were shown as follows:
(a) The spectra of the films dyed with I or II are affected by the pre-heating temperatures.
(b) The deformation of absorption curves of the dyed PVA films due to dry heating may be classified into three groups;
Group 1. By dry heating, the peak and shoulder on the side of longer wave lengtn of the absorption curves shift toward the side of the shorter wave length, and both extinction coefficient are reduced. (dye I or II)
Group 2. In the case of this group, the absorption curves of dyes in films do not shift, but reduced down without any deformation of these curves. (dye IV or V)
Group 3. In this group, the complex deformation of these curves is meaured. (dye III)
(c) The color change of the dyed PVA films due to dry heating is irreversible, but by wetting and drying of the film the changed color can be restored.View full abstractDownload PDF (502K) -
[in Japanese]1959 Volume 15 Issue 7 Pages 589-596
Published: July 10, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (551K)
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