In the previous paper, the yarn axis crimped in the fabric was assumed to be expressed by the following equation which contains an important parameter n. Here l is the length of a quarter of crimp measured along x-axis, which is the direction of tension and a is its amplitude. This shape of the yarn axis is also applied to crimped fiber. Using the above equation, the strain energy U of the crimped fiber is obtained. The deflection in the direction of the force is deduced from Castigliano's theorem. By expansion using binomial series, the initial resistance of the crimped fiber is obtained, but it is not useful for practical problems, as it is in too complicated form. Introducing m, which depends upon a, l and n, the practical equation of the initial resistance is obtained. These results are shown in equation (22). This theoretical equation was discussed by using the crimped model filament. The constant EI for three model filaments with the same EI but with various crimps was not constant when calculated from Van Wyk's theory, but it was constant from the author's theory.

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The change of bulkiness with extension of stretch yarns was studied by the optical method proposed in the previous report¹⁾.
The following conclusions were obtained.
1) The change of bulkiness can not be expressed by Fr. Fourné's equation²⁾, which was formerly proposed.
kD=√1-x²
k: constant
x: crimp length (ratio of crimp length to its fully extended length)
D: apparent diameter of yarn
but it is expressed by the following empirical equation,
Rr=αe^-βx+R₀
Rr: reduced radius of yarn¹⁾,
α, β and R₀ are morphological characteristic constants of each yarn and they relate to respectively, bulkiness, the change of bulkiness with extension, and radius of filament yarn,
2) α and β of stuffing yarn are larger than those of torque yarn (Woollie Nylon); i.e. the rich bulkiness and large change of bulkiness by stretch are characteristic of stuffing yarn.

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As a supplement of the consideration on the cluster in previous report, now the cluster was studied on the basis of the theory of run. From the result, considering by a principle of blend distribution which separates component fibres to one by one as possible, the actual process of the blend may be at least more suitable than the attempt by which the fibres are arranged at random only final without such a process.
In conclusion, the results of author's studies were summarized. In short, although, up to present, the relations between blend percentages and physical properties of blended yarns have been investigated from the point of view of mean value, in author's studies this subject was mainly discussed from the point of view of variation and a suggestion in using blended yarns was given from those systematic experiments of blend distribution.
However, the problem of blend may finally be connected with the properties of fabrics, especially with the variation of the shade of color, and so further studies of this field will be desirable.

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Softwoods (spruce+fir, and fir only) and hardwoods (mixed hardwood, and birch only) unbleached sulphite paper grade pulps were bleached with three-stage processes (chlorination, caustic extraction, hypochlorite) and a comparison was made on behavious of softwood and hardwood sulphite pulps during the bleaching.
1) In comparison with softwood unbleached sulphite of the same Sieber number, hardwood sulphite pulps were lower in the bleaching loss (Fig. 1), and higher in brightness of bleached pulp (Table 1 and 2) and consumption of caustic soda (Fig. 2). The yields of boths oftwood and hardwood bleached pulps were lower than those expected from their lignin contents calculated from Sieber number of unbleached pulps.
2) The loss of xylan and mannan in pulps during bleaching process were very small and total amounts of them were about 0.2% in both softwood and hardwood unbleached pulps (Sieber number about 52) (Table 5). The dissolved carbohydrate materials were mainly xylan in the case of hardwood pulp, while considerable amount of mannan was found in addition to xylan in the case of softwood pulp. Considerable amounts of uronic acids were also removed during these treatments and the loss mounted to 20-30% of original uronic acid contents of both softwood and hardwood unbleached sulphite pulps (Table 3 and 4).
3) Lignin contents of unbleached pulps were determined UV-absorptiometrically on phosphoric acid solution. It was shown that the lignin content of the herdwood unbleached sulphite pulps was about 20% less than that of softwood unbleached sulphite pulps of the same Sieber number (Fig. 5 and 6). It seems that the difference in the yield of softwood and hardwood bleached sulphite pulps was mainly due to the difference in the lignin contents.
4) The amounts of lignin eliminated from unbleched sulphite pulps were determined UV-absorp-tiometrically in the bleaching process. Lignin in unbleached hardwood sulphite pulp was easier to remove than that of softwood pulp during caustic extraction after chlorination (Fig. 8) and hypochlorite bleaching. Considerable amount (about 35%) of the former was also removed even by 1% NaOH extraction at 20°C for 1 hr. (Fig. 9)

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Hardwood unbleached sulphite pulps consumed more caustic soda than softwood pulps during caustic extraction in bleaching process. This investigation concerns this problem.
The results of conducto-and potentiometric titrations of spent caustic extraction liquors (Fig. 1), and gas-chromatographic analysis of the same liquors (Fig. 7) and hydorolysates of these pulps show that the difference in the consumption of caustic soda is due to the difference of acetyl group contents in the both unbleached pulps. Acetyl group contents of hardwood unbleached sulphite pulps (47-55% of total cooking yield) are 0.6-1.0%, while only about 0.1% in softwood unbleached pulps.
In the bleaching process, these acetyl groups in unbleached sulphite pulps were not or little removed by chlorination (Fig. 5 and 6), but most parts were removed by caustic extraction. Therefore, acetyl groups cannot be found in bleached sulphite pulps.
The acetyl groups in unbleached sulphite pulps were nearly completely removed by 1% NaOH extraction (20°C, 1 hr.) or bisulphite-soda cooking. By those processes the amotnts of caustic soda consumed in bleaching of hardwood unbleached sulphite pulps decreased greatly to that of softwood unbleached sulphite pulps of the same Sieber number (Table 1, Fig. 3, 4 and 8).
It seems that the acetyl groups combine with xylan existing in amorphous region of unbleached sulphite pulps.

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The influence of the difference in the sorts of acetylating catalyzer upon the properties of the acetylated cotton fabrics was studied, Some influences were observed, although they were not great.
For example, the acetylated cotton fabrics prepared by ZnCl₂ catalyzer have better acid-resistance and lesser solubility in chloroform, and those prepared by HClO₄ catalyzer have more water-and moisture-absorbency than those prepared by other catalyzers.

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Polyoxyethylene dichloroformates were prepared by phosgenation of polyethylene glycols. Then, dimethylene, dioxyethylene, trioxyethylene and polyoxyethylene (600) N, N, N′, N′-bis-ethylene-urethanes were prepared by the reactions of polyoxyethylene dichloroformates with ethylenimine in ether or benzene using triethylamine as dehydrochloric acid agent. These bis-ethylene-urethanes reacted with thiophenol or hydrochloric acid to give the corresponding addition compounds. It is expected that the bis-ethylene-urethanes will be used as a cross-linking agent of cellulose.

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Dimethylene, dioxyethylene, trioxyethylene and polyoxyethylene (600) N, N, N′, N′-bis-ethylene urethanes were prepared by the reaction of corresponding polyoxyethylene dichloroformates with ethylenimine in aqueous solution using Na₂CO₃ or (NH₄)₂CO₃ as dehydrochloric acid agent.
It was proved that the yield of these bis-ethylene-urethanes prepared in water was good as shown by determination of the yield by addition compounds prepared from these bis-ethylene-urethanes in aqueous solution and hydrochloric acid, while the yield of bis-ethylene-urethanes isolated as pure products was lower. Preparation of these bis-ethylene-urethanes in water is advantageous, when they are used for cellulose treatment as their aqueous solution.

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Reactions of octadecyl ethylene urea and water-repellent effect of derivatives of octadecyl isocyanate were studied.
Octadecyl ethylene urea reacted with nucleophilic agents openning the ethylene imino ring at lower temperature, while at higher temperature it reacted as octadecyl isocyanate which was formed by the decomposition of octadecyl ethylene urea. It was supposed that the reactions of the above two types with cellulose would proceed, when cellulose treated with octadecyl ethylene urea was cured.
As octadecyl isocyanate derivatives, N-octadecyl phenyl urethane, sodium bisulfite adduct, octadecyl urea, dioctadecyl urea and octadecyl isocyanate trimer were prepared. It was found that these derivatives reacted with cellulose at higher temperature as octadecyl isocyanate which was formed by the thermal decomposition, and accordingly viscose rayon fabrics treated by the derivatives had water-repellent property. But the water-repellency was not so remarkable.

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