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Volume 19, Issue 1
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Yukio Mitsuishi1963 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 3-6
Published: January 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe differences between the fine structures of “pot spinning” and those of “continuous spinning” high tenacity rayons were investigated by determining stress-strain curves in various mediums.
Distribution of cohesive bonds in “pot spinning” sample was comparatively in amorphous regions or low cohesive energy regions. So “pot spinning” sample had broad R. H. 65%_??_0.5N NaOH order regions in the stress-strain curves. There was no difference in high cohesive regions (above 1.25N NaOH order) between “pot spinning” and “continuous spinning” high tenacity rayons. Therefore, it is estimated that “pot spinning” sample has more freedom of network structure and higher degree of uniformity of chain-length between crystallites than “continuous spinning” one.
In order to observe the effects of time factor on the formation of cohesive bonds in the spinning process, the samples dried continuously soon after the spinning and washing were compared with those dried long after that. From the results, it was observed that the stress-strain curves of the latters in low swelling mediums were relaxed.View full abstractDownload PDF (281K) -
(III) RETARDATION OF ACETYLATION RATE BY ACETIC ACID (IV) PRETREATMENT AND ACETIC ACID SWELLINGMasao Saito, Tadao Kasai, Kazuhiro Nagai1963 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 7-20
Published: January 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1080K) -
(V) THE SPINNING OF POLYMER BLEND CONSISTED OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AND LATICES OF VARIOUS POLYMERS CONTAINING QUATERNARY VINYL PYRIDINIUM SALTKanji Matsubayashi1963 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 21-26
Published: January 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to improve the dyeing properties of a wet spun fiber, the latices of various polymers containing quaternary vinyl pyridinium salts described in the previous paper (part III) were used for blending with polyvinyl alcohol. The dye absorption and color-depth and washing fastness of dyeings of a fiber containing the copolymer particles were increased with increasing degree of quaternization in the copolymer. By spinning the polyvinyl alcohol solution containing the quaternary vinyl pyridinium salt-methyl acrylate copolymer latex, followed by hot drawing, hot shrinking and benzalization, the fiber having fairly good dyeing properties was obtained. And also, as results of dlending of the copolymer, acid resistance and heat setting properties of the benzalized fiber were somewhat improved. By using chlorobenzaldehyde to impart a better acid resistance, the fiber sufficiently stable under the dyeing condition of wool with acid dye was obtained. The fiber may be suitable for blending with wool.View full abstractDownload PDF (1943K) -
Kanji Matsubayashi1963 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 27-33
Published: January 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to improve the flame resistance of vinylon, heat-treated polyvinyl alcohol fibers were acetalized with acetaldehydes or benzaldehydes substituted by chlorine or bromine. An excellent flame resistance was obtained by the introduction of bromine into the fiber. But the effect of improving the flame resistance was insufficient in the case of chlorine. The time required for ignition was prolonged with increasing bromine content. By using bromobenzaldehyde, a resilient and flame resistant fiber was obtained. The bromobenzalized fiber is superior to a benzalized fiber not only in flame resistance, but also in acid resistance, heat setting property and elastic recovery.View full abstractDownload PDF (506K) -
Junichi Sato, Isao Shimoda1963 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 34-42
Published: January 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWheat straw was chopped to the length of 1-2cm, pneumaticaly elutriated and shieved by screen. The ammonium sulfite solutions used for the cooking of the straw were prepared to pH 9 and pH 3 with sulfur dioxide and aqueous ammonium solution. The refined straw was cooked with 4 to 12% total sulfur dioxide on the weight of oven-dry straw at liquor-to-straw ratio of 10:1 and 5:1. The cooking was carried out at 180°C in case of the cooking liquor of pH 9 and at 150°C in that of pH 3. The pulps resulted were analysed chemically and the mechanical strength of their sheets was measured.
The refining and screening of the semichemical pulp of straw were repeated several times under a definite condition. Each fraction resulted was chemically analyed.
1. The maximum yield of screened pulp obtained with the cooking liquor of pH 9 and pH 3 is 54-56%, independent of chemicals and liquor-to-straw ratios.
2. The lignin content of the pulps at maximum screened yield is varied from 5 to 9% in the cooking liquor of pH 9 and from 14 to 16% in that of pH 3.
3. The pentosan content in the pulps at maximum screened yield is below 20% in case of the cooking liquor of pH 3 and over 20% in that of pH 9.
4. The pulps of maximum screened yield with the cooking liquor of pH 9 are better than those at pH 3 in burst factor and breaking length.
5. In the cooking at pH 9, the pulp of maximum screened yield increases in pentosan and decreases in lignin with increasing chemicals-to-straw ratio. The pulp at maximum yield of the screened obtained by cooking with a constant chemicals-to-straw ratio is slightly lower in lignin and pentosan in case of liquor-to-straw at the ratio of 5:1 than that of 10:1. As chemicals-to-straw ratio increases, the burst factor and breaking length of the pulp increase, while the liquor-to-straw ratio affects little upon these strengths.
6. Semichemical pulp made from straw contains fractions having various lignin and pentosan contents.View full abstractDownload PDF (589K) -
(PART. 1) ON THE MEASURING EQUIPMENT OF THE FLUFF AND NEPKazuo Mihira, Hajime Sugimoto1963 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 43-50
Published: January 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMeasuring, expression and valuation method were researched for the fluff and nep of spun yarn, as follows;
(1) The characteristic values of the fluff and nep of yarn was measured optically by using the photocell.
(2) The quality of the fluff may be divided into the cotton yarn type and worsted yarn type, and shapes of detective slit is changed for each case. The results of experiment agrees with observation made by seriplane test.
(3) The quantity of the fluff was expressed by its concentration. Fluff concentration may be defined: -the yarn observed consists of the mother body of yarn which contains unevenness and group of fibers, or “group of fluffs” coming out from it. The fluff concentration, grown in outward direction from the base surface of the yarn body, is measured to obtain its cumulative frequency distribution. (Fig. 4, 6_??_8 and 10_??_11).
(4) Measuring equipment was illustrated by Fig. 1, 3 and 5.View full abstractDownload PDF (4024K) -
(IV) DECREASE OF APPARENT AFFINITY OF DYESTUFFS FOR CELLULOSE AND HEAT OF ADSORPTION FOR POLYMER IN SOLUTION (2)Yoshio Suda, Hideo Ujikawa, Tadashi Shirota1963 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 51-58
Published: January 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was previously reported by us1)_??_3) that the effects of polymer solution in direct dyeing consisted of adsorption effect and cation effect; and the decrease of dye-amount, adsorbed by cellulose was discussed from the view points of adsorption of dye by polymer (wheat starch) and the temperature dependence on it.
In the present paper, the same problems are discussed for the case of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC).
The results obtained are:
(1) Similarly to the case of wheat starch, it is assumed that the decrease of dye-amount, adsorbed by cellulose in the co-existence of HEC is due to adsorption of direct dye by HEC, and reduction of the effective dyebath concentration.
(2) On these assumptions, it is shown that there exists the following relation between the apparent amount of dye adsorbed by HEC and the effective dyebath concentration [D]σ′.
That is to say, adsorption by HEC obeys the distribution law.
(3) Calculated heats of adsorption of dye for HEC (11 Kcal/mol for Chrysophenine G and Direct Sky Blue FF) are somewhat smaller than those of dyeing for cellulose. It is considered that these differences originate in the difference of hydration ability between HEC and cellulose.View full abstractDownload PDF (514K) -
[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 59-62
Published: January 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (294K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 63-65
Published: January 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2017K) -
[in Japanese]1963 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 66-71
Published: January 10, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: November 28, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (542K)
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